State of Dental Health and Management Needs of Young Hemophilic Patients: A Case-control Study.

Background: In particular, when it comes to systemic diseases like hemophilia, good dental health is crucial to a person's overall health and wellness. Through the means of this study, we aim to assess the prevalence of various dental anomalies in children suffering from hemophilia in comparison to healthy children and assess their treatment needs. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, case-control study with 400 subjects, 200 each in the study (hemophilic) and control (nonhemophilic) groups. The subjects' ages ranged from 5 to 15 years. Utilizing the oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), the state of oral hygiene was documented (OHI-S). Using decaying extracted filled tooth (DEFT) and decayed, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) for the primary and permanent dentition, respectively, teeth afflicted by dental caries and teeth restored/extracted as a result of dental caries were assessed. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 27.0) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Hemophilic people had a considerably greater incidence of dental caries. Furthermore, even though their DMFT/DEFT and OHI-S scores were barely poorer than those of healthy people, children with hemophilia had a significantly larger percentage of dental treatment needs across all age categories than the other group. Conclusion: The percentage of hemophilic children who needed dental treatment across different age groups was significantly higher than the other group, which supports our observations that the dental health status of hemophilic children was poor and treatment requirement was high among them as well. This is true even though the DMFT/DEFT scores and OHI-S scores in hemophilic children were only slightly worse than in healthy individuals. How to cite this article: Sharma S, Shahi AK, Chandra S, et al. State of Dental Health and Management needs of Young Hemophilic Patients: A Case-control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):380-387.

Assessment of Symptoms Associated with Temporomandibular Dysfunction and Bruxism among Elderly Population: An Epidemiological Survey.

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism among elderly population in Ranchi, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done on 600 elderly subjects; data regarding the signs and symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorder and bruxism were recorded using both structured questionnaire and clinical examination. Spearman correlation analysis was done to find the association between TMD and bruxism. RESULTS: Out of 600 subjects, 49% were males and 51% were females. The overall prevalence of TMD-related symptoms like temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, difficulty in jaw opening, TMJ sounds, and bruxism were 10.5, 11.2, 14, and 17% among elderly subjects. TMD symptoms and bruxism were relatively more commonly seen among females when compared to males. According to logistic regression (significantly correlated independent variables, i.e., TMD symptoms among analyzed variables), the dependent variable like bruxism had highest odds ratio, i.e., 8 for 60-70 years age-group and 15.1 for 70-80 year age-group. CONCLUSION: There was a lesser prevalence of symptoms related to TMD and bruxism among the study population, and bruxism had the highest odds ratio in TMD between the analyzed variables. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Human aging contributes too many oral problems, while resolving these, the felt needs of the population are sometimes ignored which adds up to the growing list of issues. Studies have shown inconclusive evidence regarding the prevalence of symptoms related to TMD and bruxism as these are known to trouble elderly populations.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking on buccal mucosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an issue all over the world, although it is particularly prevalent in the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. The genotoxic effects of smoking were reported to be associated with nucleus abnormalities such as micronuclei (MN), karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis, pyknosis, binucleates, broken eggs, condensed chromatin in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells, and was believed to be associated with apoptosis of cells and was not correlated to the exposure time. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cigarette and WTS on buccal mucosa. Materials and Methods: The pertinent search was done through the computerized literature on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PUBMED databases, which included case-control, clinical and observational studies regarding the mutagenic effects of cigarettes and WTS in oral tissues. The retraction of data in this study was undertaken from May 2010 to May 2022. A total of 60 articles from the search data were retrieved. This investigation was registered with the research center of Riyadh Elm University for institution review board approval (IRB) and obtained the IRB number "FRP/2021/448/733/707 and the systematic review registration number with respect to PROSPERO is 345417. Results: After the removal of duplicates, 32 were evaluated for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 32 articles, twenty studies were evaluated for cytogenetic abnormalities in buccal mucosal cells of waterpipe tobacco smokers (WTS) and cigarette smokers, and 12 were excluded. The mean MN levels in the oral tissues of WTS were more (1.94 ± 0.39) than in non-smokers (1.68 ± 0.35). Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that the MN count can be employed as a biomarker and preliminary signal for the identification of changes in oral mucosa among smokers, which develop towards cancer formation.

Retrospective Evaluation of Incidental Findings of Temporomandibular Joint Region in CBCT Scans.

AIM: The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of incidental findings (IFs) in the temporomandibular joint region in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,850 randomly selected scans were examined for IFs in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area. IFs of flattening of condyle, condylar hyperplasia, condylar hypoplasia, osteophyte, osteoarthritis, bifid condyle, subchondral pseudocyst, subchondral sclerosis, and soft tissue calcification were evaluated. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: A prevalence of 59.89% of IFs was noted in the present study. Flattening of the condyle was the most reported IF found in 369 (35.6%). Soft tissue calcifications were found in 294 (28.3%) and cysts in 143 (13.8%). When gender-wise distribution of TMJ IFs was evaluated, highly significant differences were noted between the gender for flattening of condyle, hyperplasia, and osteophytes at p <0.001. CONCLUSION: Dentists must critically evaluate CBCT images for evidence of IFs, so as to ensure comprehensive treatment package and early diagnosis of any disorders. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: CBCT in the recent times is widely used in dentistry for diagnostic purposes. It not only reveals a valuable diagnostic information of the intended site but also the region surrounding it. Findings obtained in the region beyond the intended site are described as IFs, which becomes important in determining an appropriate therapeutic plan. The study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of IFs in the temporomandibular joint region.

Safety of Fixed drug Combination in Post -Operative Cataract Patients, at Tertiary Care Centre - In South India.

INTRODUCTION: Cataract is any opacification in lens or its capsule, which accounts for about 50% of treatable blindness worldwide. The prevalence of cataract in India is about 62.6%. The incidence of post operative endophthalmitis ranges from 0.05% - 0.14% and so the use of post-operative antibiotics and steroids is necessary to control infection and prevent inflammation. Fixed drug combinations not only cut the cost but also the dosage and improve the compliance of patients in the immediate post operative period. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of studying the efficacy of using fixed drug combination (Difluprednate and Moxifloxacin) in reducing ocular inflammation and pain in post-operative patients undergoing cataract surgery. METHODOLOGY: Study design: Prospective interventional study, in which 749 eyes underwent SICS with IOL. All of them were treated with Difluprednate and Moxifloxacin, combination eye drops postoperatively 4 times a day, and reviewed on day 1, 5 and once in two weeks up to 6 weeks. RESULTS: Out of 749 eyes, 730 were normal, 10 eyes had minimal raise in IOP in the range of 21 mmHg-31mmHg (considering 21mmHg as baseline) which decreased without any intervention within 3 weeks and only 9 eyes had raise in IOP of more than 31mmHg, which did not decrease in spite of discontinuing the drops and needed anti-glaucoma treatment. CONCLUSION: Our study clearly shows that fixed drug combination of antibiotic and steroid does not cause raised IOP in about 97% of cases of SICS in the post-operative period and also improves the compliance of the patients.