Urinary incontinence in middle-aged and older women with hip and knee osteoarthritis: An outpatient study of frequency and risk factors.

AIMS: To investigate the frequency and the factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) in a sample of middle-aged and older women with lower limb osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Women aged 50 years or older with clinical hip/knee OA diagnoses were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Self-reported UI and type, sociodemographic characteristics, medical conditions, physical activity level, anthropometric and body composition measurements, muscle strength, and physical function were assessed. Uni and multivariable logistic regression were used to investigate the factors associated with UI. RESULTS: Among 100 middle-aged and older women (mean 67.27 ± 8.77 SD years), 67% reported UI. In the UI group, 33% reported stress UI, 36% reported urgency UI, and 31% reported mixed UI. In the univariate analysis, age, level of physical activity, pulmonary disease, number of medications, body mass index (BMI), number of deliveries, and activity limitation were significantly associated with UI. In the multivariable analysis, older age (60-69 years OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.25-19.36; ≥70 years OR: 8.06, 95% CI: 1.96-33.22), compared to 50-59 years, morbid obesity (OR: 14.10, 95% CI: 1.36-146.48), compared to BMI < 30 kg/m2 , and activity limitation (OR: 5.31, 95% CI: 1.61-17.54), assessed as short physical performance battery ≤8, remained significantly associated with UI. CONCLUSIONS: UI was highly frequent among middle-aged and older women with hip/knee OA. Older age, activity limitation, and morbid obesity were independently associated with UI. Interventions targeting physical function and weight management must be considered to prevent and treat UI in this population.

Determinantes sociodemográficos, antropométricos e alimentares de dislipidemia em pré-escolares / Sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary determinants of dyslipidemia in preschoolers

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os determinantes de dislipidemia em pré-escolares. MÉTODOS: A partir de um desenho transversal, foi avaliado um total de 227 pré-escolares com 5 anos de idade residentes em uma área urbana da cidade de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliados: variáveis bioquímicas, antropométricas, condição socioeconômica e comportamental, a partir de um questinário; e ingestão alimentar, a partir de um questionário de fequência de consumo de alimentos. Os padrões alimentares denominados "dieta mista", "fast food" e "não saudável" foram identificados por meio de análise de componentes principais. Os determinantes de dislipidemia foram examinados através da análise de regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de dislipidemia, neste estudo, foi de 65,19%. Os pré-escolares que consumiam com menos frequência alimentos do padrão "dieta mista" tiveram um risco maior de concentrações mais altas de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (PR = 2,30; p = 0,004), em comparação com aqueles com um consumo mais frequente do padrão "dieta mista". Os pré-escolares cujas mães apresentaram uma escolaridade mais baixa tiveram menor risco de concentrações mais altas de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (PR = 0,43; p = 0,003), e os pré-escolares que estavam com sobrepeso/obesos apresentaram maior risco de concentrações mais altas de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (PR = 2,23; p = 0,003). CONCLUSÃO: Os determinantes de dislipidemia identificados neste estudo foram o consumo menos frequente de alimentos do padrão "dieta mista", índice de massa corporal mais alto e um maior nível de escolaridade materna. Este estudo mostra que, apesar da baixa idade do grupo em estudo, já estão apresentando alta prevalência de dislipidemia, que é um fator de risco importante para doença cardiovascular.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the determinants of dyslipidemia in preschoolers. METHODS: A total of 227 preschoolers residing in an urban area of the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil were evaluated at age 5 years, using a cross-sectional design. Dietary intake from a food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric/biochemical parameters, and socioeconomic/behavioral information from a questionnaire were evaluated. 'Mixed diet', 'snack', and 'unhealthy' dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The determinants of dyslipidemia were examined using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study was 65.19%. Preschoolers who less frequently consumed foods in the 'mixed diet' dietary pattern had a higher risk of high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR = 2.30; p = 0.004) when compared with those with more frequent consumption of the 'mixed diet' dietary pattern. Preschoolers whose mothers had lower levels of education presented a lower risk of high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR = 0.43; p = 0.003), and preschoolers who were overweight/obese presented with greater risk of high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR = 2.23; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The determinants of dyslipidemia identified in this study were less frequent consumption of foods in the 'mixed diet' dietary pattern, higher body mass index, and higher level of maternal education. This study shows that despite the young age of the group under study, they already present a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary determinants of dyslipidemia in preschoolers.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the determinants of dyslipidemia in preschoolers. METHODS: A total of 227 preschoolers residing in an urban area of the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil were evaluated at age 5 years, using a cross-sectional design. Dietary intake from a food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric/biochemical parameters, and socioeconomic/behavioral information from a questionnaire were evaluated. 'Mixed diet', 'snack', and 'unhealthy' dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The determinants of dyslipidemia were examined using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study was 65.19%. Preschoolers who less frequently consumed foods in the 'mixed diet' dietary pattern had a higher risk of high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR=2.30; p=0.004) when compared with those with more frequent consumption of the 'mixed diet' dietary pattern. Preschoolers whose mothers had lower levels of education presented a lower risk of high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR=0.43; p=0.003), and preschoolers who were overweight/obese presented with greater risk of high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR=2.23; p=0.003). CONCLUSION: The determinants of dyslipidemia identified in this study were less frequent consumption of foods in the 'mixed diet' dietary pattern, higher body mass index, and lower level of maternal education. This study shows that despite the young age of the group under study, they already present a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections in preschoolers in a low socio-economic area, Diamantina, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among preschoolers and to identify the associated risk factors. METHODS: The study is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of children who were born and resident in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. At the time of the study, all children were aged 60 months ± five months. They were recruited after written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians. The study was carried out between July 2009 and July 2010. In total 214 children provided a stool sample for examination on intestinal parasitic infections. Information on potential risk factors for parasitosis was obtained from parents and guardians of the children by a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used for analysis. RESULTS: Intestinal parasitic infections were found in 27·5% (n = 59) of children. The boys' infection prevalence (26·1%, n = 36) was slightly lower than the infection prevalence of the girls (30·3%, n = 23), but not statistically different (p = 0·51). Fourteen children, (23·7%) were infected with two or more parasite species and forty-five (76·3%) with single parasites. A low per capita income of family was strongly associated with an increased risk for an infection (OR = 2·89; P = 0.003). Preschoolers whose mothers did not work outside home had a significantly lower risk for infection (OR = 0·41; p = 0·01). CONCLUSION: Intestinal parasite infection is a health problem among Diamantina preschoolers. Poverty was implicated as an important risk factor for infection, while the presence of the mother at home full-time was a protective factor.

