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BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with rotational atherectomy (RA) are at high risk of adverse clinical outcomes, and there are few clinical risk stratification tools for these patients. METHODS: We conducted a study with 196 patients who underwent PCI with RA out of 7391 patients who underwent PCI using a multicenter, prospective cohort registry. Patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Risk Score for Secondary Prevention (TRS 2°P): 65 patients in the T1 group (TRS 2°Pâ¯<â¯3), 66 patients in the T2 group (TRS 2°Pâ¯=â¯3), and 65 patients in the T3 group (TRS 2°Pâ¯>â¯3). The primary endpoint was the cumulative 2-year incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, and ischemic stroke. RESULTS: Cumulative 2-year MACCE occurred in 41 patients (24â¯%) during the follow-up period. The cumulative incidence of MACCE was significantly higher in the T3 group than in the T1 group (log-rank test, pâ¯=â¯0.02). Multivariate Cox analyses revealed that the T3 group was associated with an increased risk of MACCE compared to that of the T1 group (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.66; 95â¯% confidence interval, 1.04-6.77; pâ¯=â¯0.04). The addition of TRS 2°P to conventional risk factors, including male sex, number of diseased vessels, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, improved the net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) (NRI 0.39, pâ¯=â¯0.027; IDI 0.072, pâ¯<â¯0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Atherothrombotic risk stratification using TRS 2°P was useful in identifying high-risk patients with heavily calcified lesions following RA.
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Aterectomia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Humanos , Masculino , Aterectomia Coronária/efeitos adversos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etiologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) carries a poor prognosis, and accurately prognostication has significant clinical importance. In this study, we analyzed the predictive value of the CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and R2-CHADS2scores for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with NSTEMI using data from a prospective multicenter registry. METHODSâANDâRESULTS: The registry included 440 consecutive patients with NSTEMI and coronary artery disease who underwent successful PCI. Patients were clinically followed for up to 3 years or until the occurrence of MACE. MACE was defined as a composite of all-cause death and nonfatal MI. During the follow-up period, 55 patients (12.5%) experienced MACE. Risk analysis of MACE occurrence, adjusted for the multivariable model, demonstrated a significant increase in risk with higher CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and R2-CHADS2scores. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a higher incidence of MACE in patients with higher CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and R2-CHADS2scores, both in the short- and long-term periods. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with NSTEMI and higher CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and R2-CHADS2scores displayed a greater incidence of MACE.
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Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Medição de Risco , Estudos Prospectivos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fatores de Risco , Prognóstico , Fatores de Tempo , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , SeguimentosRESUMO
AIMS: The relationship between low body mass index (BMI) and prognostic factors for patients with coronary artery disease, commonly observed in elderly individuals in Japan, is important. Few studies have evaluated the prognosis for patients with low BMI after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Using a multivariable-adjusted model and data from a prospective cohort registry, we analyzed the risk associated with low BMI for patients after PCI. METHODS: This prospective, multicenter registry included 5965 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who underwent successful PCI. The patients were followed-up clinically for up to 3 years or until the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events. The primary endpoint was all-cause death and nonfatal myocardial infarction composite. RESULTS: Primary events occurred in 639 (10.7%) patients during the follow-up period. A risk analysis of the primary endpoint adjusted for the multivariable model showed a significant increase in risk for elderly individuals, underweight individuals [HR 1.43 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.85), Pï¼0.001], those with diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral artery disease, low left ventricular ejection fraction or acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and smokers. A stratified adjusted risk analysis based on BMI levels showed that the risk associated with underweight status was significantly pronounced for male patients, those aged 60-74 years, and those with DM or ACS. CONCLUSION: Underweight patients with several risk factors significantly increased risk after PCI. Furthermore, the risk associated with low BMI was significantly more pronounced for men, individuals aged 60-74 years, and patients with DM or ACS.
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Diabetes Mellitus , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Volume Sistólico , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Magreza/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Fatores de Risco , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is still unclear whether optimal medical therapy (OMT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has beneficial effects on long-term clinical outcomes in patients aged ≥80 years with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: This study analyzed the time to the first major adverse clinical event including death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), for up to 3 years after PCI using multicenter registry data. Data for 1056 patients aged > 80 years successfully treated with PCI were included in the analysis. OMT was defined as a combination of antiplatelet drug, statin, beta-blocker, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker. RESULTS: In total, 204 (19%) patients in this study received OMT and 852 (81%)ãreceived sub-OMT. During a median follow-up of 725 days, adverse clinical events occurred in 183 patients (death, n=177; nonfatal MI, n=6). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients who received OMT had a lower probability of adverse clinical events than those who received sub-OMT (p<0.01, log-rank test). Propensity score matching yielded 202 patient-pairs treated with OMT or sub-OMT, in whom 64 adverse clinical events (death, n=56, nonfatal MI, n=4) occurred during follow-up. OMT remained significant in the reduction of the risk of adverse clinical events in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.26-0.75; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: OMT after PCI was associated with significantly fewer adverse clinical events, including all-cause death and nonfatal MI, in patients aged ≥ 80 years with CAD. OMT might be safe and effective for these very elderly patients.
