[Analysis using ELISA test of antibody response to Fusobacterium nucleatum and Eikenella corrodens in subjects with periodontal disease]. / Análisis mediante una prueba de ELISA de la respuesta de anticuerpos frente a Fusobacterium nucleatum y Eikenella corrodens en sujetos con enfermedad periodontal.

BACKGROUND: To know the synthesis of IgG, IgA, and IgM to Fusobacterium nucleatum and Eikenella corrodens in serum, crevicular liquid and saliva in subjects with periodontal disease, using ELISA test. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 26 patients with high bias to the disease aged less than 35 years and 30 individuals with comparable age and with scarce bias to the disease. RESULTS: No differences were found for IgG and IgM titers between the groups, except for IgM to E. corrodens. For IgA, differences were found when the saliva and crevicular liquid were studied for both bacteria, as occurred in serum IgA compared to E. corrodens. In all the cases antibody levels were lower in the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The lower synthesis of IgM and IgA, fundamentally the latter, to F. nucleatum and E. corrodens in patients with periodontal disease would contribute to the pathogenesis of this illness.

Profile surgical template: a systematic approach to precise implant placement. A technical note.

The precise placement of dental implants is essential to designing a prosthesis that fulfills the esthetic and functional requirements of the patient, and simultaneously allows clear phonetics and facilitates oral hygiene. To achieve this, an effective surgical template is essential: it must provide good orientation, be comfortable, have adequate intraoral fixation, allow freedom of choice to the surgeon, and be capable of use during image-diagnostic procedures. In accordance with this criteria, the profile surgical template, based on utilization of the buccal contour of missing teeth, has been designed.

Analysis of oral health information in the Spanish mass media.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate oral health information delivered by the Spanish mass media. The study was composed of two parts. In a quantitative study three media were selected: press, radio, and television. The study was carried out between December 1987 and March 1988, and the media with largest numbers and audience were selected. Information variables were: politics/economy-labor/culture-education/interviews-events-reports/sport s/ leisure/publicity/health/oral health/miscellaneous. The mass media studied dedicated a very small percentage of their space/time to health information, with a clear predominance of other themes such as publicity, politics, and sports (17/1). In relation to oral health, results were even more significant because the space/time dedicated to health in relation to oral health was 180/1 (P less than 0.01). Most of the oral health time was given via promotional or politico-professional issues (P less than 0.05). In a qualitative study all available information relating in any way with oral health was selected from a survey of all written news by the non-specialized Spanish press that appeared during 1 yr (Jan 1987-Jan 1988). Reports dedicated to education were only 170 (31.48%) of the total (540) oral health reports. From 170 reports dedicated to oral health, 33 (19.41%) presented some sort of error and 137 (80.59) had an adequate educative content. Caries was the topic more frequently covered, 77.06% of the data, in contrast to periodontal disease, dealt with by only 33.53%. The qualitative level of data using a Score Level Index (SLI) was 42.73% of the highest possible level. Implications for public health dentistry are discussed.

[Periodontal treatment needs in a Spanish school population]. / Necesidad de tratamiento periodontal de la población escolar Espanõla.

The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal treatment needs of the population under 20 years of age in Spain. 1469 young people, aged 7, 12 and 15-19 years, and representing the urban (60%) and rural (40%) population from Spain were evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (C.P.I.T.N.). In the first age group (7 years), 12% presented calculus or overhanging restorations, and 45% had bleeding upon probing only. In the age group of 12 years the proportion of individuals with calculus, overthanging restorations or moderate pocket depths was 39%, while 38% had gingivitis as their highest treatment need. In the oldest group (15-19 years) the number of subjects with bleeding upon probing decreased to 17%, while the percentage of individuals having moderate pockets, calculus or overhanging restorations increased to 67%. 1% of this youngsters had pockets of 6 mm. or over. At age 7, only 30% had "acceptable gingival health", and no more than 15% of the 18 year-olds reached this condition.

[Periodontal treatment needs in a Spanish school population. 2. Intraoral distribution of different signs]. / Necesidad de tratamiento periodontal de la población escolar Española. II. Distribución intrabucal de los diferentes signos.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of the different periodontal disease indicators used in the C.P.I.T.N. per sextant in the Spaniard population under 20 years of age. We have examined a randomly chosen sample of 1450 school-aged individuals, 7, 12 and 15 to 19 years old. We have observed a healthy periodontium more frequently in the upper anterior region, calculus predominates in the lower incisors close followed by molars, and periodontal pockets of 4 mm or deeper were commonly found in the molar regions. We could'nt detect important deviations from this distribution pattern in the different age groups or between males and females.

[Prevalence of caries in Spanish school children and youth of 7, 12 and 15 to 19 years of age]. / Prevalencia de caries en los niños y jovenes escolares Españoles de siete, doce y quince a diecinueve años.

The aim of this study was to assess the dental caries prevalence and severity of the population under 20 years of age in Spain. 1469 young people, aged 7, 12 and 15-19 years, and representing the urban (60%) and rural (40%) population from Spain were evaluated, registering the decayed, extracted or filled teeth for primary and permanent dentition. Average D.M.F.T. for 7, 12 and 15-19-years-old were 1.5, 3.5 and 6.6 respectively. A comparison of the results with those of previous studies showed that the average D.M.F.T. scores have decreased since 1984. We have also observed an increment in the number of caries-free children reaching the 57.9% in the age group of 7 years. But this excitement over the increase in the number of caries-free children must be tempered by the recognition that 35% of these individuals had 70% of the caries. We still need educational, preventive and restorative programs, and focus our efforts in detecting and treating the highly susceptible children.

