[Relationship between air temperature and dengue incidence: time series study in Minas Gerais, Brazil (2010-2019)]. / Relação entre temperatura do ar e incidência de dengue: estudo de séries temporais em Minas Gerais, Brasil (2010-2019).

Air temperature is a climatic factor that affects the incidence of dengue, with effects varying according to time and space. We investigated the relationship between minimum air temperature and dengue incidence in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and evaluated the influence of socioeconomic and geographic variables on this relationship. This is a time series study with analysis conducted in three distinct stages: modeling using a distributed lag non-linear model, meta-analysis of models obtained, and meta-regression with geographic and socioeconomic data. Minimum temperature was a protective factor at extreme cold temperatures (RR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.56-0.76) and moderate cold temperatures (RR = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.64-0.79), and a risk factor at moderate hot temperatures (RR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.07-1.24), but not at extreme hot temperatures (RR = 1.1; 95%CI: 0.99-1.22). Heterogeneity of the models was high (I2 = 60%), which was also observed in meta-regression. Moderate and extreme cold temperatures have a protective effect, while moderate hot temperatures increase the risk. However, minimum air temperature does not explain the variability in the region, not even with the other variables in meta-regression.

A temperatura do ar é um fator climático que afeta a incidência da dengue, com efeitos variando conforme o tempo e o espaço. Investigamos a relação entre a temperatura mínima do ar e a incidência da doença em Minas Gerais, Brasil, e avaliamos a influência de variáveis socioeconômicas e geográficas nessa relação, calculando-se o risco relativo (RR). Este é um estudo de série temporal com análise conduzida em três etapas distintas: modelagem por uso de distributed lag non-linear model (modelos não-lineares distributivos com defasagem), metanálise dos modelos obtidos e metarregressão com dados geográficos e socioeconômicos. A temperatura mínima foi um fator de proteção quando em temperaturas frias extremas (RR = 0,65; IC95%: 0,56-0,76) e moderadas (RR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,64-0,79) e fator de risco em temperaturas de calor moderado (RR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,07-1,24), mas não em extremo (RR = 1,1; IC95%: 0,99-1,22). A heterogeneidade dos modelos foi elevada (I2 = 60%) e essa medida não foi alterada em metarregressão. Temperaturas frias moderadas e extremas causam efeito protetivo, enquanto moderadas quentes aumentam o risco. No entanto, a temperatura mínima do ar não explica nem a variabilidade da região, nem mesmo com as outras variáveis em metarregressão.

La temperatura del aire es un factor climático que afecta la incidencia del dengue, con efectos que varían según el tiempo y el territorio. Investigamos la relación entre la temperatura mínima del aire y la incidencia de la enfermedad en Minas Gerais, Brasil, y evaluamos la influencia de variables socioeconómicas y geográficas en esta relación. Se trata de un estudio de serie temporal cuyo análisis se realiza en tres etapas distintas: modelación mediante el uso de distributed lag non-linear model (modelos distributivos no lineales con retraso), metaanálisis de los modelos obtenidos y metarregresión con datos geográficos y socioeconómicos. La temperatura mínima fue un factor de protección ante temperaturas extremadamente frías (RR = 0,65; IC95%: 0,56-0,76) y moderadas (RR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,64-0,79) y factor de riesgo en temperaturas de calor moderado (RR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,07-1,24), pero no en extremo (RR = 1,1; IC95%: 0,99-1,22). La heterogeneidad de los modelos fue alta (I2 = 60%), y esta medida no se modificó en la metarregresión. Las temperaturas frías moderadas y extremas tienen un efecto protector, mientras que las temperaturas moderadamente altas aumentan el riesgo. Sin embargo, la temperatura mínima del aire no explica la variabilidad de la región, ni siquiera con las demás variables en metarregresión.

Spatial analysis of care for patients undergoing dialysis therapy in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2015 and 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial flow of care for patients undergoing dialysis therapy in the health regions of the State of Minas Gerais. METHODS: Ecological study whose population was patients undergoing dialysis therapy in public, philanthropic institutions or whose treatment was paid for by the Unified Health System in private clinics in partnership, in the State of Minas Gerais. Patients were grouped by health region of residence. The proportions of patients who underwent dialysis were calculated, as well as enrollment on the kidney transplant list in their own region of residence or outside it. Person correlations of these proportions with socioeconomic and care indicators of the health regions were estimated. Spatial exploratory techniques estimated general (Moran's I) and local (LISA) spatial correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Regions with higher GDP had a higher number of nephrologists and a higher proportion of registrations in the region of residence. A cluster of regions with low GDP was identified further to the northeast of the State (also with lower nephrologist ratio values), a cluster with a high proportion of those registered on the transplant list in the center of the State, and a cluster with a low proportion of dialysis in the same region of residence further southeast. CONCLUSION: Regional disparities were evident in relation to the proportion of patients registered on the waiting list for kidney transplantation, the proportion of patients undergoing dialysis in the same region of residence and the proportion of patients registered on the waiting list for kidney transplantation in the same region of residence. residence.