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Objective In an extremely aging society, it is beneficial to reconsider the value of medical treatment for extremely elderly patients. We therefore focused on the efficacy of statin therapy in extremely elderly patients. This study investigated the efficacy of statins for secondary prevention in patients over 75 years old. Methods This prospective multicenter registry included 1,676 consecutive extremely elderly patients with coronary artery disease who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The patients were followed up clinically for up to three years or until the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), defined as a composite of all-cause death and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Using propensity score methodology to eliminate selection bias, in a 1:1 matching ratio, we selected 466 pairs of patients for the analysis. Results During the median follow-up period of 25 months, MACEs occurred in 176 patients. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that statin treatment correlated with a lower probability of initial MACE occurrences within 30 days compared with no statin treatment (log-rank test, p<0.001). According to a landmark analysis at day 30, statin treatment still showed consistent effectiveness for reducing MACE occurrence during the follow up period (p=0.04). A multivariable Cox hazard analysis showed that statin therapy significantly reduced MACE occurrence (hazard ratio 0.55 [0.40-0.75], p<0.001). In the stratification analysis, statin therapy was especially beneficial in patients without symptomatic heart failure. Conclusion Statins were effective in preventing MACEs in extremely elderly patients after PCI.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Infarto do Miocárdio , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Pontuação de Propensão , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
ABSTRACT: The statin use in patients on hemodialysis remains controversial, and no beneficial effects of statin on the reduction of adverse cardiovascular events have been reported in these patients. This study used stratification analysis to examine the clinical factors in patients on hemodialysis who could benefit from statin for secondary prevention. This prospective multicenter study included 234 consecutive patients on hemodialysis with coronary artery disease who underwent successful reperfusion therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention. The patients were followed up for up to 3 years or until the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; defined as a composite of all-cause death and nonfatal myocardial infarction). Inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment was used to remove the selection bias. During the median follow-up period of 30 months, MACEs occurred in 55 patients. Patients with MACEs had significantly lower statin therapy (P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the patients on statins had a significantly reduced rate of MACE occurrence [adjusted hazard ratio 0.30 (0.11-0.81), P = 0.02]. The stratification analysis of outcomes according to the presence of clinical factors showed that beneficial effects of statin were associated with man, elderly, lower body mass index, lower abdominal circumference, hypertension, diabetes, higher C-reactive protein, symptomatic heart failure, lower left ventricular function, nonacute coronary syndrome, and shorter stent length. Statin was effective for the prevention of MACEs in patients on hemodialysis who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. We identified specific clinical factors affecting statin effectiveness for secondary prevention.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/tratamento farmacológico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo , Trombose , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Humanos , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/etiologia , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/terapia , Trombose/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose/etiologia , Trombose/cirurgia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ultrasound assessment of the carotid artery provides prognostic information on coronary events. This study examined whether ultrasound assessments of plaque echolucency of the carotid artery are useful for identifying patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who are at high risk but could benefit from lipid-lowering therapy for secondary prevention. METHODS: Ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque echolucency with integrated backscatter (IBS) analysis was performed in 393 chronic CAD patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels <100 mg/dL on statin therapy. All patients were prospectively followed up for a maximum of 96 months or until the occurrence of one of the following coronary events: cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unstable angina pectoris requiring unplanned revascularization. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 45 coronary events occurred. Patients were stratified by IBS (≤-16.3 or >-16.3 dB, median value) and LDL-C level (<70 or 70-99 mg/dL). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that patients with lower IBS and LDL-C 70-99 mg/dL had significantly higher probabilities of coronary events compared with those with higher IBS and LDL-C <70 mg/dL, after adjustment for a baseline model of risk factors (hazard ratio 5.15; 95% confidence interval 1.21-22.0, p = 0.03). In contrast, patients with lower IBS and LDL-C <70 mg/dL had an improved prognosis comparable with those with higher IBS. Addition of LDL-C levels to the baseline model of risk factors improved net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) in patients with lower IBS (NRI, 0.44, p = 0.04; and IDI, 0.035, p < 0.01), but not in those with higher IBS. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of echolucency of the carotid artery was useful for selecting CAD patients at high risk of secondary coronary events but who could benefit from lipid-lowering therapy.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Placa Aterosclerótica , Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , LDL-Colesterol , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores de Risco , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
AIM: To examine whether improvement in flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) has an additive effect on achieving optimal goals of traditional risk factors to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: We assessed 323 patients with CAD and impaired vascular function, defined as an impaired FMD of the brachial artery (ï¼5.5%) and increased baPWV (ï¼1,440 cm/sec). After FMD and baPWV measurements at 24 weeks of optimal medical treatment (OMT), the study patients were followed up for ï¼60 months or until a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina, or ischemic stroke occurs. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 35 months, cardiovascular events occurred in 72 patients. Multivariate Cox hazards analysis showed that patients with an improvement in FMD and baPWV had the lowest probability of future cardiovascular events. In addition, the improvement in FMD and baPWV had a significant incremental effect on the predictive value of the achievement of optimal goals for blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) using net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). CONCLUSIONS: The improvement in FMD and baPWV had additive effects on risk reduction of the achievement of the optimal goals of traditional risk factors in patients with CAD. Thus, serial measurements of FMD and baPWV may be useful for identifying CAD patients at residual risk for adverse cardiovascular events following OMT.
