Effect of exercise and antioxidant supplementation on cellular lipid peroxidation in elderly individuals: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The viewpoints of previous studies on the correlation between exercise and cellular lipid peroxidation are contradictory from many perspectives and lack evidence for elder individuals. A new systematic review with network meta-analysis is necessary and will have significant practical value to provide high-quality evidence in the development of exercise protocols and an evidence-based guide for antioxidant supplementation for the elderly. Aims: To identify the cellular lipid peroxidation induced by different types of exercise, with or without antioxidant supplementation, in elderly individuals. Methods: Randomized controlled trials that recruited elderly participants and reported cellular lipid peroxidation indicators and were published in peer-reviewed journals in English were searched by a Boolean logic search strategy and screened in the databases PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. The outcome measures were the biomarkers of oxidative stress in cell lipids in urine and blood, namely F2-isoprostanes, hydrogen peroxide (LOOH, PEROX, or LIPOX), malondialdehyde (MDA), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Result: 7 trials were included. A combination program of aerobic exercise (AE), low-intensity resistance training (LIRT), and a placebo intake (Placebo) and a combination program of aerobic exercise, low-intensity resistance training, and antioxidant supplementation (S) had the most and sub-most potential to dampen cellular lipid peroxidation (AE + LIRT + Placebo: 0.31 in Rank 1 and 0.2 in Rank 2; AE + LIRT + S: 0.19 in Rank 1 and 0.20 in Rank 2); A placebo intake (Placebo) and a blank intervention without exercise (NE) had the most and sub-most potential to induce an enhancement of cellular lipid peroxidation (Placebo: 0.51 in Rank 9 and 0.16 in Rank 8; NE: 0.16 in Rank 9 and 0.28 in Rank 8). All included studies had an unclear risk of selecting reporting. There were no high confidence ratings in all the direct and indirect comparisons, 4 comparisons in the direct evidence structure and 7 comparisons in the indirect evidence structure had moderate confidence. Conclusion: A combined protocol consisting of aerobic exercise and low-intensity resistance training is recommended to dampen cellular lipid peroxidation. Extra antioxidant supplementation might be unnecessary if an elderly individual has enough aerobic and resistance exercise. Systematic Review Registration: CRD42022367430.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with COVID-19-A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a well-established treatment for patients with chronic lung disease; however, its role in patients with COVID-19 has not been systematically studied. We provide a protocol outlining the methods and analyses that will be used in the systematic review. METHODS: The methodology of this systematic review protocol has been filed in PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42022301418. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and CNKI databases) will be searched from 2019 to 28 July 2022, using pre-determined search terms. Eligibility criteria will be defined using a PICOS framework. Pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life will be the primary outcomes. Quantitative findings will be narratively synthesized, whilst argument synthesis combined with refutational analysis will be employed to synthesize qualitative data. RESULTS: The results will be presented by both meta-analysis and qualitative analysis. CONCLUSION: This protocol describes what will be the first systematic review to conduct a worldwide assessment of the effect of PR in patients with COVID-19. Because this is a systematic review and meta-analysis, no ethical approval is needed. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated both electronically and in print.

Comparison of Five Expressions of Handgrip Strength for Predicting Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Chinese Middle-Aged Community Residents.

Objective: To compare the predictive performance of five handgrip strengths for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods: A total of 804 Chinese middle-aged community residents' health medical examinations were collected. The absolute handgrip strength was denoted as HGS. HGS/body weight (HGS/BW), HGS/body mass index (HGS/BMI), HGS/lean body mass (HGS/LBM), and HGS/muscle mass (HGS/MM) represented relative handgrip strength (RHGS). To assess predictive performance, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were constructed. Results: HGS was not associated with most CVD risk biomarkers; however, RHGS showed a negative correlation trend after controlling for covariates (sex, age, smoking, and exercise). HGS/BMI and HGS/BW had better AUCs for predicting CVD risk factors than HGS/LBM or HGS/MM. HGS/BMI and HGS/BW can successfully predict all CVD risk factors in men with AUCs 0.55-0.65; similarly, women may effectively predict arteriosclerosis, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and metabolic syndrome with AUCs 0.59-0.64, all p < 0.05. The optimal HGS/BW cut-off points for identifying different CVD risk factors were 0.59-0.61 in men and 0.41-0.45 in women, while the HGS/BMI were 1.75-1.79 in men and 1.11-1.15 in women. Conclusions: Almost all CVD risk biomarkers and CVD risk factors were unrelated to HGS. There is, however, a significant inverse relationship between RHGS and CVD risk factors. HGS/BMI or HGS/BW should be recommended to be the best choice for predicting the risk of CVD risk factors in five expressions of handgrip strength. We also acquired the recommended optimal cut-off points of HGS/BMI and HGS/BW for predicting CVD risk factors.

