RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pain medication may affect clinical and economic outcomes, and a detailed description of pain medication use is advocated in the literautre for better assessment of clinical outcomes of spine surgery, which otherwise clould be misleading. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the impact of in-hospital analgesic pharmacotherapy after spine surgery on subjective quality of life and pain relief in patients with degenerative lumbar intervertebral disc disease (DLIVD), and also to analyze pharmacotherapy costs. DESIGN: A single-center study included 50 patients with L5/S1 or L4/L5 DLIVD, eligible for spine surgery. INTERVENTION: Neurosurgery for DLIVD. MAIN ENDPOINTS: Outcomes in terms of postoperative pain and function were recorded prospectively using standardized questionnaires. Data for cost analysis and pharmcotherapy regimen were obtained retrospectively from case histories, doctors' request cards and hospital discharge summaries. RESULTS: Mean total pharmacotherapy cost amounted to 453.42±49.09. Mean pharmacotherapy cost amounted to 314.76±54.21 preoperatively, and 138.66±25.54 postoperatively. The greatest improvement in function and quality of life was in patients treated with non-opioids. CONCLUSION: This study supports the notion that analgesic pharmacotherapies could be differentiated in terms of overall impact on quality of life, and that pain-related distress might be the most relevant factor in this setting.
Assuntos
Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Hospitais , Humanos , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/tratamento farmacológico , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and also anemia are common in the elderly and have a negative impact on the clinical outcomes of patients. The coexistence of anemia and DM seems to be insufficiently recognized; therefore, the aim of our study is to analyze the incidence and clinical consequences of this coexistence, including mortality, in the population of people aged ≥60. A retrospective study was conducted on 981 primary care clinic patients aged ≥60 during 2013-2014. The prevalence of coexistence of DM and anemia (defined in accordance with WHO) and data on the incidence of comorbidities, hospitalization, medical procedures, and all-cause mortality were analyzed. In the study population, 25% had DM, while 5.4% had both DM and anemia. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) was found in 48 patients (4.89%) of the entire study population, more often in men (p < 0.001). Diabetic patients with anemia compared to nonanemic diabetics had more comorbidities (median 4 (4, 5) vs. 3 (2-4); p < 0.001)-PAD more often (p = 0.004), more hospitalization (median 2 (0-11) vs. 0 (0-11); p < 0.001), and more frequent medical procedures (e.g., percutaneous coronary intervention (p < 0.001), coronary artery bypass surgery (p = 0.027), arteriography (p < 0.001), and bypass surgery or endovascular treatments of lower limb ischemia (p < 0.001)). The cumulative survival of patients with both DM and anemia vs. nonanemic diabetics at 36 months was 86.4% vs. 99.3% (p < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model showed anemia to be a significant risk factor for death in diabetic patients (p = 0.013). Patients with both DM and anemia have more comorbidities than nonanemic diabetic patients; they are more often hospitalized, require medical procedures more frequently, and are at a higher risk of death. Effective treatment of anemia in patients with DM is advisable and may well improve the prognosis of patients.