Spatial analysis of care for patients undergoing dialysis therapy in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2015 and 2019 / Análise espacial da assistência a pacientes em terapia dialítica no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre 2015 e 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial flow of care for patients undergoing dialysis therapy in the health regions of the State of Minas Gerais. Methods: Ecological study whose population was patients undergoing dialysis therapy in public, philanthropic institutions or whose treatment was paid for by the Unified Health System in private clinics in partnership, in the State of Minas Gerais. Patients were grouped by health region of residence. The proportions of patients who underwent dialysis were calculated, as well as enrollment on the kidney transplant list in their own region of residence or outside it. Person correlations of these proportions with socioeconomic and care indicators of the health regions were estimated. Spatial exploratory techniques estimated general (Moran's I) and local (LISA) spatial correlation coefficients. Results: Regions with higher GDP had a higher number of nephrologists and a higher proportion of registrations in the region of residence. A cluster of regions with low GDP was identified further to the northeast of the State (also with lower nephrologist ratio values), a cluster with a high proportion of those registered on the transplant list in the center of the State, and a cluster with a low proportion of dialysis in the same region of residence further southeast. Conclusion: Regional disparities were evident in relation to the proportion of patients registered on the waiting list for kidney transplantation, the proportion of patients undergoing dialysis in the same region of residence and the proportion of patients registered on the waiting list for kidney transplantation in the same region of residence. residence.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o fluxo espacial da assistência de pacientes em terapia dialítica nas regionais de saúde do estado de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo ecológico que teve como população pacientes incidentes em terapia dialítica em instituições públicas, filantrópicas ou que tiveram seu tratamento custeado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em clínicas privadas conveniadas, no estado de Minas Gerais. Os pacientes foram agregados por regional de saúde de residência. Foram calculadas as proporções de pacientes que fizeram diálise, bem como a inscrição na lista de transplante renal em sua própria região de residência ou fora dela. Estimadas as correlações de Person destas proporções com indicadores socioeconômicos e assistenciais das regionais de saúde. Técnicas exploratórias espaciais estimaram coeficientes de correlação espacial geral (I de Moran) e local (LISA). Resultados: Regiões com maior PIB apresentaram maior razão de nefrologistas e maior proporção de inscrições na própria região de residência. Identificou-se um cluster de regiões com PIB baixo mais ao nordeste do estado (também com valores mais baixos de razão de nefrologistas), um cluster de alta proporção de inscritos na lista de transplante no centro do estado, e um cluster de baixa proporção de diálise na mesma região de residência mais ao sudeste. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se disparidades regionais em relação à proporção de inscritos na lista de espera para o transplante renal, proporção de pacientes que realizavam diálise na mesma região de residência e proporção de pacientes inscritos na lista de espera para o transplante renal na mesma região de residência.

Mortalidade e carga do câncer de laringe atribuíveis aos riscos ocupacionais no Brasil: estudo da Carga Global de Doença, 2019 / Laryngeal cancer mortality and burden attributable to occupational risks in Brazil: 2019 Global Burden of Disease

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a mortalidade e os anos de vida ajustados pela incapacidade disability-adjusted life years - DALYs) para câncer de laringe no Brasil atribuíveis a fatores de risco ocupacionais e comportamentais. Métodos: estudo ecológico com dados do estudo Global Burden of Disease 2019. Foram obtidas taxas de mortalidade e de DALYs para o câncer de laringe atribuíveis aos riscos ocupacionais (ácido sulfúrico e amianto) e comportamentais (tabaco e álcool), de 1990 e 2019. Resultados: no Brasil, em 2019, a taxa de mortalidade por câncer de laringe atribuível aos riscos ocupacionais (ácido sulfúrico e amianto) foi 0,28 (II95%: 0,17;0,43) no sexo masculino e 0,03 (II95%: 0,02;0,04) no feminino, e a de DALYs foi 7,33 (II95%: 4,28;11,44) e 0,64 (II95%: 0,35;0,03), respectivamente. O ácido sulfúrico foi o principal risco ocupacional para a doença. Houve redução das taxas atribuíveis ao tabaco (mortalidade:-45,83%; DALYs:-47,36%) e aos riscos ocupacionais (mortalidade:-23,20%; DALYs:-26,31%), no Brasil, com aumento em alguns estados das regiões Norte e Nordeste. Conclusão: houve redução na mortalidade e na carga do câncer de laringe atribuível aos fatores ocupacionais no período, porém menor em comparação ao tabagismo, reforçando a importância de ações para reduzir o impacto dos riscos ocupacionais, como as medidas regulatórias aplicadas ao tabaco.

Abstract Objective: to describe mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational and behavioral risk factors in Brazil. Methods: this is an ecological study with data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease. Mortality and DALY rates for laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational (sulfuric acid and asbestos) and behavioral (tobacco and alcohol) risks were obtained from 1990 and 2019. Results: in 2019, the mortality rate from laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational hazards (sulfuric acid and asbestos) totaled 0.28 (95%UI: 0.17; 0.43) and 0.03 (95%UI: 0.02; 0.04), whereas and DALY rates, 7.33 (95%UI: 4.28; 11.44) and 0.64 (95%UI: 0.35; 0.03) in men and women in Brazil, respectively. Sulfuric acid configured the main occupational risk for the disease. The rates attributable to tobacco (mortality: −45.83%; DALYs: −47.36%) and occupational hazards (mortality: −23.20%; DALYs: −26.31%) decreased in Brazil but increased in some Northern and Northeastern states. Conclusion: laryngeal cancer mortality and burden attributable to occupational factors decreased in the period (although less than that for smoking), reinforcing the importance of actions to reduce the impact of occupational risks, such as the regulatory measures applied to tobacco.

Relação entre temperatura do ar e incidência de dengue: estudo de séries temporais em Minas Gerais, Brasil (2010-2019) / Relationship between air temperature and dengue incidence: time series study in Minas Gerais, Brazil (2010-2019) / Relación entre la temperatura del aire y la incidencia del dengue: estudio de series temporales en Minas Gerais, Brasil (2010-2019)

Resumo A temperatura do ar é um fator climático que afeta a incidência da dengue, com efeitos variando conforme o tempo e o espaço. Investigamos a relação entre a temperatura mínima do ar e a incidência da doença em Minas Gerais, Brasil, e avaliamos a influência de variáveis socioeconômicas e geográficas nessa relação, calculando-se o risco relativo (RR). Este é um estudo de série temporal com análise conduzida em três etapas distintas: modelagem por uso de distributed lag non-linear model (modelos não-lineares distributivos com defasagem), metanálise dos modelos obtidos e metarregressão com dados geográficos e socioeconômicos. A temperatura mínima foi um fator de proteção quando em temperaturas frias extremas (RR = 0,65; IC95%: 0,56-0,76) e moderadas (RR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,64-0,79) e fator de risco em temperaturas de calor moderado (RR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,07-1,24), mas não em extremo (RR = 1,1; IC95%: 0,99-1,22). A heterogeneidade dos modelos foi elevada (I2 = 60%) e essa medida não foi alterada em metarregressão. Temperaturas frias moderadas e extremas causam efeito protetivo, enquanto moderadas quentes aumentam o risco. No entanto, a temperatura mínima do ar não explica nem a variabilidade da região, nem mesmo com as outras variáveis em metarregressão.

