RESUMO
BACKGROUND: American Indian and Alaska Native people (AI/AN) bear a disproportionate burden of diabetes. Growing evidence shows significant associations between several acute diabetes complications and dementia among diabetes patients. However, little is known about these relationships among AI/AN adults. Here, we aim to investigate these associations among AI/AN adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study extracted data from the Indian Health Service's (IHS) National Data Warehouse and related administrative databases. A total of 29,337 IHS actual users with diabetes who were 45+ years old during fiscal year 2013 were included. All-cause dementia and diabetes complications were identified using ICD-9 diagnostic codes. Negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate the associations of interest. RESULTS: Nearly 3% of AI/AN diabetes patients had a dementia diagnosis. After controlling for covariates, dementia was associated with a 94% higher rate of severe hypoglycemia (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR = 1.94, 95% CI:1.50-2.51), 52% higher rate of severe hyperglycemia (IRR = 1.52, 95% CI, 1.11-2.08), and 92% higher rate of any acute complication (IRR = 1.92, 95% CI:1.53-2.41). CONCLUSIONS: AI/AN diabetes patients with dementia suffered from considerably higher rates of acute diabetes complications than their counterparts without dementia. The clinical management of patients with comorbid diabetes and dementia is particularly challenging and may require individualized treatment approaches.
Assuntos
Nativos do Alasca , Demência , Complicações do Diabetes , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nativos do Alasca/estatística & dados numéricos , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca , Estudos Transversais , Demência/epidemiologia , Complicações do Diabetes/epidemiologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Suanzaoren decoction, as one of the traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, has been most commonly used in Asian countries and reported to inhibit the process of immunodeficiency insomnia. Polysaccharide is important component which also contributes to the role of immunoprotective and sedative hypnotic effects. This study was aimed to explore the immunoprotective and sedative hypnotic mechanisms of polysaccharide from Suanzaoren decoction by serum metabonomics approach. With this purpose, complex physical and chemical immunodeficiency insomnia models were firstly established according to its multi-target property. Serum samples were analyzed using UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS spectrometry approach to determine endogenous metabolites. Then, principal component analysis was used to distinguish the groups, and partial least squares discriminate analysis was carried out to confirm the important variables. The serum metabolic profiling was identified and pathway analysis was performed after the total polysaccharide administration. The twenty-one potential biomarkers were screened, and the levels were all reversed to different degrees in the total polysaccharide treated groups. These potential biomarkers were mainly related to vitamin, sphingolipid, bile acid, phospholipid and acylcarnitine metabolisms. The result has indicated that total polysaccharide could inhibit insomnia triggered by immunodeficiency stimulation through regulating those metabolic pathways. This study provides a useful approach for exploring the mechanism and evaluating the efficacy of total polysaccharide from Suanzaoren decoction.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/metabolismo , Fatores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Metaboloma/efeitos dos fármacos , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Análise por Conglomerados , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Masculino , Metabolômica , Polissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por MatrizRESUMO
A one-pot transition metal-free methodology for constructing pharmacologically active dibenzodiazepine derivatives was developed. Fluoro-, bromo- and nitro-substituted aryl aldehydes were applied to this reaction efficiently.
Assuntos
Benzodiazepinas/síntese química , Química Orgânica/métodos , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Aldeídos/química , Benzodiazepinas/química , Catálise , Desenho de Fármacos , Metais/química , Estrutura Molecular , Preparações Farmacêuticas/química , Temperatura , Elementos de TransiçãoRESUMO
A one-pot transition metal-free method for synthesizing benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]quinazoline and imidazo[1,2-a]quinazoline derivatives has been developed. The approach is widely applicable to 2-fluoro-, 2-chloro-, 2-bromo- and 2-nitro-substituted aryl aldehyde and ketone substrates. The fluorescence properties of target compounds were studied.
Assuntos
Benzimidazóis/síntese química , Quinazolinas/síntese química , Aldeídos/química , Benzimidazóis/química , Cetonas/química , Estrutura Molecular , Quinazolinas/químicaRESUMO
A transition metal-free methodology for the synthesis of pyridazinopyrido[3,2-f][1,4]thiazepine-diones was studied. The construction of this tricyclic system went through a one-pot coupling/Smiles rearrangement/cyclization process. The high yields of pure products were obtained through simple recrystallization.