Assuntos
Anemia/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Mortalidade , Idoso , Causas de Morte , Comorbidade , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Isquemia/cirurgia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirurgia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Arterial Periférica/epidemiologia , Doença Arterial Periférica/cirurgia , Polônia/epidemiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Depression is a nosological entity which may appear alone or concomitantly (e.g. in schizophrenia). Analysis of data from both clinical and experimental studies allows a conclusion that atypical antipsychotics, such as aripiprazole (ARI), may also be effective in treating depression in addition to antidepressants. The aim of the studies was to determine antidepressant efficacy of ARI, venlafaxine (VEN) and combined therapy using both drugs, in prenatally stressed rats (animal depression model) and control group. In addition, this article was aimed at determining the effect of these drugs on locomotor activity of these animals. The effect of chronic stress used in pregnant rats and the use of drugs such as ARI (1.5 mg/kg) and VEN (20 mg/kg) were studied in forced swimming test (FST; antidepressant effect) and locomotor activity test. Performed tests confirmed the antidepressant effect of ARI, VEN and efficacy of combined drugs in FST in both prenatally stressed rats (effect present upon single administration and after 7, 14 and 21 days of testing) and control group rats (effect present upon single administration and 7 days of testing). Moreover, upon single administration of the used drugs to prenatally stressed rats, it was found sedative effect - reduced animals' locomotor activity. Study results have proven antidepressant and sedative efficacy of ARI, VEN and combined administration of these drugs. Due to the small amount of data on the above preparations, in particular in the context of animal depression models, further studies in this respect are recommended.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos de Segunda Geração/farmacologia , Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Aripiprazol/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Cloridrato de Venlafaxina/farmacologia , Animais , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Depressão/psicologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos Wistar , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , NataçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The study aims to verify whether alterations in the level of neurotransmitters have occurred in prenatally stressed rats (animal model of schizophrenia), and whether aripiprazole (ARI) and olanzapine (OLA) modify this level. METHODS: The effects of ARI (1.5mg/kg) and OLA (0.5mg/kg) were studied by means of microdialysis in freely moving rats (observation time 120min). The level of neurotransmitters (DA, 5-HT, NA) and their metabolites (DOPAC, HVA, 5-HIAA) was analyzed by HPLC with coulochemical detection. RESULTS: Obtained results indicate that after a single administration of ARI and OLA in the prenatally stressed rats the increase of DA, DOPAC, and 5-HT was observed. In turn ARI administration increase the level of HVA and 5-HIAA and also decrease the level of NA. After OLA administration the level of NA and HVA increased and no significant change in 5-HIAA was observed. CONCLUSION: Alterations observed as a result of ARI and OLA administration may be pivotal in identifying animal models of mental disorders and in the analysis of neuroleptics effectiveness.
Assuntos
Aripiprazol/farmacologia , Benzodiazepinas/farmacologia , Lobo Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Lobo Frontal/metabolismo , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Ácido 3,4-Di-Hidroxifenilacético/metabolismo , Animais , Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Dopamina/metabolismo , Feminino , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Olanzapina , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Ratos Wistar , Serotonina/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico , Estresse PsicológicoRESUMO
The objective of the study was to determine selenium content in selected organs (liver, kidney) of wild boars from different regions of Poland. Materials for the study were obtained from 28 sites located in 16 provinces of Poland. Selenium concentrations in organs were determined using spectrofluorometric methods after wet mineralization in HNO3 and HClO4 mixture. Mean selenium concentrations in the investigated wild boars from Poland were 0.230 µg/g wet weight in the liver and 1.327 µg/g w.w. in the kidneys. Hepatic and nephric Se concentrations ranged from 0.036-0.626 µg/g w.w. and 0.322-4.286 µg/g w.w., respectively. Selenium concentrations in the wild boars differed considerably according to geographical location. Concentrations of selenium were highest in wild boars from south-eastern provinces and lowest in animals from northern provinces. Most of Poland's area is environmentally deficient in this trace element, as evidenced by marginal selenium levels in the organs of the wild boars.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluentes Ambientais/química , Selênio/química , Sus scrofa , Animais , Rim/química , Fígado/química , PolôniaRESUMO
It is believed that the most effective method of treatment in schizophrenia is pharmacotherapy, in particular, the use of atypical neuroleptics like aripiprazole (ARI) and olanzapine (OLA). Moreover, studies of many authors have shown that enriched living conditions and tobacco smoke exposure can also affect the cognitive functions that are disturbed in the course of schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to find whether tobacco smoke and enrichment living conditions have the influence on cognitive functions in the newborn offspring of prenatally stressed rats and whether drugs such as ARI (1.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and OLA (0.5 mg/kg ip) in single and chronic treatment modify those functions (Morris water maze). The study (in the same conditions) also analyses immobility time (Porsolt test) and motor activity of animals that received ARI and OLA. It has been shown that ARI and OLA as well as enriched environment reduce cognitive function disorders and modify cognitive functions in rats exposed to tobacco smoke. In turn, current research has shown that nicotine has increased cognitive function disorders compared to the previous study (animals without tobacco smoke exposure).
