Generalized lymphangiomatosis in patients treated for chylothorax following thoracoscopic sympathectomy: Case report.

Generalized lymphangiomatosis (GLA) is a very rare condition in adults, characterized by diffused proliferation of lymphatic vessels that requires differential diagnosis from other vascular disorders such as cavernous or capillary hemangioma. This is because of overlapping characteristics on histopathological examination. Therefore, imaging features such as CT and MRI are useful to evaluate morphological characteristics, location, and the extent of the spread as well as differential diagnosis with other pathologies. We report a case of a 22-year-old female patient with left hemothorax after thoracoscopic sympathectomy for the treatment of hand sweating. The patient underwent drainage and cleaning of the left pleura. Chest computed tomography and lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple fat infiltration foci of the lumbar spine and pelvis. A wing bone biopsy of the pelvis was initially performed for the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis. Afterwards, the patient continued to have pleural drainage and developed hemothorax and chylothorax, amounting to 3000 mL. The chest tube was blocked with a mixture of biological glue and lipiodol (2 mL of glue, ratio of glue to lipiodol: 1:4) and a 3 i-ED coil complex. After the intervention, the pleural fluid decreased; the left pleural fluid was still 15 mm thick, and the amount of fluid drained after 1 week was 100 mL. Aspiration of the chest wall lesion showed fluid rich in fat droplets. Combined with the results of lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging and the old biopsy, this was consistent with generalized lymphangiomatosis.

Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities of the Leaf Essential Oils of Goniothalamus yunnanensis W.T.Wang and G. touranensis Ast: Experimental and In Silico Approaches.

The current research describes a phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from the leaves of two Vietnamese Annonaceae species Goniothalamus yunnanensis W.T.Wang and G. touranensis Ast. By the GC-FID/MS (gas chromatography-flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry) analyses, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons accounted for the highest percentage of 68.22% in G. yunnanensis leaf essential oil with bicyclogermacrene (31.03%) and (E)-caryophyllene (21.12%) being the main compounds. G. touranensis leaf essential oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (57.08%) with p-cymene (19.95%) and α-pinene (16.82%) being the major compounds. Two oil samples showed strong antibacterial effects on the Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis ATCC51299, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, and Bacillus cereus ATCC11778 with the MIC values of 16-64 µg/mL. They also inhibited the growth of the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 60193 with the same MIC value of 128 µg/mL. Both two oil samples showed strong mosquito larvicidal activity against four-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus with the 24-h LC50 values of 16.75-27.60 µg/mL and 24-h LC90 values of 24.31-46.18 µg/mL. Docking results indicated that bicyclogermacrene and p-cymene exhibited the highest ΔG (binding affinity) values of -8.208 and -6.799 kcal/mol with the olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively.

Identification of 2-(N-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) quinoline derivatives as antitubercular agents endowed with InhA inhibitory activity.

The spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis strains has become a significant economic burden globally. To tackle this challenge, there is a need to develop new drugs that target specific mycobacterial enzymes. Among these enzymes, InhA, which is crucial for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a key target for drug development. Herein, 24 compounds were synthesized by merging 4-carboxyquinoline with triazole motifs. These molecules were then tested for their effectiveness against different strains of tuberculosis, including M. bovis BCG, M. tuberculosis, and M. abscessus. Additionally, their ability to inhibit the InhA enzyme was also evaluated. Several molecules showed potential as inhibitors of M. tuberculosis. Compound 5n displayed the highest efficacy with a MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL. Compounds 5g, 5i, and 5n exhibited inhibitory effects on InhA. Notably, 5n showed significant activity compared to the reference drug Isoniazid. Molecular docking analysis revealed interactions between these molecules and their target enzyme. Additionally, the molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes formed by quinoline-triazole conjugate 5n with the InhA. Finally, 5n underwent in silico analysis to predict its ADME characteristics. These findings provide promising insights for developing novel small compounds that are safe and effective for the global fight against tuberculosis.