Abstract Air temperature is a climatic factor that affects the incidence of dengue, with effects varying according to time and space. We investigated the relationship between minimum air temperature and dengue incidence in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and evaluated the influence of socioeconomic and geographic variables on this relationship. This is a time series study with analysis conducted in three distinct stages: modeling using a distributed lag non-linear model, meta-analysis of models obtained, and meta-regression with geographic and socioeconomic data. Minimum temperature was a protective factor at extreme cold temperatures (RR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.56-0.76) and moderate cold temperatures (RR = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.64-0.79), and a risk factor at moderate hot temperatures (RR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.07-1.24), but not at extreme hot temperatures (RR = 1.1; 95%CI: 0.99-1.22). Heterogeneity of the models was high (I2 = 60%), which was also observed in meta-regression. Moderate and extreme cold temperatures have a protective effect, while moderate hot temperatures increase the risk. However, minimum air temperature does not explain the variability in the region, not even with the other variables in meta-regression.

Resumen La temperatura del aire es un factor climático que afecta la incidencia del dengue, con efectos que varían según el tiempo y el territorio. Investigamos la relación entre la temperatura mínima del aire y la incidencia de la enfermedad en Minas Gerais, Brasil, y evaluamos la influencia de variables socioeconómicas y geográficas en esta relación. Se trata de un estudio de serie temporal cuyo análisis se realiza en tres etapas distintas: modelación mediante el uso de distributed lag non-linear model (modelos distributivos no lineales con retraso), metaanálisis de los modelos obtenidos y metarregresión con datos geográficos y socioeconómicos. La temperatura mínima fue un factor de protección ante temperaturas extremadamente frías (RR = 0,65; IC95%: 0,56-0,76) y moderadas (RR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,64-0,79) y factor de riesgo en temperaturas de calor moderado (RR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,07-1,24), pero no en extremo (RR = 1,1; IC95%: 0,99-1,22). La heterogeneidad de los modelos fue alta (I2 = 60%), y esta medida no se modificó en la metarregresión. Las temperaturas frías moderadas y extremas tienen un efecto protector, mientras que las temperaturas moderadamente altas aumentan el riesgo. Sin embargo, la temperatura mínima del aire no explica la variabilidad de la región, ni siquiera con las demás variables en metarregresión.

Effects of air temperature on the risk of death from COPD in major microregions in Brazil: a time series study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the risk of death from COPD and air temperature events in ten major Brazilian microregions. METHODS: This was a time series analysis of daily COPD deaths and daily mean air temperatures between 1996 and 2017. Using distributed nonlinear lag models, we estimated the cumulative relative risks of COPD mortality for four temperature percentiles (representing moderate and extreme cold and heat events) in relation to a minimum mortality temperature, with a lag of 21 days, in each microregion. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between extreme air temperature events and the risk of death from COPD in the southern and southeastern microregions in Brazil. There was an association of extreme cold and an increased mortality risk in the following microregions: 36% (95% CI, 1.12-1.65), in Porto Alegre; 27% (95% CI, 1.03-1.58), in Curitiba; and 34% (95% CI, 1.19-1.52), in São Paulo; whereas moderate cold was associated with an increased risk of 20% (95% CI, 1.01-1.41), 33% (95% CI, 1.09-1.62), and 24% (95% CI, 1.12-1.38) in the same microregions, respectively. There was an increased COPD mortality risk in the São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro microregions: 17% (95% CI, 1.05-1.31) and 12% (95% CI, 1,02-1,23), respectively, due to moderate heat, and 23% (95% CI, 1,09-1,38) and 32% (95% CI, 1,15-1,50) due to extreme heat. CONCLUSIONS: Non-optimal air temperature events were associated with an increased risk of death from COPD in tropical and subtropical areas of Brazil.

Age-Period-Cohort Study of Breast Cancer Mortality in Brazil in State Capitals and in Non-Capital Municipalities from 1980 to 2019.

Breast cancer was identified as the cancer with the highest mortality rate among women in Brazil. This study analyzed the effects of age, period and birth cohort on the breast cancer mortality rate for Brazilian women, comparing state capitals and non-capital municipalities. Population and deaths data were extracted from the Brazilian Unified Health System database for women aged 30 years or older, for the years between 1980 and 2019. The effects were analyzed using the age-period-cohort model. Age effect on breast cancer mortality is observed in the model through higher mortality rates at older ages. Period effect is similar in all regions in the form of a marked increase in the rate ratio (RR) in non-capital municipalities by period than in state capitals. The RR of birth cohorts in the state capitals remained stable (north, northeast and central-west regions) or decreased followed by an increase in the most recent cohorts (Brazil as a whole and the southeast and south regions). The RR for the other municipalities, however, showed a progressive increase in the cohorts for all regions. Policies and actions focused on breast cancer in women should consider these differences among Brazilian regions, state capitals and other municipalities.

Breast cancer survival and the health system in Brazil: an analysis of public and private healthcare.