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/tratamento farmacológico , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Meio Social , Animais , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Aripiprazol/administração & dosagem , Aripiprazol/uso terapêutico , Benzodiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Benzodiazepinas/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/psicologia , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Olanzapina , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/psicologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Alcoholism is a mental disease in the course of which depression, anxiety, and cognitive function deficits may appear, and these symptoms can be aggravated by comorbid schizophrenia.The aim of this study was to find whether spatial memory (Morris Water Maze) function impairment is found in prenatally stressed rats (PSG) (prenatal stress paradigm - animal model of schizophrenia) and whether aripiprazole ARI and olanzapine OLA modify these functions. It was also important to study the effect of ethyl alcohol administered to rats.Behavioural tests showed that ARI and OLA improved spatial memory in the non-stressed control group (NSCG) and in the PSG. Moreover, spatial memory in the non-stressed alcohol group (NSAG) improved significantly compared to the NSCG, while in the prenatally stressed alcohol group (PSAG) spatial memory improved both in comparison to the NSCG and PSG. No statistically significant differences were found by comparing groups which received ethyl alcohol (NSAG, PSAG).
Assuntos
Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Etanol/farmacologia , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Alcoolismo/complicações , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Animais , Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Aripiprazol , Interações Medicamentosas , Feminino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Quinolonas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was non-invasive evaluation of the cardiovascular system in asymptomatic young adult patients with juvenile localized scleroderma (JLS) and juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSS). METHODS: A group of 34 consecutive children with scleroderma were prospectively observed in the study. The control group (CG) consisted of 20 healthy subjects. In each subject 12-lead electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, ECG Holter, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring examinations were performed at the baseline visit and after 10 years. Additionally, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations were measured after 10 years. RESULTS: Examinations were performed in 13 patients with JLS and 15 with JSS at the final visit. Two children had died (one from each group). Four patients were alive but refused the final visit. After 10 years, a higher prevalence of ventricular extrasystoles (p = 0.01) and an elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (JLS: p = 0.04, JSS: p = 0.03) were observed in both groups, but in comparison with the controls there was no significant difference at the final visit. In JLS patients more cases of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction, hypertension, and sinus tachycardia were diagnosed at the final visit (p ≤ 0.05). More atrioventricular block episodes in both groups of scleroderma patients were observed. Over the 10 years, arterial hypertension was diagnosed in three patients from the JLS group and in two with JSS. There were no significant differences in BNP concentrations at the final visit. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study show that juvenile scleroderma seems to be more benign than adult-onset disease. This observational study shows subclinical, not severe, cardiac abnormalities in adult patients with juvenile-onset disease.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Doenças Assintomáticas , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Cardiomegalia/etiologia , Cardiomegalia/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/etiologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Esclerodermia Localizada/fisiopatologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/fisiopatologia , Taquicardia Sinusal/etiologia , Taquicardia Sinusal/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the knowledge of Poles on the prevention of arterial hypertension (HT) and identify the main souces of knowledge in order to make health promotion activities more effective, and thus increase the efficiency and efficacy of the Polish healthcare system. STUDY DESIGN: Community study. METHODS: This questionnaire study included 180 subjects (120 primary healthcare patients without a history of diagnosed HT and 60 primary care physicians). RESULTS: The knowledge of most surveyed patients was insufficient (43%, n = 52) or sufficient (40%, n = 48) for the effective prevention of HT; 17% (n = 20) of the respondents had knowledge that was definitely sufficient, and none of the respondents had knowledge that was definitely insufficient. The patients reported that primary care physicians were the most common source of health information (67%, n = 80). Primary care physicians were also the most trusted source of information. CONCLUSIONS: Patients' knowledge on smoking, diet and exercise is sufficient for the effective prevention of HT. The areas of insufficient knowledge for the development of HT and possible organ complications are drinking alcohol, stress, genetic factors and diabetes.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polônia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Oestrogens acting via nuclear receptors (encoded by ESR1 or ESR2) are important for pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). rs2234693 and rs4986938 are two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) whose C and A variants increase transcription of ESR1 and ESR2, respectively. The T allele of rs2234693 was associated with early onset SLE, whereas the role of rs4986938 in SLE was not reported. Our aim was to examine the role of rs2234693 and rs4986938 in conferring susceptibility to juvenile and adult SLE (jSLE and aSLE). Genotype distribution of both SNPs was analysed in 84 jSLE, 112 aSLE patients and 1001 controls. Allele C of rs2234693 was associated with jSLE (OR = 1.87, p = 0.006, p(corrected) = 0.02), whereas allele A of rs4986938 showed an association with aSLE (OR = 1.46, p = 0.008, p(corrected) = 0.03). In jSLE, rs2234693 C had lower frequency in patients with central nervous system involvement (OR = 0.39, p = 0.005, p(corrected) = 0.04) and showed a trend for increase among males, patients with renal involvement and those without DR2/3 (p < 0.05, p(corrected) > 0.05). Whereas our results are consistent with a role of ESR1 variation in jSLE, more studies are needed since the direction of association was the opposite of that reported previously. The association between rs4986938 (ESR2) and aSLE is a novel finding, consistent with our recent report associating this variant with Graves' disease.