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Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Artéria Braquial/fisiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/prevenção & controle , Endotélio Vascular/fisiologia , Idoso , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Although coronary endothelial vasomotor dysfunction predicts future coronary events, few human studies have shown the relationship between persistent endothelial vasomotor dysfunction and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) using serial assessments in the same coronary artery. This study examined whether persistent endothelial vasomotor dysfunction is related to MACE occurrence in the infarct-related coronary artery (IRA) of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) survivors using serial assessments of the coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine (ACh). This study included 169 consecutive patients with a first acute STEMI due to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion and successful reperfusion therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention. Vasomotor response to ACh in the LAD was measured within 2 weeks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (first test) and repeated 6 months (second test) after AMI under optimal anti-atherosclerotic therapy. MACE was defined as the composite of all-cause death, non-fatal MI, angina recurrence requiring percutaneous intervention or surgical bypass, and hospitalization for heart failure. We followed up 126 patients for a period of ≤ 60 months until MACE occurrence after second test. Nineteen MACEs occurred during the follow-up. The log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that MACE occurrence was significantly associated with the persistent impairment of epicardial coronary artery dilation and coronary blood flow increases in response to ACh (log-rank test, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) (Hazard ratio, p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Persistent impairment of endothelial vasomotor function in the infarct-related conduit arterial segment and resistance arteriole were the significant predictor of future MACE occurrence in STEMI survivors.
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Vasos Coronários/fisiopatologia , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/fisiopatologia , Vasodilatação/fisiologia , Idoso , Angiografia Coronária , Vasos Coronários/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/cirurgiaAssuntos
Implantes Absorvíveis , Aneurisma Coronário/etiologia , Oclusão Coronária/terapia , Stents Farmacológicos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administração & dosagem , Aneurisma Coronário/diagnóstico por imagem , Oclusão Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desenho de Prótese , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although animal studies showed that Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) exerts cardioprotective effects against ischemic injury, little is known in humans. We examined whether FSTL1 is secreted in an infarcted myocardium and whether its production is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: FSTL1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma collected from the aortic root and the anterior interventricular vein in 93 patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction. Measurement of FSTL1 levels and left ventriculography were repeated during the early phase (2 weeks) and the chronic phase (6 months) after MI. A persistent increment in FSTL1 levels from the aortic root to the anterior interventricular vein, reflecting FSTL1 production in the infarcted myocardium at both the early and chronic phases, was seen in 22 patients (24%). A linear regression analysis revealed that a persistent transmyocardial increment in FSTL1 levels was significantly associated with percent changes in LV end-diastolic volume index, LV end-systolic volume index, and LV ejection fraction from the early to the chronic phase (râ¯=â¯0.44, 0.51, and -0.43, respectively, all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The persistent production of FSTL1 in the infarcted myocardium was associated with adverse LV remodeling in survivors of acute myocardial infarction.