Background: The incidence of breast cancer is increasing globally; however, survival outcomes vary and are lower in developing countries. Methods: We analyzed the 5- and 10-year survival rates for breast cancer according to the type of healthcare insurance (public vs. private) in a referral center for cancer care in the Brazilian southeast region. This hospital-based cohort study included 517 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2005. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the probability of survival, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess prognostic factors. Results: The 5- and 10-year breast cancer survival rates were as follows: private healthcare service survival rate of 80.6% (95% CI 75.0-85.0) and 71.5% (95% CI 65.4-77.1), respectively, and public healthcare service survival rate of 68.5% (95% CI 62.5-73.8) and 58.5% (95% CI 52.1-64.4), respectively. The main factors associated with the worst prognosis were lymph node involvement in both healthcare services and tumor size >2 cm only in public health services. The use of hormone therapy (private) and radiotherapy (public) was associated with the best survival rates. Conclusions: The survival discrepancies found between health services can be explained mainly by the difference in the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, indicating inequalities in access to the early detection of breast cancer.

Factors associated with women diagnosed with syphilis who received prenatal care in a primary healthcare unit.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of syphilis and its associated factors in women who were treated at public maternity hospitals and received prenatal care in a primary healthcare unit. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 399 postpartum women. Interviews were conducted, and additional data were extracted from the pregnant woman's booklet, medical records, and printed tests. The dependent variable was a gestational syphilis diagnosis. The independent variables were grouped into socioeconomic and demographic, behavioral, reproductive, and prenatal blocks. The prevalence, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The χ 2 test was also performed (p≤0.05). Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence of gestational syphilis was 9.61% (95%CI: 7.14-12.83). We identified the following determining factors (adjusted prevalence ratios): history of sexually transmitted infections (2.3), first sexual intercourse by the age of 15 (2.42), partner having a history of syphilis (5.98), partner using crack/cocaine (6.42) and marijuana and others (3.02), not having a partner (3.07), low income (2.85), history of stillbirth (5.21), beginning prenatal care in the third trimester (3.15), and prenatal care received in a primary healthcare unit (without a Family Health Strategy team) (0.35). CONCLUSION: Individual and prenatal factors were associated with gestational syphilis. To control congenital syphilis, targeted interventions are needed to control syphilis in the adult population including expansion of access to quality prenatal care with identification of risks for syphilis and connection between prevention and treatment actions, implementation of strategies focused on early sexual education, effective establish prenatal care involving both partners, and effective implementation of the National Men's Health Policy (PNAISH - Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde dos Homens ).

Frequency and factors associated with delay in breast cancer treatment in Brazil, according to data from the Oncology Panel, 2019-2020.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze treatment delay and the flow of care for women with breast cancer in Brazil in 2019 and 2020. METHOD: this was a follow-up study of breast cancer cases available from the Oncology Panel; a chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression were performed in order to analyze the explanatory variables associated with delay (greater than 60 days) in starting treatment. RESULTS: 22,956 cases (54.5%) with delay in treatment were identified in 2019 and 17,722 (48.7%) in 2020; the Southeast region (54.6%) had the greatest proportion of delay; delay was greater when treatment was provided outside the municipality of residence and lower in 2020 compared to 2019; most outward flows were to the capital cities in the same Federative Units of residence. CONCLUSION: strategies to reduce cancer treatment delay and optimize health care networks in the Federative Units should be prioritized.

Double screening for syphilis and HIV in pregnant women in a priority municipality for the elimination of vertical transmission in Brazil: incidence, risk factors and spatial analysis.

BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) recommends double screening (DS) for syphilis and HIV during the first and third trimesters of antenatal care (ANC) to mitigate vertical transmission. We surveyed DS outcomes and their associated factors in a priority Brazilian municipality with >100 000 inhabitants who face challenges for both health problems. METHODS: A total of 399 women were followed up throughout pregnancy using medical records. Spatial and multinomial logistic analyses were performed. RESULTS: There was an incidence rate of 24.8%, 59.4% and 15.8% for 'full DS', 'partial DS' and 'without DS', respectively. Younger women and those with a history of both prematurity and multiparity were less likely to be in the 'full DS' category. There was an overlap of high-density clusters of 'full DS' and 'ANC in better quality basic health units', adherent to both the Family Health Strategy and the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care. CONCLUSIONS: The poor DS outcomes presented in 75% of the cases were mostly linked to delays in starting ANC appointments or their discontinuity. Thus, the MoH recommendations, accompanied by ongoing training, technical assistance and the periodic evaluation of their implementation, need to effectively reach providers and promote counseling and awareness about the importance of DS for pregnant women.

Construção de um Dashboard para Análise dos Dados de Câncer na Macrorregião de Saúde do Sudeste de Minas Gerais / Construction of a Dashboard for the Analysis of Cancer Data in the Southeast Health Macroregion of Minas Gerais / Construcción de un Dashboard para el Análisis de Datos de Cáncer en la Macrorregión de Salud del Sudeste de Minas Gerais

Introdução: Dashboards são ferramentas interativas de visualização de dados que simplificam grandes quantidades de informações. No contexto da saúde, eles são utilizados em diversas situações como em dados relativos ao câncer no país, ainda que, normalmente, haja disponibilidade somente para análise de Estados e Capitais. Objetivo: Descrever a construção de um dashboard relacionado ao câncer na Macrorregião de Saúde Sudeste de Minas Gerais (MSSMG). Método: Construção passo a passo de um dashboard com uso de código aberto e sua utilização para análise descritiva de dados relacionados à mortalidade por neoplasias malignas e exames de triagem para o câncer de mama e do colo do útero na MSSMG entre os anos de 2010-2019. Resultados: Foi produzido um dashboard com dados oficiais sobre a mortalidade por câncer, cobertura de exames preventivos e variáveis socioeconômicas, que permite uma análise extensa sobre o tema na Região. Com o uso dessa ferramenta, verificou-se que a mortalidade por câncer entre homens é elevada e o câncer de pulmão foi a principal causa de morte. Ainda foi possível analisar visualmente a distribuição espacial da taxa de mortalidade padronizada e da cobertura média do período dos exames de citologia do colo do útero e da mamografia. Conclusão: Criação de um dashboard abrangente sobre câncer na MSSMG e compartilhamento dos resultados obtidos. O painel demonstrou versatilidade ao simplificar processos estatísticos e visualizações, facilitando a formulação de ideias, hipóteses, e oferecendo informações claras e intuitivas