Assuntos
Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/genética , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/genética , Variação Genética , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/patologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/fisiopatologia , MasculinoRESUMO
Nicotine (NIC) and venlafaxine (VEN) have been proved to exert antidepressant activity in both human and animals. The effect of antidepressant doses of NIC and VEN (our previous results) on noradrenergic (NA), dopaminergic (DA), serotoninergic (5-HT) neurotransmitters and their metabolites: DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA in rats' hippocampus in freely moving rats were determined by microdialysis technique and HPLC method. Both drugs release 5-HT and NA, but VEN to a greater degree. DA level was affected only by VEN, however NIC extended the response of the DA system on VEN's effect. Combined administration of drugs caused the greatest changes in the 5-HT system. Both drugs contributed to reduction in neurotransmitter biotransformation.
Assuntos
Cicloexanóis/farmacologia , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Nicotina/farmacologia , Ácido 3,4-Di-Hidroxifenilacético/metabolismo , Animais , Antidepressivos de Segunda Geração/farmacologia , Dopamina/metabolismo , Feminino , Estimulantes Ganglionares/farmacologia , Ácido Homovanílico/metabolismo , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/metabolismo , Microdiálise , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Serotonina/metabolismo , Cloridrato de VenlafaxinaRESUMO
Cognitive deficits, including memory deficiencies, are currently deemed one of key symptoms of psychopathologic mental disorders or epilepsy. The impairment of neurocognitive processes could be due to the administered therapy, in particular combined therapy or therapy using antiepileptics of older type. Gabapentin (GBP) is one of new antiepileptics with normothymic properties. It is known that epileptic patients run a significant risk of developing depression and mood changes. Smoking may also have a negative effect on memory processes and efficacy of administered drugs. Note that smoking in pregnant women also leads to neurobehavioral changes in their children. The objective of our research was to evaluate the effect of GBP on memory functions and antidepressant effect in rats not exposed and exposed to tobacco smoke in fetal life. We were also intent on finding whether GBP has an anticonvulsant effect in contact and without contact with tobacco smoke, and whether it affects motor coordination in animals if administered in the dose of 25 mg/kg. Spatial memory of the animals was assessed in the Morris test and the antidepressant effect in the Porsolt test. The ED(50) value was determined in the Swinyard maximum electric shock test, and the effect on motor coordination was assessed in the chimney test. GBP administered in the dose of 25 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) significantly reduced the immobility time on days 1 and 7 of the test in animals exposed to tobacco smoke, and on days 7 and 14 of the test in rats not exposed to tobacco smoke. Upon single and multiple administration of GBP to animals not exposed to tobacco smoke, the spatial memory improved, whereas in animals exposed to tobacco smoke in fetal life tolerance for procognitive effect was observed on day 21 of the test. It has been found that in rats not exposed to tobacco smoke, ED(50) of GBP was 28.73 mg/kg, whereas in animals exposed to tobacco smoke in fetal life, ED(50) was 46.2 mg/kg. Upon 14 and 21 days of drug administration, motor coordination was impaired in both GBP receiving animal groups. In conclusion, GBP beside its anticonvulsant efficacy also improves memory processes and has antidepressant effect. We also proved that GBP may reverse cognitive deficits concerning working memory induced by prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke and may have antidepressant effect in rats exposed to tobacco smoke.