Cytotoxic Effects of Oleanane-type Saponins from Lysimachia laxa.

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Lysimachia laxa led to the isolation of four new oleanane-type saponins, lysimosides A-D (1-4) and one known compound, lysimachigenoside B (5). Their structures were elucidated using a combination of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D-NMR spectral data, chemical methods, and comparison with previous literature. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated against human lung cancer (A-549) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. All compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity against A-549 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 6.1 to 16.0 µM, comparable to the positive control, mitoxantrone. Interestingly, oleanane-type saponins with an acetyl group (2-4) exhibited increased cytotoxic activities compared to those without an acetyl group (1).

Hepatoprotective Lignan Glycosides from the Leaves and Stems of Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore.

This study investigates Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore leaves and stems, commonly known as Symplocos, a plant indigenous to Asia renowned for its traditional use in holistic medicine. A comprehensive phytochemical analysis of S. cochinchinensis led to the isolation of two new lignans, namely symplolignans A and B (1 and 2) along with eleven known lignan glucosides: nortrachelogenin 4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (3), nortracheloside (4), matairesinol 4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (5), lariciresinol 4'-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (6), balanophonin 4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (7), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (8), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol γ'-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (9), 3-(ß-D-glucopyranosyloxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-(2R,3S)-dihydrobenzofura (10), and pinoresinol 4'-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (11). Their chemical structures were elucidated using 1D- and 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry, and their spectroscopic data were compared with those reported in literatures. Furthermore, all compounds were evaluated for their hepatoprotective effects using the Resazurin reduction assay in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Compounds 1, 5, 7, and 8 exhibited notable hepatoprotective efficacy, with cell viability ranging from 105.0±2.6 to 109.2±3.3 at a concentration of 10 µM. This research highlights the therapeutic potential of these compounds and enhanced to the understanding of lignans and neolignans in liver cell proliferation.

Advances in glycosyltransferase-mediated glycodiversification of small molecules.

Currently, numerous glycosides have been synthesized and used in clinical applications, neutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food processing. Structurally, a glycoside is composed of aglycone attaching to one or several sugar moieties so-called glycone. It is found that biochemical or biopharmaceutical properties of glycoside are mainly determined by its sugar part and thereby alternation of this glycone resulting in novel structure and characteristics as well. The use of traditional production methods of glycosides such as direct extraction and purification from plants, animals, or microorganisms is very challenging (laborious, time-consuming, technique, high price, low yield, etc.). Alternatively, the use of enzymatic methods for the biosynthesis of glycosides has become a highly promising tool. Particularly, the diverse structure of glycosides can be obtained using the promiscuous catalytic activity of glycosyltransferases (GT) mined from bioresources (plants, fungi, microorganisms, etc.). In addition, the exploration of GT catalytic promiscuity toward diverse aglycones, and glycones has indeed been interesting and played a key role in the production of novel glycosides. This review described the recent advances in glycosyltransferase-mediated glycodiversification of small molecules (flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, etc.). Mostly, references were collected from 2014 to 2023.

Urinary incontinence after COVID-19 vaccination: a case study in an 8-year-old boy.

There have been many studies on the adverse effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines but the urinary incontinence after COVID-19 vaccination is rare. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy presented to outpatient department, Thai Binh University of Medicine Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam with complaints of urinary incontinence for the past 2 weeks, following the first dose of the messenger RNA vaccine. He had no other abnormalities in clinical and laboratory exams. This clinical situation suggested vaccine side effects. No specific treatment was administered upon diagnosis without toilet and bladder training. Subsequent monitoring revealed a gradual reduction in symptoms over 2 months, with complete recovery achieved at the 14th week from the onset of symptoms, without necessitating any medical intervention. This case highlights the need for thorough evaluation and assessment of potential adverse effects following vaccination, including uncommon presentations.

Alkaloids from Piper longum L and Their Anti-inflammatory Properties.