Introduction: Dashboards are interactive data visualization tools that simplify large amounts of information. In the context of health, they are used in different settings, such as cancer related data in the country, although, usually, only analyzes of States and Capitals are available. Objective: Describe the construction of a cancer-related dashboard in the Southeast Health Macroregion of Minas Gerais (MSSMG). Method:Step-by-step study of the construction of an open-source code dashboard and its utilization for descriptive analysis of data related to mortality by malignant neoplasms and breast and cervical cancer screening in MSSMG between 2010 and 2019. Results: A dashboard was produced with official data on cancer mortality, coverage of preventive exams and socioeconomic assessment, which allows an extensive analysis for the region. Higher mortality by cancer in men was found with the utilization of this tool, and that lung cancer was the main cause of death. It was also possible to visually analyze the spatial distribution of the standardized mortality rate and the mean coverage of cervical cytology and mammography exams in the period. Conclusion: Creation of a comprehensive dashboard on cancer at MSSMG and sharing the results. The panel has been shown to be versatile by simplifying statistical processes and visualization, facilitating the formulation of ideas, possibilities and offering clear and intuitive information

Introducción: Dashboards son herramientas interactivas de visualización de datos que simplifican grandes cantidades de información. En el ámbito de la salud, se utilizan en diferentes contextos, como datos relacionados con el cáncer en el país, aunque, normalmente, solo se dispone de análisis de Estados y Capitales. Objetivo: Exponer la construcción de un panel de control relacionado con el cáncer en la Macrorregión de salud del Sudeste de Minas Gerais (MSSMG). Método: Construcción paso a paso de un dashboard usando código abierto y el uso de esta herramienta para el análisis descriptivo de datos relacionados con la mortalidad por neoplasias malignas y los exámenes de detección de cáncer de mama y cuello uterino en la MSSMG entre los años 2010-2019. Resultados: Se elaboró un dashboard con datos oficiales de mortalidad por cáncer, cobertura de exámenes preventivos y evaluaciones socioeconómicas, que permite un análisis amplio sobre el tema en la región. Con el uso de esta herramienta se percibió que existe una mayor mortalidad por cáncer entre los hombres y que el cáncer de pulmón fue la principal causa de muerte. También fue posible analizar visualmente la distribución espacial de la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada y la cobertura media del período de los exámenes de citología cervical y mamografía. Conclusión: Creación de un dashboard integral sobre cáncer en la MSSMG y intercambio de los resultados obtenidos. El panel demostró versatilidad al simplificar procesos estadísticos y visualizaciones, facilitando la formulación de ideas, posibilidades y ofreciendo información clara e intuitiva.Palabras clave: epidemiología; neoplasias; análisis espacial; salud pública; registros de mortalidad

Frequência e fatores associados ao atraso para o tratamento do câncer de mama no Brasil, segundo dados do PAINEL-Oncologia, 2019-2020 / Frecuencia y factores asociados al retraso en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama en Brasil, según datos del Panel de Oncología, 2019-2020 / Frequency and factors associated with delay in breast cancer treatment in Brazil, according to data from the Oncology Panel, 2019-2020

Objective: to analyze treatment delay and the flow of care for women with breast cancer in Brazil in 2019 and 2020. Method: this was a follow-up study of breast cancer cases available from the Oncology Panel; a chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression were performed in order to analyze the explanatory variables associated with delay (greater than 60 days) in starting treatment. Results: 22,956 cases (54.5%) with delay in treatment were identified in 2019 and 17,722 (48.7%) in 2020; the Southeast region (54.6%) had the greatest proportion of delay; delay was greater when treatment was provided outside the municipality of residence and lower in 2020 compared to 2019; most outward flows were to the capital cities in the same Federative Units of residence. Conclusion: strategies to reduce cancer treatment delay and optimize health care networks in the Federative Units should be prioritized.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la demora en el tratamiento y el flujo asistencial de mujeres con cáncer de mama en Brasil en 2019 y 2020. Método: estudio de seguimiento de los casos de cáncer de mama disponibles en el Panel de Oncología. Para analizar las variables explicativas asociadas al retraso (mayor de 60 días) en el inicio del tratamiento se realizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la regresión logística multinivel. Resultados: se identificaron 22.956 casos (54,5%) en 2019 y 17.722 (48,7%) en 2020 con retraso en el tratamiento. La región Sudeste (54,6%) tuvo mayor proporción de atraso, siendo mayor cuando se realizó fuera del municipio de residencia y menor en 2020 en relación a 2019. Los flujos externos, en su mayoría, ocurrieron en las capitales de las mismas Unidades de la Federación (UFs) de residencia. Conclusión: se deben priorizar estrategias que reduzcan el intervalo de tiempo hasta el inicio del tratamiento del cáncer y optimicen las redes de atención de salud en los estados.