HLF/miR-132/TTK axis regulates cell proliferation, metastasis and radiosensitivity of glioma cells.

Glioma is a malignant cancer with high mortality. A key prognostic factor of glioma is radiosensitivity. It has also been known that microRNAs (miR) significantly contribute to the development of glioma. miR-132 has been previously reported to inhibit tumor growth in some cancers, but not well studied in glioma. It is necessary to understand the association between miR-132 and glioma, including miR-132 expression in glioma, effects of miR-132 on cancer metastasis and radiosensitivity, and the involved molecular mechanism. We first explored the expression levels of miR-132 in human normal and glioma tissues, then correlated the expression levels with different stages of glioma. Utilizing human glioma U87 cells, lentiviral transduction technique, luciferase reporter assay, wound healing assay, transwell invasion assay and clonogenic assay, we investigated the effects of hepatic leukemia factor (HLF), miR-132 and TTK protein kinase (TTK) on cancer cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and radiosensitivity. The expression of miR-132 was low in human glioma tissues, and the downregulated expression was associated with advanced glioma grades. HLF directly bound to the BS1 site of miR-132 promoter to enhance the expression of miR-132. HLF-mediated miR-132 was able to directly target and inhibit a downstream factor TTK, which had an oncogenic role. Overexpression of TTK could reverse the inhibitory effects of either miR-132 or HLF on cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and radioresistance. TTK acts as an oncogene in glioma. HLF-mediated miR-132 directly suppresses TTK expression, thus exerting inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and radioresistance.

High incidence of oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) associated with bovine mastitis in China.

Staphylococcus aureus is a main cause of bovine mastitis and a major pathogen affecting human health. The emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a significant concern for both animal health and public health. This study investigated the incidence of MRSA in milk samples collected from dairy cows with clinical mastitis and characterized the MRSA isolates using antimicrobial susceptibility tests and genetic typing methods. In total, 103 S. aureus isolates were obtained from dairy farms in 4 different provinces in China, including Gansu, Shanghai, Sichuan, and Guizhou. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of these isolates revealed that the resistance rates to penicillin and sulfamethoxazole were high, while the resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin were low. Among the 103 isolates, 49 (47.6%) were found to be mecA-positive, indicating the high incidence of MRSA. However, 37 of the 49 mecA-positive isolates were susceptible to oxacillin as determined by antimicrobial susceptibility assays and were thus classified as oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive S. aureus (OS-MRSA). These isolates could be misclassified as methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) if genetic detection of mecA was not performed. Molecular characterization of selected mecA-positive isolates showed that they were all negative with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), but belonged to different spa types and SCCmec types. These results indicate that OS-MRSA is common in bovine mastitis in China and underscore the need for genetic methods (in addition to phenotypic tests) to accurately identify MRSA.

[Corneal epithelial wound healing is delayed by platelet activating factor treatment].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of PAF in corneal epithelial wound healing and its mechanisms. METHODS: Rabbit corneal epithelial (RCE) and keratocyte (RCK) cells were cultured and used at passage 2 to 3. For the in vitro wound healing experiments, a 7 mm central corneal de-epithelialization was performed in rabbit corneas. Corneas were incubated in the presence of 100 nmol/L PAF; 4 micro mol/L of the PAF antagonist BN was added 30 min before PAF. The area of the cornea uncovered by the epithelium was measured after 48 h using an imaging system. Cell adhesion, proliferation and migration were analyzed using CyQUANT fluorescence binding assay and Boyden chamber respectively. RNA was extracted and RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses were performed using HGF, KGF, EGF and HGF-R primers and probes. RESULTS: Forty-eight hours after the wound, the uncovered area (in arbitrary units) for control corneas was (6.0 +/- 1.5) U. PAF dramatically inhibited corneal epithelial wound closure, and the uncovered area was (58.0 +/- 7.0) U. The PAF antagonist completely abolished the effect of PAF with values similar to controls (5.0 +/- 1.0) U. PAF significantly increased the cell adhesion among RCE cells, while at the concentration of 100 nmol/L, PAF had no effect on the proliferation and migration of RCE cells. RT-PCR results revealed that PAF at 100 nmol/L decreased the HGF mRNA expression 4.1 times in RCK and HGF-R 3.5 times in RCE at 24 h compared to control group, while PAF had no effect on the expression of KGF and EGF in RCE cells. Northern blot data confirmed these results. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that PAF causes significant delay of corneal epithelial wound healing. This effect may partially be due to the increased RCE cell adhesion and suppressed expression of HGF gene in RCK and HGF-R. The PAF antagonist BN can completely abolish the effect of PAF and enhance the corneal wound repair.