[Validity of partial systems of periodontal examination in epidemiological studies]. / Fiabilidad de los sistemas reducidos de exploracion periodontal en estudios epidemiologicos.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the representativeness of partial examination in the assessment of the average severity and the prevalence of periodontal disease. 343 subjects aged 7, 12 and 15-19 years were examined for the presence or absence of gingival bleeding after gentle probing, supra or subgingival calculus and pocket depths of 4-5 mm., or 6 mm. and over, of each tooth. Three sets of average severity and prevalence scores were prepared: based on the full mouth examination, on observations made from the index teeth of the P.D.I., and on the six teeth utilized for the C.P.I.T.N. in this age group. Partial indices tended to underestimate the real prevalence of the different signs, and slightly overestimate severity, being these observations statistically significant. Average severity scores were obtained more accurately with the six Ramfjord teeth, while real prevalence rates were better determined with the C.P.I.T.N. teeth. From an epidemiological point of view, the real significance of the differences observed should be further determined.

[Caries prevalence and periodontal treatment needs in the same individuals]. / Prevalencia de caries y necesidad de tratamiento periodontal en los mismos individuos.

The aim of this study was to determine whether dental caries and periodontal disease occur frequently in the same subjects 1469 young people, aged 7, 12 and 15-19 years, and representing the urban (60%) and rural (40%) population from Spain were evaluated. Dental caries and periodontal treatment needs were registered according to the index D.M.F.T. and C.P.I.T.N., following the criteria of WHO. We have found a highly significant relation between both variables, average D.M.F.T. scores increased as periodontal treatment needs were more advanced. Those subjects with lower codes of C.P.I.T.N. presented also lower D.M.F.T. scores, while these individuals with higher D.M.F.T. scores, based on a great number of open carious lesions, were more affected for periodontal disease. It does not support either a directly synergistic or antagonistic correlation in the prevalence of these two diseases in the same subjects. Dental health status is at a certain time an end result of years of varying dental health behaviour. In industrialized countries a variety of factors seems to determine the prevalence of dental caries and/or periodontal disease: dietary habits, access to fluorides, efficacy of oral hygiene measures, utilization of dental health care services. These data and ideas supported the strategy of preventing the dental caries and periodontal disease simultaneously.

[Relationship of dental treatment and oral hygiene to caries prevalence and need for periodontal treatment]. / Relación entre el tratamiento dental y la higiene oral con la prevalencia de caries y necesidad de tratamiento periodontal.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between differences in dental attendance and oral hygiene patterns and dental caries and periodontal treatment needs. 1469 young people, aged 7, 12 and 15-19 years, and representing the urban (60%) and rural (40%) population from Spain were evaluated. Dental caries and periodontal treatment needs were registered according to the index D.M.F.T. and C.P.I.T.N., following the criteria of W.H.O. Regular dental attendance was observed in 16.6% of subjects examined, and only 9.4 saw a dentist regularly for dental prophylaxis. Statistical analyses showed that while the more frequent the dental visits, the lower the rate of caries, and periodontal treatment needs, the higher, however, the average number of fillings and the D.M.F.T. scores. These individuals had the higher number of functioning teeth, restored or sound, but they also had the disadvantage of having higher levels of disease experience. By the other way the individuals who saw the dentist regularly for dental prophylaxis presented the lower caries rate and periodontal treatment needs, the fewer tooth loss, and also an important reduction in the D.M.F.T. scores. Similar observations had been made in the individuals who brush their teeth frequently or with a correct technique. The results suggested that while frequent dental visits do not apparently help to prevent the onset of further dental disease, we can achieve this goal with regular preventive oriented dental therapy.

[Presence of caries and periodontal disease in Spanish students. Overview of results obtained in different localities]. / Presencia de caries y enfermedad periodontal en los escolares Españoles, visión global de los resultados obtenidos en las distintas localidades.

Results of our survey in 11 locations of Spain are assembled in an overview showing percentages of persons according to the highest C.P.I.T.N. code defected for each one, the prevalence of caries-free-children and mean D.M.F.T. scores. We have also studied the differences between urban and rural populations. Rural children presented higher D.M.F.T. an D.T. scores.

[Epidemiological study of periodontal disease in an Oviedo school population]. / Estudio epidemiológico de patología periodontal en la población escolar de Oviedo.

1,276 young people, between 6-20 years old, representing the urban school population from Oviedo (Spain) were evaluated by the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (C.P.I.T.N.). From this population: 1. 66.1% were found to have bleeding on probing, without evidence of attachment loss (gingivitis), or presence of local irritants. This population represented a treatment need of improving oral hygiene. 2. 29.6% had moderate attachment loss (probing pocket depths between 4-5 mm.) and/or presence of local irritants. They were determined to need scaling and root planing. 3. 0.7% had probing pocket depths higher than 6 mm., which requires a more complex specialized type of therapy. Based on these treatment needs, the number of treatment hours was determined, estimating that it would be necessary to spend 1649 hrs. to diagnose and treat this detected periodontal conditions. 93% of this time could be provided by dental auxiliary personnel. The therapeutic needs were higher in males and clearly augmented with age.