Objetivo: analisar o atraso para o tratamento e o fluxo assistencial de mulheres com câncer de mama no Brasil em 2019 e 2020. Métodos: estudo de seguimento de casos de câncer de mama disponibilizados no PAINEL-Oncologia; para analisar as variáveis explicativas associadas ao atraso (maior que 60 dias) no início do tratamento, realizou-se teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística multinível. Resultados: identificaram-se 22.956 casos (54,5%) em 2019 e 17.722 (48,7%) em 2020, com atraso para o tratamento; a região Sudeste (54,6%) teve maior proporção de atraso, que foi maior quando o tratamento foi realizado fora do município de residência, e menor em 2020, comparando-se a 2019; os fluxos externos, em sua maioria, ocorreram para as capitais das mesmas Unidades da Federação (UFs) de residência. Conclusão: estratégias que diminuam o intervalo de tempo até o início do tratamento oncológico e otimizem as redes de atenção em saúde nas UFs devem ser priorizadas.

Factors associated with women diagnosed with syphilis who received prenatal care in a primary healthcare unit

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of syphilis and its associated factors in women who were treated at public maternity hospitals and received prenatal care in a primary healthcare unit. Methods This cross-sectional study included 399 postpartum women. Interviews were conducted, and additional data were extracted from the pregnant woman's booklet, medical records, and printed tests. The dependent variable was a gestational syphilis diagnosis. The independent variables were grouped into socioeconomic and demographic, behavioral, reproductive, and prenatal blocks. The prevalence, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The χ 2 test was also performed (p≤0.05). Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression models. Results The prevalence of gestational syphilis was 9.61% (95%CI: 7.14-12.83). We identified the following determining factors (adjusted prevalence ratios): history of sexually transmitted infections (2.3), first sexual intercourse by the age of 15 (2.42), partner having a history of syphilis (5.98), partner using crack/cocaine (6.42) and marijuana and others (3.02), not having a partner (3.07), low income (2.85), history of stillbirth (5.21), beginning prenatal care in the third trimester (3.15), and prenatal care received in a primary healthcare unit (without a Family Health Strategy team) (0.35). Conclusion Individual and prenatal factors were associated with gestational syphilis. To control congenital syphilis, targeted interventions are needed to control syphilis in the adult population including expansion of access to quality prenatal care with identification of risks for syphilis and connection between prevention and treatment actions, implementation of strategies focused on early sexual education, effective establish prenatal care involving both partners, and effective implementation of the National Men's Health Policy (PNAISH - Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde dos Homens ).

Detecção precoce e prevenção do câncer de mama: conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família de cidade de porte médio de MG, Brasil / Early detection and prevention of breast cancer: knowledge, attitudes, and practices of professionals in the Family Health Strategy of a medium-sized city in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Resumo Introdução O câncer de mama (CM) é um problema de saúde pública em razão da incidência e mortalidade elevadas, com possibilidade de prevenção e detecção precoce e consequente melhoria do prognóstico mediante ações da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Objetivo Investigar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas (CAP) dos profissionais da ESF sobre o controle do CM preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e sua associação com características sociodemográficas e de formação. Método Estudo transversal com médicos e enfermeiros da ESF de Juiz de Fora (MG), utilizando questionário estruturado autoaplicável, em 2019. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva, teste qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, nível de significância 5%. Resultados Foram pesquisados 170 profissionais (93,0%), com predomínio do sexo feminino (74,1%), faixa etária de 30 a 49 anos (47,9%) e tempo de graduação maior que 20 anos (45,8%). Os CAP adequados foram respectivamente de 75,6%, 61,8% e 78,4%. Profissionais mais jovens tiveram conhecimento mais adequado, e os com maior tempo de graduação, melhores práticas. Conclusão O estudo averiguou importantes lacunas no processo de educação permanente dos profissionais da ESF, resultando em limites para o controle do CM. Tal avaliação possibilita ações de saúde mais direcionadas e melhor planejamento para o enfrentamento do CM.

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is a public health problem due to its incidence and mortality, with the possibility of prevention and early detection and consequent improvement of the prognosis through the actions of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Objective Investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (CAP) of FHS professionals on actions to control BC recommended by the Ministry of Health and their association with sociodemographic and training characteristics. Method Cross-sectional study with doctors and nurses from the FHS of Juiz de for a (MG, Brazil), using a self-administered structured questionnaire, in 2019. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Results A total of 170 professionals (93.0%) were surveyed, with a predominance of females (74.1%), aged 30 to 49 years (47.9%), and undergraduates older than 20 years (45.8%). Adequate CAP was 75.6%, 61.8%, and 78.4%, respectively. They had more adequate knowledge, younger professionals with better practices, and professionals with more time since graduation. Conclusion The study found important gaps in the process of continuing education for FHS professionals, resulting in a possible obstacle to better control of CM. The evaluation enables targeted health actions and better planning to face the CM.

Effects of air temperature on the risk of death from COPD in major microregions in Brazil: a time series study / Efeitos da temperatura do ar no risco de morte por DPOC nas principais microrregiões do Brasil: um estudo de séries temporais