Assuntos
Aminas/farmacologia , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/farmacologia , Nicotiana , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacologia , Aminas/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/administração & dosagem , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Gabapentina , Exposição por Inalação , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Destreza Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Convulsões/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Tempo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The experiments presented in this paper aimed to investigate the influence of atypical antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ, CAS 298-46-4) classified also as normothymic drug on spatial memory in Morris water maze test and anxiolytic effect in two-compartment exploratory test in rats. The study also investigated the probably occurring side effects (measuring cataleptic activity and motor coordination) following single and chronic administration of CBZ compared to haloperidol (HAL, CAS 52-86-8), a conventional antipsychotic. All the tests were carried out on male Wistar rats. CBZ 30 mg/kg was administered orally 60 min before the tests and HAL 0.15 mg/kg was administered orally 60 min before the tests. In the Morris test memory improvement only after chronic administration of CBZ on the 7 and 14 day of treatment was observed, whereas after 14 days of HAL treatment spatial memory impairment was noted. In the two-compartment exploratory test 30 mg/kg of CBZ had an anxiolytic effect after 7 and 14 days of treatment, whereas HAL did not show anxiolytic effect after single and chronic treatment. CBZ did not induce catalepsy after single as well as chronic administration. HAL evoked a strong cataleptic effect both after acute and chronic treatment. CBZ had no impact on motor coordination in the chimney test and HAL disturbed motor coordination in rats after single as well as chronic administration. CBZ may be an useful normothymic drug using in bipolar affective disorder treatment with co-occurred anxiety and cognitive deficits. The lack of significant side effects of CBZ may be an alternative way of treatment in comparison with older drugs, such as lithium carbonate.
Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Carbamazepina/farmacologia , Haloperidol/farmacologia , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Catalepsia/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is strongly associated with the DR8-DQ4 haplotype. The genes encoding DR8 and DQ4 are in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and occur together on the same HLA haplotype in almost all patients and controls. Because of the strong LD it is not clear whether DR8, DQ4, or both, are primarily associated with JIA. OBJECTIVE: To unveil the primary association of JIA--that is, with DR8 or DQ4. METHODS: DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 alleles of 585 Norwegian and 47 Polish unrelated patients with JIA (categorised as pauciarticular and rheumatoid factor negative polyarticular JIA), and of 3155 Norwegian and 158 Polish unrelated controls, were typed using a polymerase chain reaction or oligonucleotide hybridisation and sequence-specific primers method. RESULTS: Several haplotypes which encoded DR8 (that is, carried DRB1*08) and which did not encode DQ4 (that is, did not carry DQA1*0401) were found. Such haplotypes were found in three Norwegian patients and two controls (p=0.029). In the Polish population such haplotypes were found among four patients with JIA and two controls (p=0.025). No haplotypes which carried DQA1*0401 and DQB1*0402 in the absence of DRB1*08 were found, either among patients with JIA (Polish and Norwegian) or among the controls (Polish). CONCLUSION: On the DR8-DQ4 haplotype the DRB1*08 allele is primarily associated with JIA.
Assuntos
Artrite Juvenil/genética , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Artrite Juvenil/imunologia , Feminino , Subtipos Sorológicos de HLA-DR , Haplótipos , Teste de Histocompatibilidade/métodos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Razão de ChancesRESUMO
We report herein the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation into the Polish language of the parent's version of two health related quality of life instruments. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is a disease specific health instrument that measures functional ability in daily living activities in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) is a generic health instrument designed to capture the physical and psychosocial well-being of children independently from the underlying disease. The Polish CHAQ CHQ were fully validated with 1 forward and 1 backward translation. A total of 30 subjects were enrolled: 17 patients with JIA (35% systemic onset, 18% polyarticular onset, 29% extended oligoarticular subtype, and 18% persistent oligoarticular subtype) and 13 healthy children. The CHAQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the systemic, polyarticular and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a higher degree of disability, pain, and a lower overall well-being when compared to their healthy peers. Also the CHQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the systemic onset, polyarticular onset and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a lower physical and psychosocial well-being when compared to their healthy peers. In conclusion the Polish versions of the CHAQ-CHQ are reliable, and valid tools for the functional, physical and psychosocial assessment of children with JIA.
