Surgical management of consecutive exotropia: Long-term outcomes.

PURPOSE: To compare lateral rectus recession (LRc) and medial rectus advancement (MRadv) for correction of consecutive exotropia (CXT). METHODS: Of the 43 exotropic patients 20 of them underwent LRc (group 1) and 23 of them underwent MRadv (group 2). Postoperative exodrift, strabismic angle, dose effect relationship were compared with minimum 2 years follow­up. RESULTS: An average dose-effect in group 2 is higher than group 1 in the early postoperative period, however there was no significant difference at the second year follow-up (p=0,109). An average exodrift after 2 year follow-up was 6,6±7,12 PD in group 1, and 8,13±7,45 PD in group 2. Postoperative overall success rate was 50% in group 1 and 65% in group 2 at the last follow-up. The success rates were not significantly different between the groups (chi-square, p =0.31). CONCLUSION: Although there was no statistically significant difference at the last follow-up, better results were obtained with MRadv than LRc in the treatment of CXT.

Autofluorescence patterns as a predictive factor for neovascularization.

PURPOSE: To investigate fundus autofluorescence (FAF) patterns in patients with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to test if FAF patterns affect the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS: One hundred one patients with early AMD underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination. Fundus autofluorescence imaging was performed with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope following a standard protocol. The classification of the International Fundus Autofluorescence Classification Group was used for the description of the FAF patterns. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-eight eyes of 101 patients (59 women, 42 men) with a mean (±SD) age of 66.4 (±6.1) years were included. The mean (±SD) follow-up was 41.3 (±27) months. One hundred seventy-eight eyes presented various types of drusen with or without hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation at initial examination. During follow-up, a total of 22 (12.3%) eyes developed CNV. The most frequent pattern for CNV development was the patchy pattern in 30.4%, followed by linear in 25%, and reticular pattern in 20.8% of eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Fundus autofluorescence imaging using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope is a useful technique to identify FAF characteristics in patients with nonexudative AMD. Different patterns of FAF abnormalities can be obtained in these eyes. Our results indicate that patchy, linear, and reticular patterns are the specific patterns associated with CNV development in nonexudative AMD.

Macular Involvement and Response to Steroid Therapy Demonstrated by Optical Coherence Tomography in Non-arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy.

Two consecutive patients with anterior non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy were evaluated with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The optical coherence tomographic scans revealed subfoveal fluid and intraretinal fluid extending from the optic disc margin toward the fovea that made us think that the submacular fluid appeared to arise from the peripapillary region. Fluorescein angiography showed no accumulation in the macular area, whereas leakage and staining of the optic nerve was present. After systemic corticosteroid therapy, the submacular fluid decreased promptly and the visual acuity improved. Subretinal-fluid-associated disc oedema may develop in some patients with NAION and contribute to the visual loss associated with this condition. Optical coherence tomography should be performed to follow macular involvement in patients with neuro-ophthalmic disease as well as to monitor patients' response to treatment.