Short-term COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects among adults in Ekiti State, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The safety of the COVID-19 vaccines has been a topic of concern globally. This issue of safety is associated with vaccine hesitancy due to concerns about the adverse effects of the vaccines. Consequently, this study determined the short-term safety profile of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in Ekiti State, Nigeria. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between May and July 2021 among individuals who had received the first dose of the first batch of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A Google form was used to collect data on the adverse effects of the vaccine. RESULTS: Out of over 1,000 individuals who were approached, 758 respondents completed the study. A large percentage (57.4%) of those who received the vaccines were healthcare workers. Adverse effects were reported in 70.8% of the participants with most manifesting on the first day of the vaccination. The predominant adverse effects were injection site soreness (28.5%), followed by fatigue (18.7%) and muscle pain (8.6%). There was no report of severe adverse effects such as anaphylactic reactions, thrombosis, myocarditis, transient myelitis, or Guillen-Barre syndrome. CONCLUSION: This study found that self-reported adverse effects of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine were mild and short in duration. This outcome has promising implications for improving COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the immediate environment and Nigeria.

Diabetes mellitus foot ulcer and associated factors among Type 2 diabetes patients in a Tertiary Institution in Southwest Nigeria.

Aim: This study aims to assess the proportion of diabetic foot ulcer (DMFU) and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria. Methods: A pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the STEPwise Approach to Surveillance of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors of WHO.14 was used for data collection from a sample of 181 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and laboratory variables were collated from the participants. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to identify the predictors of DMFU. Results: A total of 166 patients had their questionnaires completed. The mean age (standard deviation) of the respondents was 62.6 (14.3) years. The proportion of DMFU was 18.7%. More than two-third (71.1%) of our respondents had clinical symptoms suggestive of peripheral neuropathy while 34.3% of the patients seen in the study had evidence of peripheral vascular disease on duplex Doppler ultrasound. Male patients were about five times more likely to have DMFU than female patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =5.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.001-27.841). Those with duration of diabetes ≥10 years were more likely to have DMFU than those with disease duration <10 years (AOR = 15.47; 95% CI = 1.201-199.314). Patients with fasting blood glucose (FBG) of ≥ 7.2 mmol/L were about four times more likely to have DMFU than those with FBG of <7.2 mmol/L (AOR = 4.19; 95% CI = 1.618-18.463). Conclusions: The proportion of DMFU was 18.7%, and the predictors identified included sex, duration of disease, and FBG level.

Résumé Objectif: Cette étude vise à évaluer la proportion de l'ulcère du pied diabétique (DMFU) et des facteurs associés chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2 dans un hôpital tertiaire du sud-ouest du Nigéria. Méthodes: Un questionnaire prétesté à un intervieweur semi-structuré adapté à l'approche par étapes de la surveillance des facteurs de risque de maladie non transmissibles de l'OMS.14 a été utilisé pour la collecte de données à partir d'un échantillon de 181 patients atteints de 17 diabète de type 2. Les variables sociodémographiques, comportementales, cliniques et de laboratoire ont été rassemblées auprès des participants. Le test du chi et la régression logistique a été utilisé pour identifier les prédicteurs du DMFU. Résultats: Un total de 166 patients ont réussi leurs questionnaires. L'âge moyen (écart-type) des répondants était de 62,6 (14,3) ans. La proportion de DMFU était de 18,7%. Plus de deux tiers (71,1%) de nos répondants présentaient des symptômes cliniques suggérant une neuropathie périphérique tandis que 34,3% des patients observés dans l'étude avaient des signes de maladie vasculaire périphérique sur l'échographie Doppler duplex. Les patients masculins étaient environ cinq fois plus susceptibles d'avoir du DMFU que les patientes (rapport de cotes ajustée [AOR] = 5,27; intervalle de confiance à 95% [IC] = 1,001­27,841). Ceux qui ont une durée de diabète ≥ 10 ans étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir du DMFU que ceux souffrant de durée de la maladie <10 ans (AOR = 15,47; IC à 95% = 1,201­199,314). Les patients atteints de glycémie à jeun (FBG) ≥ 7,2 mmol / L étaient environ quatre fois plus susceptibles d'avoir du DMFU que ceux avec FBG de <7,2 mmol / L (AOR = 4,19; IC à 95% = 1,618­18,463). Conclusions: La proportion de DMFU était de 18,7% et les prédicteurs identifiés comprenaient le sexe, la durée de la maladie et le niveau de FBG. Mots-clés: Ulcère du pied, Nigéria, diabète sucré de type 2.

Vulnerability of motorcycle riders and co-riders to injuries in multi-occupant crashes.

In developing countries, most motorcycles are ridden with more than one occupant. The objective of this study was to establish the relative vulnerability of riders and co-riders to injury and determine the injury risk factors in multi-occupant motorcycle crashes. Between January and December 2010, we collected crash and injury data from victims of multi-occupant motorcycle. It is a hospital-based study. The probability of sustaining injuries was similar for co-riders and riders, but co-riders were more likely to sustain severe injuries. Occupants of >2-occupant motorcycles were also more likely to be involved in risky behaviours like not wearing helmet and speeding than those on 2-occupant motorcycles. Occupants of motorcycles on which there were more than two occupants were at an increased risk of sustaining injuries compared with occupants of motorcycles with only two occupants (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-4.3). Motorcycle co-riders were more vulnerable to severe injuries than riders. The significance of the study finding to prevention was discussed.