Assuntos
Artrite Juvenil/diagnóstico , Comparação Transcultural , Nível de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Criança , Características Culturais , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , Masculino , Polônia , Psicometria , Qualidade de Vida , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
In the inductive phase of contact allergic dermatitis, simple chemical compounds (haptens) produce together with epidermic proteins adducts presented by Langerhans cells to T lymphocytes. Binding to protein carrier is a necessary condition of transforming a low-molecular allergen into immunogenic one and evoking immunological reaction. The production of allergen adducts with proteins is conditioned by the presence of electrophilic groups in their molecules, or their acquiring during biotransformation phase I. Active allergen metabolites undergo further alterations during biotransformation phase II which leads most frequently to the decline in their chemical activity and more rapid excretion from the body. The number of reactive metabolites (reactive allergens) available for producing adducts with proteins keeps the balance between activation and deactivation reactions. Glutathione S-transferases play a particular role in the allergens (or their metabolites) deactivation process in biotransformation phase II. These enzymes catalyse reactions responsible for the declined electrophilic potential of allergens (or their metabolites), and thus for the decrease in the number of allergen molecules able to produce protein covalent bindings (adducts). Glutathione S-transferases, occurring in the human cellular cytoplasm belong to five classes: alpha(GST A), mu(GST M), theta(GST P), pi(GST T) and Z(GST Z), as well as to one class present in microsomes. The study indicated the presence of isoenzymes GST T1 and GST M1 in the skin. Both isoforms participate in the process of low-molecular allergen biotransformation. Carriers of defective genes GST T1 and/or GST M1 are more vulnerable to allergenic effect of some allergens, e.g. thimerosal, which is associated with the absence of or decrease in the activity of isoenzymes GST T1 and GST M1.
Assuntos
Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/genética , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Alérgenos/metabolismo , Biotransformação , Células Cultivadas , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/enzimologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Xenobióticos/metabolismoRESUMO
Amiodarone was used in 37 pediatric subjects aging 1 day--16 years. Very high efficiency of long-term treatment (mean 8 months) was found in the cases of supraventricular as well as ventricular tachyarrhythmias (paroxysmal and nonparoxysmal) including complex life-threatening ones. The treatment was not effective only in three subjects. In the other cases normal heart rhythm was achieved or duration time and number of tachycardia attacks was reduced. The class of arrhythmia improved. It was often recommended to use amiodarone together with digitalis preparation in order to obtain its antiarrhythmic activity. Our usual amiodarone dose was 10-20 mg/kg of body mass/24 h intravenously (in order to interrupt the attack) or 10 mg/kg/24 h per os in saturation period. Then the daily dose was reduced to the mean equal 5 mg/kg. Amiodarone side effects were observed in rather high percentage of subjects (24%) during long-term treatment. There were abnormal laboratory tests or laboratory and clinical abnormalities of thyroid function observed in 3 cases. In 4 other ones amiodarone deposits in cornea were found. They disappeared in 2 cases after drug dose reduction. In 1 child the symptoms of lung fibrosis and in the other one of sunshine hypersensitivity were observed. Thus, because of side effects treatment had to be interrupted in 7 cases (19%). It is concluded that amiodarone is exceptionally effective antiarrhythmic drug, very useful also in the youngest pediatric patients. On the other hand it is concluded, that the treated subjects must remain under careful medical control because of high rate of amiodarone side effects.
Assuntos
Amiodarona/uso terapêutico , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Arritmias Cardíacas/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Amiodarona/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Injeções IntravenosasRESUMO
L-deprenyl in the dose of 0.25 mg/kg (the dose with no effect on locomotor activity) was administered to Wistar rats in single and prolonged treatment (21 days). In the same manner carboxymethyl cellulose was given to the control group. In the forced swimming test the rats from the deprenyl group showed reduced immobility time only once, after 7 days of treatment, as compared with the control group. In the Crawley's test one parameter was increased after deprenyl--the white square entries (WSE), showing that the rats were emboldened to move more freely in the white, lighted area. In the maze test the most important observations were that deprenyl shortened the food finding time and significantly counteracted the elongation of this time after scopolamine. The authors discuss the possibility that deprenyl has a modulatory effect on learning and memory and this effect depends on the dose used. It seems also that the increase of monoamine and cholinergic transmission may be involved. The small antidepressant and anxiolytic effect may be due to the metabolites of deprenyl of the amphetamine group.