Piper longum L.(PL)  is considered one of the most important species traditionally used for treating various ailments and has indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. In this study, we isolated the chemical compounds of PLleaves,andmeasuredNO, IL-6, iNOS, as well as COX-2 protein levels. In addition, molecular docking analysis were used to further understand anti-inflammation effect of the compounds. We identified one new alkaloid named piperlongumine A (1) with ten known compounds (2-11). The new compound (1) and two other alkaloids 2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(pyrrol-1-yl)propanone (7) and piperchabamide A (8) significantlyreduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with the IC50 values of 0.97 ± 0.05 mM, 0.91 ± 0.07mM, 1.63 ± 0.14 mM, respectively. Moreover, at concentration of 2 mM, compound 1 inhibited approximately 98 ± 0.64 % of IL-6 secretion, and decreased  iNOS and COX-2 protein level by about 96 and 19 folds compared to LPS treatment alone, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 1, 7, and 8 were predicted to bind and inhibit IL-6, TNF-a, and iNOS, with compound 1 showing the highest binding energy of -7.09 kcal/mol. This study provides new insights for potential anti-inflammatory drug design and warrants further investigation.

New diterpene lactone derivatives from Aphanamixis polystachya leaves inhibit nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells.

Phytochemical studies on Aphanamixis plants have attracted considerable attention over the past few decades due to the structural diversities and significant biological activities of terpenoids produced by these plants. In the present study, five new acyclic diterpene lactone derivatives, aphanamixionolides A-E (1-5), and three known tirucallane-type triterpenes, namely, piscidinol A (6), hispidone (7), and bourjotinolone A (8), were isolated from the leaves of Aphanamixis polystachya. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic data and by comparison with those reported in the literature. Absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by experimental and TD-DFT calculated ECD spectra. Compounds 1-8 inhibited NO production with IC50 values of 10.2-37.7 µM, which are comparable to positive control l-NMMA (IC50: 31.5 µM).

Prevalence and associated factors of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Hue, Vietnam.

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most frequent vaginal infection affecting women of childbearing age worldwide. It is associated with significant adverse healthcare outcomes, especially during pregnancy. Although screening for BV could reduce potential pregnancy-related obstetric complications, there is no routine screening of pregnant women for BV in Vietnam. We aimed to identify the prevalence of BV among pregnant women and the associated factors in two tertiary hospitals in Hue, Vietnam. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 885 pregnant women in third trimester, who received routine antenatal care in the Hue Central Hospital and Hue University Hospital of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue city, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Gram-stained vaginal smears were used for calculating the Nugent score and recording the fungal elements. RESULTS: In total, 435 (49.1%) women had a normal BV score, 352 (39.8%) had intermediate vaginal microbiota, and 98 (11.1%) had BV. Among the 98 women with BV, 71 (72.4%) also had fungal infection. There was a significant association of BV with discharge (p = 0.004) and abnormal cervix (p = 0.014). BV was significantly more frequent among the women who reported previous abortion or miscarriage (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: About a tenth of women in Thua Thien Hue province have BV in the third trimester of pregnancy being associated with previous adverse outcome. Discharge with fishy odour is still a characteristic feature among subtle clinical presentations of BV. Better awareness about this disease and routine test-and-treat management during pregnancy may improve pregnancy outcome.

Oleanane-type saponins from Lysimachia laxa Baudo and their anti-bacterial activities.

Seven new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, lysimaponins A-G, were isolated from aerial parts of Lysimachia laxa Baudo. Their chemical structures have been elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-bacterial effects against Microcystis aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, V. vulinificus, V. cholerae, and V. alginolyticus. All compounds showed potent anti-bacterial activities against the cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa with IC50 values ranging from 14.4 ± 1.2 to 35.3 ± 2.2 µg/mL. Compounds 1, 2, 4-7 inhibited V. parahaemolyticus with MIC values ranging from 64 to 256 µg/mL. The results suggested that saponins from L. laxa could be potential anti-cyanobacteria agents.