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Proteínas Relacionadas à Folistatina , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Infarto do Miocárdio , Animais , Folistatina , Proteínas Relacionadas à Folistatina/genética , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Miocárdio , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Remodelação VentricularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion causes endothelial injury and dysfunction in the infarct-related coronary artery (IRA). Using serial assessment of coronary endothelial vasomotor function and left ventriculography (LVG), this study prospectively investigated the clinical impact of endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in the patent IRA on left ventricular (LV) remodeling in survivors of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: This study included 78 patients with STEMI due to occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and successful reperfusion therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention. All of them had LV ejection fraction (LVEF) <55%. LVG and the vasomotor responses to acetylcholine (ACh) in the LAD were examined within 2 weeks (1st test) and 6 months (2nd test) after MI. Cut-off values for coronary vasomotor dysfunction in response to ACh were based on the lower 10% of the distribution of coronary vasomotor responses to ACh in 20 control subjects. RESULTS: LV adverse remodeling, defined as a >10% increase in either LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and/or end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) from the 1st to the 2nd test, occurred in 21 (70%) of 30 patients with sustained impairment of the coronary flow response to ACh at both the 1st and 2nd tests and 14 (29%) of 48 in the other coronary flow response group (pâ¯<â¯0.01). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, a >10% increase in LVEDVI and LVESVI was respectively associated with sustained impairment of the coronary diameter and flow responses to ACh (OR 4.9 and 3.5, 95% CI 1.7-14.1 and 1.1-10.9, pâ¯<â¯0.01 and pâ¯=â¯0.03, respectively), that was independent of hypertension, peak creatine phosphokinase, and the baseline coronary flow response to ACh at the 1st test. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in the IRA was associated with LV adverse remodeling in STEMI survivors with successful reperfusion therapy.
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Vasos Coronários/fisiopatologia , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/patologia , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/fisiopatologia , Remodelação Ventricular , Idoso , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobreviventes , Função Ventricular EsquerdaRESUMO
Drug-coated balloons (DCB) are effective in treating in-stent restenosis (ISR) with neointimal proliferation after bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation, but it is unclear whether DCB are effective in treating BMS-ISR accompanied by thrombosis. An 84-year-old man with previous inferior myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation developed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during hospitalization for intracerebral hemorrhage. Emergent coronary angiography (CAG) revealed severe stenosis of the distal left circumflex coronary artery. We implanted a BMS to avoid long-term triple antithrombotic therapy. He received aspirin, clopidogrel, and rivaroxaban for 1 month and then received clopidogrel and rivaroxaban. Seventy days after BMS implantation, he developed AMI, and emergent CAG revealed occlusion of the BMS due to late stent thrombosis. After thrombus aspiration, intravascular ultrasound showed incomplete neointimal healing in the proximal portion of the stent and excessive neointimal proliferation in the distal portion of the stent. DCB angioplasty of the entire BMS was performed after scoring balloon pre-dilation. Seven months after BMS implantation, follow-up CAG revealed binary ISR. DCB angioplasty of the entire BMS was performed again after scoring balloon pre-dilation. Thirteen months after BMS implantation, follow-up CAG did not reveal recurrence of ISR.
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BACKGROUND: This study examined the predictive value of remnant lipoprotein levels for cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels <70 mg/dL on statin treatment.MethodsâandâResults:Serum levels of remnant lipoproteins (remnant-like lipoprotein particles cholesterol: RLP-C) were measured by an immunoseparation method in 247 consecutive patients with CAD who had on-statin LDL-C levels <70 mg/dL. All the patients were followed prospectively for a period of ≤60 months or until the occurrence of the primary composite endpoint of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring coronary revascularization, worsening heart failure, peripheral artery disease, aortic event, and ischemic stroke. During a mean follow-up period of 38 months, 33 CVEs occurred. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that higher RLP-C levels (≥3.9 mg/dL, determined by ROC curve) resulted in a significantly higher probability for the primary endpoint than did lower RLP-C levels (<3.9 mg/dL) (P<0.01 by log-rank test). Stepwise multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that RLP-C was a significant predictor of the primary endpoint after adjustment for known risk factors and lipid variables including triglycerides, and total apolipoprotein B (hazard ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.26-2.07, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: RLP-C levels are a residual risk factor for future CVEs in patients with CAD and on-statin LDL-C <70 mg/dL.