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between the risk of death from COPD and air temperature events in ten major Brazilian microregions. Methods: This was a time series analysis of daily COPD deaths and daily mean air temperatures between 1996 and 2017. Using distributed nonlinear lag models, we estimated the cumulative relative risks of COPD mortality for four temperature percentiles (representing moderate and extreme cold and heat events) in relation to a minimum mortality temperature, with a lag of 21 days, in each microregion. Results: Significant associations were found between extreme air temperature events and the risk of death from COPD in the southern and southeastern microregions in Brazil. There was an association of extreme cold and an increased mortality risk in the following microregions: 36% (95% CI, 1.12-1.65), in Porto Alegre; 27% (95% CI, 1.03-1.58), in Curitiba; and 34% (95% CI, 1.19-1.52), in São Paulo; whereas moderate cold was associated with an increased risk of 20% (95% CI, 1.01-1.41), 33% (95% CI, 1.09-1.62), and 24% (95% CI, 1.12-1.38) in the same microregions, respectively. There was an increased COPD mortality risk in the São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro microregions: 17% (95% CI, 1.05-1.31) and 12% (95% CI, 1,02-1,23), respectively, due to moderate heat, and 23% (95% CI, 1,09-1,38) and 32% (95% CI, 1,15-1,50) due to extreme heat. Conclusions: Non-optimal air temperature events were associated with an increased risk of death from COPD in tropical and subtropical areas of Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o risco de morte por DPOC e eventos de temperatura do ar em dez grandes microrregiões brasileiras. Métodos: Esta foi uma análise de série temporal de mortes diárias por DPOC e temperaturas médias diárias do ar entre 1996 e 2017. Utilizando modelos de defasagem não linear distribuídos, estimamos os riscos relativos cumulativos de mortalidade por DPOC para quatro percentis de temperatura (representando eventos moderados e extremos de frio e calor) em relação a uma temperatura mínima de mortalidade, com defasagem de 21 dias, em cada microrregião. Resultados: Foram encontradas associações significativas entre eventos extremos de temperatura do ar e o risco de morte por DPOC nas microrregiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Houve associação de frio extremo e aumento do risco de mortalidade nas seguintes microrregiões: 36% (IC 95%, 1,12-1,65), em Porto Alegre; 27% (IC 95%, 1,03-1,58), em Curitiba; e 34% (IC 95%, 1,19-1,52), em São Paulo; enquanto o frio moderado foi associado a um risco aumentado de 20% (IC 95%, 1,01-1,41), 33% (IC 95%, 1,09-1,62) e 24% (IC 95%, 1,12-1,38) nas mesmas microrregiões, respectivamente. Houve aumento do risco de mortalidade por DPOC nas microrregiões de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro: 17% (IC 95%, 1,05-1,31) e 12% (IC 95%, 1,02-1,23), respectivamente, devido ao calor moderado e 23% (IC 95%, 1,09-1,38) e 32% (IC 95%, 1,15-1,50) devido ao calor extremo. Conclusões: Eventos de temperatura do ar não ideal foram associados a um risco aumentado de morte por DPOC em áreas tropicais e subtropicais do Brasil.

Consumer food environment assessment and its association with socioeconomic factors in a midsize city in Brazil / Avaliação do ambiente alimentar do consumidor e suas associações com fatores socioeconômicos em uma cidade brasileira de médio porte

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the consumer food environment and its associations with socioeconomic factors in a midsize Brazilian city. Methods An ecological study that assessed the consumer food environment through audits in a stratified and proportional sample of food stores. The ESAO-S and the ESAO-R instruments were used. Access to healthy food was assessed using the Healthy Food Store Index and the Healthy Meal Restaurant Index. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the Health Vulnerability Index were obtained from the 2010 Demographic Census. Statistical analyses were performed using the IBM®SPSSNo-Break®No-Break software. Result A total of 280 food stores were assessed. Only 47.1% of food stores for home consumption had fruits, vegetables, or legumes. High availability of ultra-processed food was identified, such as sugar-sweetened beverages (85.0%) and chocolate sandwich cookies (77.8%). The prices of some unprocessed foods and the availability of snacks were different according to socioeconomic characteristics. In food stores for immediate consumption, low availability of healthy options was identified, and, in most of them, natural juices had higher prices than sugar-sweetened beverages (87.1%). The mean Healthy Food Store Index score was 5.1 (SD=3.6), and the Healthy Meal Restaurant Index was 2.4 (SD=1.2). Conclusion These findings allow us to expand the knowledge about the consumer food environment, helping to implement public policies related to food supply.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o ambiente alimentar do consumidor e suas associações com fatores socioeconômicos em uma cidade brasileira de médio porte. Métodos Estudo ecológico, no qual avaliou-se o ambiente alimentar do consumidor por meio de auditorias em uma amostra estratificada e proporcional de estabelecimentos que comercializam alimentos. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos ESAO-S e ESAO-R. O acesso a alimentos saudáveis foi avaliado por meio do Healthy Food Store Index e do Healthy Meal Restaurant Index. As características socioeconômicas, demográficas e o índice de vulnerabilidade da saúde foram obtidos a partir do Censo Demográfico de 2010. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no software IBMNo-Break®No-BreakSPSSNo-Break®No-Break. Resultados Avaliaram-se 280 estabelecimentos, onde apenas 47,1% dos comércios de alimentos para consumo em domicílio possuíam frutas, verduras ou legumes. Foi identificada uma elevada disponibilidade de alimentos ultraprocessados, como refrigerantes (85,0%) e biscoitos (77,8%). Os preços de alguns alimentos in natura e a disponibilidade de salgadinhos foram diferentes segundo as características socioeconômicas. Nos comércios de alimentos para consumo imediato, foi identificada baixa disponibilidade de opções saudáveis e, na maioria deles, os sucos naturais apresentaram preços superiores a refrigerantes (87,1%). A pontuação média do Healthy Food Store Index foi 5,1 (DP=3,6) e do Healthy Meal Restaurant Index de 2,4 (DP=1,2). Conclusão Os resultados permitem ampliar o conhecimento sobre o ambiente alimentar do consumidor, auxiliando na implantação de políticas públicas relacionadas ao abastecimento alimentar.