Cybersecurity in radiology: Cautionary Tales, Proactive Prevention, and What to do When You Get Hacked.

To improve awareness and understanding of cybersecurity threats to radiology practice and better equip healthcare practices to manage cybersecurity risks associated with medical imaging, this article reviews topics related to cybersecurity in healthcare, with emphasis on common vulnerabilities in radiology operations. This review is intended to assist radiologists and radiology administrators who are not information technology specialists to attain an updated overview of relevant cybersecurity concepts and concerns relevant to safe and effective practice of radiology and provides a succinct reference for individuals interested in learning about imaging-related vulnerabilities in healthcare settings. As cybersecurity incidents have become increasingly common in healthcare, we first review common cybersecurity threats in healthcare and provide updates on incidence of healthcare data breaches, with emphasis on the impact to radiology. Next, we discuss practical considerations on how to respond to a healthcare data breach, including notification and disclosure requirements, and elaborate on a variety of technical, organizational, and individual actions that can be adopted to minimize cybersecurity risks applicable to radiology professionals and administrators. While emphasis is placed on specific vulnerabilities within radiology workflow, many of the preventive or mitigating strategies are also relevant to cybersecurity within the larger digital healthcare arena. We anticipate that readers, upon completing this review article, will gain a better appreciation of cybersecurity issues relevant to radiology practice and be better equipped to mitigate cybersecurity risks associated with medical imaging.

NaGdF4:Dy3+ nanocrystals: new insights into optical properties and energy transfer processes.

NaGdF4:Dy3+ nanocrystals (NCs) have been synthesized using a precipitation technique. The structural characteristics and morphology of the materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy images, respectively. The photoluminescence excitation spectra, emission spectra and decay curves of all samples were recorded at room temperature. The color feature of Dy3+ luminescence was estimated using CIE chromaticity coordinates and the correlated color temperature. The radiative properties of the Dy3+:4F9/2 level in the material were analyzed within the framework of JO theory. In NaGdF4:Dy3+ NCs, the energy transfer from Gd3+ to Dy3+ causes an enhancement in the luminescence of the Dy3+ ions. The rate of the processes taking part in the depopulation of Gd3+ ions was estimated. The energy transfer between Dy3+ ions leads to the luminescence quenching of NaGdF4:Dy3+. In this process, the dipole-dipole interaction, which is found by using the Inokuti-Hirayama model, is the dominant mechanism. The characteristic parameters of the energy transfer processes between Dy3+ ions have also been calculated in detail.

Exploring uterine involvement in hysterectomy samples following conization for adenocarcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix: Insights from a multicenter study by the FRANCOGYN group.

BACKGROUND: Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the cervix can progress to invasive adenocarcinoma. While hysterectomy is standard, conservative management may be considered for women desiring future pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of residual disease in hysterectomy specimens following excisional therapy with clear margins for AIS. METHODS: A retrospective FRANCOGYN cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent a hysterectomy after conization with clear margins for AIS between 2008 and 2021. The primary goal was to assess the prevalence of residual disease in the hysterectomy specimens. Secondary objectives included identifying preoperative predictors of residual disease and comparing recurrence rates between patients with and without residual disease. RESULTS: Of 53 hysterectomies performed after conization with negative margins for AIS, 20.8% (11/53) showed residual disease in the final histology. None of the patients had invasive cancer. In the residual disease group, 18% (2/11) had persistent CIN 3, and 82% (9/11) had persistent AIS. These patients tended to have higher BMI (27.5 kg/m² vs. 23.6 kg/m², p=0.04) and shorter endocervical margins (2mm vs. 5mm, p=0.01). No recurrences were observed during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Despite clear margins on the initial conization for AIS, 20% of patients had residual disease in their hysterectomy samples, though no invasive cancer was found. A hysterectomy should be considered after completing childbearing, even if initial margins are clear.