Padrão alimentar de pré-escolares e fatores associados / Preschool children dietary patterns and associated factors

OBJETIVOS: Identificar padrões alimentares de pré-escolares e conhecer seus determinantes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal aninhado em uma coorte de nascidos entre os anos de 2004 e 2005 na cidade de Diamantina (MG). O instrumento utilizado para explorar os padrões alimentares foi um questionário de frequência de consumo alimentar. Foi utilizada análise fatorial de componentes principais para identificação dos padrões alimentares. Avaliaram-se ainda dados pessoais, socioeconômicos e medidas antropométricas de 232 pré-escolares no período entre julho de 2009 e julho de 2010. Os determinantes dos padrões alimentares foram identificados por meio da regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Três padrões foram obtidos, denominados de "dieta mista", "lanche" e "não saudável". Os pré-escolares filhos de mães com menor escolaridade têm mais chance (odds ratio - OR = 3,80; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% = 1,90-7,60) de consumir alimentos do padrão "dieta mista" e menor chance (OR = 0,31; IC95% = 0,15-0,61) de consumir alimentos do padrão "lanches", enquanto os de maior renda per capita têm mais chance de consumir alimentos do padrão "não saudável" (OR = 2,43; IC95% = 1,13-5,24). CONCLUSÃO: Foram identificados três padrões alimentares na população estudada, os quais foram determinados pelo nível de escolaridade materna e renda per capita.

OBJECTIVES: To identify dietary patterns in pre-school children and to investigate its determinants. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort born between 2004 and 2005 in the municipality of Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The instrument used to explore the dietary patterns was a frequency questionnaire for food consumption. Factor analysis was used for the identification of the dietary patterns. The study also assessed personal and socioeconomic data and anthropometric measurements of 232 preschoolers in the period between July 2009 and July 2010. The determinants of food patterns were identified by logistic regression. RESULTS: Three patterns were obtained, which were called: "mixed diet," "snack," and "unhealthy." The children of mothers with low education are more likely (odds ratio - OR = 3.80; confidence interval 95% - 95%CI = 1.90-7.60) to consume food from the "mixed diet" pattern, and less likely (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.15-0.61) to consume food from the "snack" pattern, while those with higher per capita income are more likely to consume food from the "unhealthy" pattern (OR = 2.43; 95%CI = 1.13-5.24). CONCLUSION: Three dietary patterns were identified in the studied population, which were determined by the level of maternal education and per capita income.

Preschool children dietary patterns and associated factors.

OBJECTIVES: To identify dietary patterns in pre-school children and to investigate its determinants. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort born between 2004 and 2005 in the municipality of Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The instrument used to explore the dietary patterns was a frequency questionnaire for food consumption. Factor analysis was used for the identification of the dietary patterns. The study also assessed personal and socioeconomic data and anthropometric measurements of 232 preschoolers in the period between July 2009 and July 2010. The determinants of food patterns were identified by logistic regression. RESULTS: Three patterns were obtained, which were called: "mixed diet," "snack," and "unhealthy." The children of mothers with low education are more likely (odds ratio - OR = 3.80; confidence interval 95% - 95%CI = 1.90-7.60) to consume food from the "mixed diet" pattern, and less likely (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.15-0.61) to consume food from the "snack" pattern, while those with higher per capita income are more likely to consume food from the "unhealthy" pattern (OR = 2.43; 95%CI = 1.13-5.24). CONCLUSION: Three dietary patterns were identified in the studied population, which were determined by the level of maternal education and per capita income.

Perfil lipídico e excesso de peso em escolares / Lipid profile and weight excess among school children

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil lipídico de 603 escolares de instituições de ensino fundamental e médio no município de Barbacena-MG e a associação com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência de cintura (CC). Metodologia: foram determinados valores séricos de colesterol total, de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LD L-c), alta densidade (H D L-c), triacilgliceróis (TG), IMC e CC. A avaliação do perfil lipídico seguiu critérios propostos pela III Diretrizes Brasileiras sobre Dislipidemias. A condição de sobrepeso e obesidade foi estabelecida entre os escolares por meio do IMC e este foi classificado segundo critérios de Cole et al.14. Os dados foram analisados por correlação bivariada utilizando-se o teste t de "Student" para as variáveis quantitativas e o de qui-quadrado para analisar as associações entre as variáveis qualitativas. Resultados: a hipercolesterolemia esteve presente em 40,29 por cento da amostra, a hipertrigliceridemia em 12,43 por cento, o LD L-c elevado em 6,62 por cento e os níveis de H D L-c foram adequados para todos os escolares. O percentual de excesso de peso encontrado foi de 13,59 por cento , sendo 11,94 por cento de sobrepeso e 1,65 por cento de obesidade. A circunferência da cintura (CC) e o IMC não tiveram associação estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) com dislipidemia. Conclusão: os resultados revelaram elevada prevalência de dislipidemia nos escolares, cujos índice de massa corporal e circunferência de cintura não foram associados a tal problema.