Minimizing geriatric rehospitalizations: a successful model.

Rehospitalizations may indicate care quality problems. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults aged 65 years and older, comparing 30-day rehospitalization rates. Rates were compared for comprehensive geriatrics practice patients and for patients receiving usual general medical care. The unadjusted 30-day rehospitalization rate was 18% overall, 21% for geriatrics patients cared for on the geriatrics inpatient service, 22% for geriatrics practice patients on general medical services (GMSs), and 17% for older patients on GMS. Compared with older adults discharged from a GMS, geriatrics patients on the geriatrics service had an adjusted odds ratio for readmission of 1.00 (95% confidence interval = 0.88-1.13). Despite greater frailty, patients cared for in an interdisciplinary geriatrics practice were no more likely to be rehospitalized than adults receiving "usual care," when adjusted for age and disease burden. Incomplete adjustment may account for this finding, which did not confirm the hypothesis that comprehensive geriatrics care would yield fewer rehospitalizations.

Multisite geriatrics clerkship for fourth-year medical students: a successful model for teaching the Association of American Medical Colleges' core competencies.

As the population ages, it is important that graduating medical students be properly prepared to treat older adults, regardless of their chosen specialty. To this end, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the John A. Hartford Foundation convened a consensus conference to establish core competencies in geriatrics for all graduating medical students. An ambulatory geriatric clerkship for fourth-year medical students that successfully teaches 24 of the 26 AAMC core competencies using an interdisciplinary, team-based approach is reported here. Graduating students (N=158) reported that the clerkship was successful at teaching the core competencies, as evidenced by positive responses on the AAMC Graduation Questionnaire (GQ). More than three-quarters (80-93%) of students agreed or strongly agreed that they learned the seven geriatrics concepts asked about on the GQ, which cover 14 of the 26 core competencies. This successful model for a geriatrics clerkship can be used in many institutions to teach the core competencies and in any constellation of geriatric ambulatory care sites that are already available to the faculty.

The Judaic-Christian origin of nursing homes.

Many nursing homes today have a religious heritage. While governmental regulations control how much of the care is delivered, the foundations and goals of many homes predate governmental rules and payment policies. This paper explores the basis of Jewish and Christian thought in providing groundwork for religiously based nursing homes. Although the underlying principles are similar, differences in approach and execution for the formation of these homes exist.

Blood pressure and survival in the oldest old.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and all-cause mortality in subjects aged 80 and older with hypertension. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. SETTING: Ten Veterans AFFAIRS (VA) sites. PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand seventy-one ambulatory patients aged 80 and older with hypertension. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome measure was likelihood of survival during the follow-up period. Vital status was obtained from VA and Social Security files. Variables collected for adjustment in Cox regression models were baseline BP, medications, demographics, diagnoses, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL); HRQoL information was available on 1,289 subjects based on Veterans Health Study Short From-36 (SF-36) questionnaire scores. RESULTS: Subjects with higher BP (up to a systolic BP (SBP) of 139 mmHg and a diastolic BP (DBP) of 89 mmHg) were less likely to die during follow-up than subjects with lower BP. After baseline adjustments, the hazard ratio for a 10-point increase in SBP was 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.74-0.91), up to a SBP of 139 mmHg, and for DBP was 0.85 (95% CI=0.78-0.92), up to a DBP of 89 mmHg. There was no significant association between survival and BP levels in subjects with uncontrolled hypertension. CONCLUSION: In a cohort of very old, hypertensive veterans, in subjects with controlled BPs, subjects with lower BP levels had a lower 5-year survival than those with higher BPs. This suggests that clinicians should use caution in their approach to BP lowering in this age group.