Pelvic inflammatory disease hospitalizations in Brazil: time trend from 2000 to 2019 / Internações por doença inflamatória pélvica no Brasil: tendência temporal de 2000 a 2019

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the temporal trend of hospitalizations for pelvic infammatory disease in Brazil and its regions between 2000 and 2019. Methods: longitudinal ecological study with data from the Hospital Information System. The analysis of temporal trends in hospitalization rates by age group was performed using segmented linear regression (joinpoint regression). Both annual percent change total and by age groups were estimated for Brazil and each region. Results: Brazil had an average reduction of 5.2% per year in the period and the age groups most affected were 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 years. North region had the highest rates and South and Southeast regions, the lowest. Midwest region had the largest annual average reduction (8.1%), followed by the Northeast (5.7%), Southeast (5.0%), North (4.6%) and South (4.3 %). The only age group that showed a significant increase was that of 10 to 19 years in the Southeast in the period from 2008 to 2019 (0.9%) and in the Northeast in the period from 2014 to 2019 (3.3%). Conclusions: hospitalization due to pelvic infammatory disease has significantly decreased in Brazil. The increase observed for adolescents in the Southeast and Northeast in the most recent period points to problems in the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in this age group.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a tendência temporal de internações por doença infamatória pélvica no Brasil e regiões entre 2000 e 2019. Métodos: estudo ecológico longitudinal com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares. A análise das tendências temporais das taxas de internação hospitalar por faixas etárias foi feita por regressão linear segmentada (joinpoint regression). Foram estimadas variações percentuais anuais gerais e por faixas etárias para o Brasil e cada região. Resultados: o Brasil teve uma redução média de 5,2% ao ano no período e as faixas etárias mais afetadas foram 20 a 29 e 30 a 39 anos. A região Norte apresentou as maiores taxas e as regiões Sul e Sudeste as menores. A região Centro-Oeste teve a maior redução média anual (8,1%), seguida das regiões Nordeste (5,7%), Sudeste (5,0%), Norte (4,6%) e Sul (4,3%). A única faixa etária que apresentou um aumento significativo foi a de 10 a 19 anos nas regiões Sudeste no período de 2008 a 2019 (0,9%) e no Nordeste no período de 2014 a 2019 (3,3%). Conclusões: a internação hospitalar por doença infamatória pélvica reduziu no Brasil de forma importante. O aumento verificado para adolescentes no Sudeste e Nordeste no período mais recente aponta para problemas na prevenção e controle das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis nesta faixa etária.

Tendência temporal dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos por câncer de mama feminino no Brasil / Temporal trends in social security benefits for female breast cancer in Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a tendência temporal dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social a mulheres por câncer de mama. Foi realizado um estudo de tendência temporal das taxas de incidência dos auxílios por incapacidade temporária de espécie previdenciária concedidos por câncer de mama em mulheres entre 2007 e 2018 no Brasil, utilizando o Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios e a base de dados abertos da Previdência Social. As análises de tendência foram realizadas através de regressão segmentada joinpoint. As taxas de incidência dos benefícios ajustadas por idade apresentaram estabilidade entre 2007 e 2015, seguida de elevação anual de 6,7% de 2015 a 2018. Houve aumento anual médio de 3,4% do número de benefícios concedidos a mulheres entre 20 e 49 anos, sendo mais evidente entre 2015 e 2018, com elevação de 10,4% ao ano. Este estudo demonstrou a importância do câncer de mama como causa de afastamento do trabalho em mulheres, com acometimento crescente das faixas etárias mais jovens e economicamente ativas, o que reforça a necessidade de abordagem precoce do Programa de Reabilitação Profissional da Previdência Social para a readaptação destas trabalhadoras em suas atividades ou a reinserção no mercado de trabalho.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in disability benefits for breast cancer awarded to women by Brazil's National Social Security Institute. We conducted a time-series analysis of disability benefit incidence rates between 2007 and 2018 using joinpoint regression and data from the Unified Benefits Information System (SUIBE) and open access social security system database. The age-adjusted incidence rate increased by 6.7% per year between 2015 and 2018 after a period of stability between 2007 and 2014. The number of benefits granted to women aged 20-49 increased, on average, by 3.4% per year, showing a marked rise from 2015 to 2018 (10.4% per year). The findings highlight that breast cancer is an important cause of sick leave among female workers and that the incidence of the disease is growing in younger economically active women, reinforcing the importance of early referral to the Social Security Professional Rehabilitation Program to help workers return to work and readapt to working life.

Temporal trends in social security benefits for female breast cancer in Brazil. / Tendência temporal dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos por câncer de mama feminino no Brasil.

The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in disability benefits for breast cancer awarded to women by Brazil's National Social Security Institute. We conducted a time-series analysis of disability benefit incidence rates between 2007 and 2018 using joinpoint regression and data from the Unified Benefits Information System (SUIBE) and open access social security system database. The age-adjusted incidence rate increased by 6.7% per year between 2015 and 2018 after a period of stability between 2007 and 2014. The number of benefits granted to women aged 20-49 increased, on average, by 3.4% per year, showing a marked rise from 2015 to 2018 (10.4% per year). The findings highlight that breast cancer is an important cause of sick leave among female workers and that the incidence of the disease is growing in younger economically active women, reinforcing the importance of early referral to the Social Security Professional Rehabilitation Program to help workers return to work and readapt to working life.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a tendência temporal dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social a mulheres por câncer de mama. Foi realizado um estudo de tendência temporal das taxas de incidência dos auxílios por incapacidade temporária de espécie previdenciária concedidos por câncer de mama em mulheres entre 2007 e 2018 no Brasil, utilizando o Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios e a base de dados abertos da Previdência Social. As análises de tendência foram realizadas através de regressão segmentada joinpoint. As taxas de incidência dos benefícios ajustadas por idade apresentaram estabilidade entre 2007 e 2015, seguida de elevação anual de 6,7% de 2015 a 2018. Houve aumento anual médio de 3,4% do número de benefícios concedidos a mulheres entre 20 e 49 anos, sendo mais evidente entre 2015 e 2018, com elevação de 10,4% ao ano. Este estudo demonstrou a importância do câncer de mama como causa de afastamento do trabalho em mulheres, com acometimento crescente das faixas etárias mais jovens e economicamente ativas, o que reforça a necessidade de abordagem precoce do Programa de Reabilitação Profissional da Previdência Social para a readaptação destas trabalhadoras em suas atividades ou a reinserção no mercado de trabalho.