Beyond Wrinkles: A Comprehensive Review of the Uses of Botulinum Toxin.

BACKGROUND: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) exhibits inhibitory effects on the neuromuscular junction, and its use is well established in cosmetic dermatology. Our review aims to analyze the evidence for its use in the treatment of various dermatological, neurological, gastroenterological, ophthalmological, otorhinolaryngological, dental, urological, gynecological, and cardiovascular disorders. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed for studies published between 2012 and 2022 that discussed the therapeutic use of BoNT in human participants. A total of 58 studies were selected for inclusion in this review.  Results: We discovered a large range of therapeutic applications of BoNT toxin beyond aesthetic and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved non-aesthetic uses.  Conclusions: BoNT is a powerful neurotoxin that has varied FDA-approved indications and has been studied in a wide range of therapeutic applications. Further investigation through higher power studies is needed to assess the potential of BoNT and expand its versatility across other medical specialties.  J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(3):173-186. doi:10.36849/JDD.7243e.

Beyond Wrinkles: A Comprehensive Review of the Uses of Botulinum Toxin.

BACKGROUND: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) exhibits inhibitory effects on the neuromuscular junction, and its use is well established in cosmetic dermatology. Our review aims to analyze the evidence for its use in the treatment of various dermatological, neurological, gastroenterological, ophthalmological, otorhinolaryngological, dental, urological, gynecological, and cardiovascular disorders. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed for studies published between 2012 and 2022 that discussed the therapeutic use of BoNT in human participants. A total of 58 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. RESULTS: We discovered a large range of therapeutic applications of BoNT toxin beyond aesthetic and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved non-aesthetic uses. CONCLUSIONS: BoNT is a powerful neurotoxin that has varied FDA-approved indications and has been studied in a wide range of therapeutic applications. Further investigation through higher power studies is needed to assess the potential of BoNT and expand its versatility across other medical specialties. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(9): doi:10.36849/JDD.7243e.

Frecuencia de tinciones dentales en escolares de San Juan de la Costa, Chile, 2012 / Frequency of dental stains in schoolchildren of San Juan de la Costa, Chile, 2012

Introducción: las tinciones dentales son sustancias exógenas pigmentadas, que se distribuyen en forma de líneas o puntos paralelos al margen gingival. Se adhieren firmemente al esmalte cervical de la corona dental. Su prevalencia mundial oscila entre 6 y 19 por ciento. Se ha observado una asociación entre su presencia y una baja experiencia de caries. Objetivo: determinar frecuencia de tinciones dentales en escolares de 6 a 12 años de la comuna de San Juan de la Costa, Chile. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional entre abril y junio del año 2012, que midió la presencia y extensión de tinciones dentales en una muestra aleatoria de 267 niños de un universo de 1 243 estudiantes de 6 a 12 años de la comuna de San Juan de la Costa, Chile. Los participantes fueron examinados en las escuelas de la zona con ayuda de instrumental de examen estéril. Se registraron las variables edad, género, ascendencia Mapuche Huilliche, presencia de tinciones y caries a través del COPD; estas se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: la frecuencia de tinciones dentales en escolares es 11,6 por ciento. Conclusión: la frecuencia de tinciones dentales en escolares de la comuna de San Juan de la Costa es similar a la registrada en la literatura mundial(AU)

Introduction: tooth stains are exogenous pigment substances distributed as parallel lines or points at the gingival margin. They firmly adhere to the cervical enamel of the dental crown. Their worldwide prevalence is between 6 and 19 por ciento. An association between their presence and low caries experience has been observed. Objective: to determine the frequency of tooth stains of 6 to 12 years old in the district of San Juan de la Costa, Chile. Methods: an observational study measuring the presence and extension of tooth stains was carried out between April and June of 2012 in the district of San Juan de la Costa, Chile. The research's randomized sample used was a group of 267 from a universe of 1 243 students from 6 to 12 years in the district of San Juan de la Costa, Chile. Participants were tested in schools in the area using sterile instrumentation. Variables were age, gender, ancestry Mapuche Huilliche (AMH), presence of stains and decay through the DMFT index. The result was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: the frequency of tooth stains among schoolchildren is 11.6 percent. Conclusion: the frequency of tooth stains among schoolchildren is 11.6 percent, which is similar to the values figuring in the literature available worldwide(AU)