Spinal cord stimulation for visceral pain associated with medullary sponge kidney.

Chronic pain is a common reason for which people in the USA seek medical care. It is linked to opioid consumption, anxiety and a reduction in quality of life. Over the past 50 years, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has evolved as a safe and efficacious treatment for chronic pain etiologies. The authors present the first known case of SCS for pain due to medullary sponge kidney disease. This report adds to the growing body of literature supporting the use of SCS for treating visceral organ pain, while also highlighting the utility of ventral lead placement for treating visceral pain. As SCS utilization increases, it is expected that there will be a decrease in opioid consumption, and this will help us contain the opioid epidemic.

Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons that people in the USA seek medical care. It is associated with an increased reliance on opioids, anxiety, depression and a lower quality of life. Over the past 50 years, a treatment modality known as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has emerged and evolved. Based on evidence, SCS has shown promising results in treating chronic pain related to different causes and has also led to an improvement in the quality of life in those suffering from pain. In this case report, the authors present a case of a patient with chronic pain due to recurrent kidney stones secondary to their hereditary kidney disease, and who responded well to treatment with SCS. The patient self-reported almost 80% pain relief after undergoing treatment with SCS as well as an improved quality of life, based on their ability to engage in their daily professional and leisurely activities without being so restricted by pain from their recurrent kidney stones. This case report adds to the growing body of literature that underscores the utility of SCS in treating a variety of pain mediated pathologies. As SCS continues to show promising results, we hope that SCS usage to target pain will increase, and this will lead to a decrease in opioid prescriptions and help curb the opioid epidemic.

Atypical Presentation of Cerebral Palsy and Seizures: A Case Report on Rasmussen's Encephalitis in an Adolescent.

Rasmussen's encephalitis is a rare neurological disease first described in 1958 that is characterized by medico-refractory seizures, focal unilateral cerebral inflammation, and deficits such as hemiparesis. While we still do not have a full understanding of this disease, proposed theories behind its etiology include auto-immune manifestations, immune attack by T cells, and malfunctional alterations in genetic expression. It is classically considered a rare childhood malady with a median age of onset of six years, and cases in adolescents and adults are even rarer, representing up to 10% of all cases to date. In this report, we would like to share a rare case of Rasmussen's encephalitis that occurred in an adolescent. Our 17-year-old male patient presented with signs and symptoms beginning at age 14 and was initially diagnosed with cerebral palsy only to later present with additional symptoms and characteristic EEG and MRI findings that ultimately led to a diagnosis of Rasmussen's encephalitis. Thus, with this case report, our intent is twofold: to shed light on an atypical presentation of an already rare disease, even rarer in adolescents and adults, and to underscore the importance of keeping a broad differential when it comes to evaluating a patient with seizures.