Early Impressions and Adoption of the AtriAmp for Managing Arrhythmias Following Congenital Heart Surgery.

AtriAmp is a new medical device that displays a continuous real-time atrial electrogram on telemetry using temporary atrial pacing leads. Our objective was to evaluate early adoption of this device into patient care within our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This is a qualitative study using inductive analysis of semi-structured interviews to identify dominant themes. The study was conducted in a single-center, tertiary, academic 21-bed mixed PICU. The subjects were PICU multidisciplinary team members (Pediatric Cardiac Intensivists, PICU Nurse Practitioners, PICU nurses and Pediatric Cardiologists) who were early adopters of the AtriAmp (n = 14). Three prominent themes emerged: (1) Accelerated time from arrhythmia event to diagnosis and treatment; (2) Increased confidence in the accuracy of providers' arrhythmia diagnosis; and (3) Improvement in the ability to educate providers about post-operative arrhythmias. Providers also noted some learning curves, but none compromised medical care or clinical workflow. Insights from early adopters of AtriAmp signal the need for simplicity and fidelity in new PICU technologies. Our research suggests that such technologies can be pivotal to the support and growth of multi-disciplinary teams, even among those who do not participate in early implementation. Further research is needed to understand when and why novel technology adoption becomes widespread in high-stakes settings.

Characterizing the Phan Rang Sheep: A First Look at the Y Chromosome, Mitochondrial DNA, and Morphometrics.

The Phan Rang sheep, considered the sole indigenous breed of Vietnam, are primarily concentrated in the two central provinces of Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan, with Ninh Thuan accounting for more than 90% of the country's sheep population. These provinces are known for their high temperatures and frequent droughts. The long-standing presence of the Phan Rang sheep in these regions suggests their potential resilience to heat stress-a trait of increasing interest in the face of global climate change. Despite the breed's significance, a critical knowledge gap hinders conservation and breeding programs. To address this, our study employed a two-pronged approach. First, we collected body conformational data to aid in breed identification. Second, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (D-loop) and Y chromosome markers (SRY and SRYM18) to elucidate the maternal and paternal lineages. Among the 68 Phan Rang sheep analyzed for their D-loop, 19 belonged to mitochondrial haplogroup A, while 49 belonged to haplogroup B. The haplogroups can be subdivided into 16 unique haplotypes. All 19 rams surveyed for their paternal lineages belonged to haplotypes H5 and H6. These findings strongly support the hypothesis of dual origins for the Phan Rang sheep. This study presents the first genetic data for the Phan Rang breed, providing crucial insights for future research and conservation efforts.

Toxic metals in rice among Asian countries: A review of occurrence and potential human health risks.

Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) pose significant health risks, particularly in Asia, where rice is a staple for nearly three billion people. Despite their known dangers and environmental prevalence, studies addressing their concentrations in rice across different regions and the associated health implications remain insufficient. This review systematically examines the occurrence and impact of these toxic elements, filling a critical gap in the literature. Data from seven countries indicate mean concentrations in the order of Pb > As>Cd, with values of 0.255 ± 0.013, 0.236 ± 0.317, and 0.136 ± 0.150 mg/kg, respectively. Uncertainty analysis shows extensive variability, especially for Cd, with a 95% confidence interval range from 0.220 to 0.992 mg/kg. The typical daily intake of heavy metals through rice consumption, in the order of As>Cd > Pb, frequently exceeds safe limits. Generally, data obtained from various studies showed that children were more prone to heavy metal contamination through rice consumption than adults. This review is fundamental for ongoing monitoring, future research, and management strategies to reduce heavy metal contamination in rice.

Thermoluminescence properties and new insights on the UV-vis absorption features of colorless quartz after γ-ray irradiation.