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LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/tratamento farmacológico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
AIM: Although coronary endothelial vasomotor dysfunction predicts future coronary events, there are few human studies showing the relationship between endothelial vasomotor dysfunction and atheroma plaque progression in the same coronary artery. This study examined whether endothelial vasomotor dysfunction is related to atheroma plaque progression in the infarct-related coronary artery of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) survivors using serial assessment of coronary plaque size with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine (ACh). METHODS: This study included 50 patients with a first acute STEMI due to occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and successful reperfusion therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). IVUS and vasomotor response to ACh in the LAD were measured within two weeks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (1st test) and repeated six months (2nd test) after AMI under optimal anti-atherosclerotic therapies. RESULTS: Percent atheroma volume (PAV) and total atheroma volume (TAV) in the LAD progressed over six months of follow-up in 18 and 14 patients, respectively. PAV and TAV progression was significantly associated with persistent impairment of epicardial coronary artery dilation and coronary blood flow increase in response to ACh at both the 1st and 2nd tests. PAV and TAV progression had no significant association with traditional risk factors, PCI-related variables, medications, and the coronary vasomotor responses to sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent vasodilator. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent impairment of endothelial vasomotor function in the conduit arterial segment and the resistance arteriole was related to atheromatous plaque progression in the infarct-related coronary arteries of STEMI survivors.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Placa Aterosclerótica/etiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/complicações , Sobreviventes/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema Vasomotor/patologia , Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasos Coronários/efeitos dos fármacos , Progressão da Doença , Endotélio Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Placa Aterosclerótica/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Sistema Vasomotor/diagnóstico por imagem , Sistema Vasomotor/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The precise mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) with increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remain largely unknown. Measurements of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) have been shown to be useful for risk assessment in HF patients. Thus, this study sought to define the association of PVR with baPWV and clinical outcomes in HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with HFpEF (nâ¯=â¯198) had measurements of baPWV and PVR by right heart catheterization, and were prospectively followed-up for <96 months or until the occurrence of a composite of all-cause death, hospitalization with worsening HF, and nonfatal acute coronary syndrome. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic analysis showed that baPWV was independently associated with PH with increased PVR (P < .001). During the follow-up period, 46 clinical events occurred. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that PH with increased PVR was a significant predictor of adverse outcomes after adjustment for conventional risk factors (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.03-3.76, Pâ¯=â¯.04). CONCLUSIONS: PH with increased PVR was associated with increased baPWV and adverse clinical outcomes in HFpEF. Thus, increased arterial stiffness may contribute to increased risk predictability of PVR for patients with HFpEF.
Assuntos
Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Medição de Risco/métodos , Resistência Vascular , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/etiologia , Idoso , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Volume SistólicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) is an inflammatory chemokine that plays a critical role in cardiovascular disease. Although persistent inflammation causes renal dysfunction, it remains unclear whether SDF-1α is related to progression of chronic kidney disease. This study examined whether high levels of SDF-1α are associated with future declines in renal function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Plasma levels of SDF-1α in the peripheral blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 344 patients with CAD. All patients were followed for 24 months or until the occurrence of renal dysfunction, defined as ≥ 25% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 36 patients developed renal dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high plasma levels of SDF-1α were significantly associated with progression of renal dysfunction (odds ratio 1.65; 95% confidence intervals 1.07-2.35, p = 0.03). In addition, high plasma levels of SDF-1α had a significant incremental effect on the predictive value of known risk factors for renal dysfunction in analyses using net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) (NRI 0.58 [0.07-1.02], p < 0.01; and IDI 0.030 [0.001-0.085], p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: High plasma levels of SDF-1α were associated with the short-term decline of eGFR in patients with CAD. Thus, SDF-1α may be useful for predicting the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with CAD.
Assuntos
Quimiocina CXCL12/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Nefropatias/sangue , Rim/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Nefropatias/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Murine membrane-bound phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R) is shed and released into plasma in a soluble form that retains all of the extracellular domains. Relatively little is known about human PLA2R. This study examined whether human soluble PLA2R has biological functions and whether soluble PLA2R exists in human plasma. Here, we showed that human recombinant soluble PLA2R (rsPLA2R) bound to collagen-I and inhibited interaction of collagen-I with the extracellular domain of integrin ß1 on the cell surface of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. As a result, rsPLA2R suppressed integrin ß1-mediated migratory responses of HEK293 cells to collagen-I in Boyden chamber experiments. Inhibition of phosphorylation of FAK Tyr397 was also observed. Similar results were obtained with experiments using soluble PLA2R released from HEK293 cells transfected with a construct encoding human soluble PLA2R. rsPLA2R lacking the fibronectin-like type II (FNII) domain had no inhibitory effects on cell responses to collagen-I, suggesting an important role of the FNII domain in the interaction of rsPLA2R with collagen-I. In addition, rsPLA2R suppressed the migratory response to collagen-IV and binding of collagen-IV to the cell surface of human podocytes that endogenously express membrane-bound, full-length PLA2R. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting showed the existence of immunoreactive PLA2R in human plasma. In conclusion, human recombinant soluble PLA2R inhibits integrin ß1-mediated cell responses to collagens. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether immunoreactive PLA2R in human plasma has the same properties as rsPLA2R.