In this paper, we present the results of research on the thermoluminescence (TL) and optical absorption (OA) properties of colorless natural quartz (including natural quartz samples, sodium ion (Na+) rich samples (by diffusion), and alkali metal (M+) ion poor samples (by sweep)). In detail, the relationship between the TL glow peaks and the emission wavelength was determined. The dynamics parameters (E T, s, τ) have been computed for all TL peaks on the glow curve. The recombination mechanism electron-hole with the participation of the region energy has been determined for all electron traps in the temperature range of 50-430 °C through thermally stimulated conductivity measurement (TSC). Nonlinearity and approaching signal saturation are observed at doses above 22 Gy for the electron trap at 110 °C, above 45 Gy for the electron trap at 238 °C, and 80 Gy for the electron traps at 325 °C and 375 °C. The role of irradiation and heat treatment in the formation of absorption centers as well as the relationship of these centers to electronic traps have been also investigated in detail. The role of M+ ions and hydrogen ions (H+) for the absorption bands in the UV-vis region has been discussed. The results of the combination of the TL measurement and monochromatic light absorption according to temperature show that the TL process occurs concurrently with the reduction of the absorbent center produced in the irradiation process.

Modification of Hydrotalcite Loading Tannic Acid with Organic Silane and Application in Anticorrosive Epoxy Coating.

Metal corrosion is a challenge for the world with heavy impacts on the economy. Study on the development of effectiveness anticorrosion additives is a promising strategery for the protection industry. This research focuses on the modification of hydrotalcite Mg-Al (HT) loading tannic acid (TA) with 3-(trimethoxy silyl) propyl methacrylate organo-silane (TMSPM) for applicating as an anti-corrosion additive for epoxy coating on the steel substrate. The suitable ratio of HT and modifiers was investigated and the suitable content of modified HT in epoxy matrix was found based on mechanical properties of the epoxy-based coating. The characteristics of modified HT were assessed through infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), water contact angle (WCA), dynamic light scattering (DLS). Detailly, HT-TA3-S3 shows good stability in distilled water when HT/TA was modified with TMSPM which makes Zeta potential decreases significantly. Besides, SEM analysis presented HT-TA-S has a cylindrical shape about of 500 nm. Moreover, the crystallite size of HT/TA after being modified by TMSPM decreases sharply. All of these prove successfully synthesize HT loading TA with modified TMSPM. Water contact angle (WCA) decreases in case of loading TA and increases in case of modifying with TMSPM (WCA changed from HT (116.3°) to HT-TA (102.4°) and HT-TA-S (120.1°) which indicates the increased hydrophobicity of the sample. The obtained results showed HT/TA was modified successfully with TMSPM. The modification affected the size distribution and surface properties of HT nanoparticles while it did not impact on the crystal structure of HT. After incorporating modified HT/TA into the epoxy coating, the adhesion of coating to steel substrate was improved significantly. Consequently, the adhesion of epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA coating was increased 3 times as compared to epoxy neat (from 0.76 MPa to 2.77 MPa). In addition, the relative hardness and gloss retention of epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA coating reached the maximum values as compared to the others. Owing to salt spraying results, the epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA exhibited an excellent anticorrosion ability for the steel substrate. All the above results show the potential of HT nanoparticles loading TA modified with TMSPM as anticorrosive additives for protective coatings on steel substrates.

Algae-constructed wetland integrated system for wastewater treatment: A review.

Integrating algae into constructed wetlands (CWs) enhances wastewater treatment, although the results vary. This review evaluates the role of algae in CWs and the performance of different algae-CW (A-CW) configurations based on literature and meta-analysis. Algae considerably improve N removal, although their impact on other parameters varies. Statistical analysis revealed that 70 % of studies report improved treatment efficiencies with A-CWs, achieving average removal rates of 75 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 74 % for total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, and 79 % for total phosphorus (TP). This review identifies hydraulic retention times, which average 3.1 days, and their varied impact on treatment efficacy. Mixed-effects models showed a slight increase in COD and TP removal efficiencies of 0.6 % every ten days in the A-CWs. Future research should focus on robust experimental designs, adequate algal storage and separation techniques, and advanced modeling to optimize the treatment potential of algae in CWs.