Comparison of masticatory performance and oral hygiene status using cream-type denture adhesives and home liners: A cross-sectional study using propensity-score matching.

BACKGROUND: Differences in the effects of cream-type denture adhesives and home liners remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the differences in the oral-hygiene status and masticatory performance between participants using cream-type denture adhesives and those using home liners. METHODS: Masticatory performance with and without cream-type denture adhesives and home liners was evaluated using colour-changeable chewing gum. Oral hygiene was assessed using the tongue coating index (TCI). Propensity-score matching was performed using oral moisture, presence of palatal or mandibular protuberances, type of residual ridge, denture type (complete or partial denture), and denture retention as background factors. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine the differences in masticatory performance with and without cream-type denture adhesives and home liners and differences in masticatory performance and TCI between the cream-type denture adhesive and home-liner groups. RESULTS: This study included 38 and 40 cream-type adhesive and home-liner users, respectively, and 17 pairs were obtained after propensity-score matching. The Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed that masticatory performance was significantly different with and without the use of home liners, and higher values were obtained with the use of home-liners. However, the cream-type denture adhesive and home-liner groups showed no significant differences in terms of the change in masticatory performance with the use of them. Furthermore, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed that TCI values were significantly high in the cream-type adhesive group. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study suggest that home liners improve masticatory performance and that participants regularly using cream-type denture adhesives have poorer oral hygiene.

Accuracy of newly developed color determination application for masticatory performance: Evaluating color-changeable chewing gum.

PURPOSE: Color-changeable chewing gums are used to evaluate masticatory performance, as measured by a colorimeter or visually based on a color scale. Although anyone can use a color scale, the evaluation accuracy depends on the evaluator. We develop an application that can determine the degree of color change in chewing gum using smartphone images, making color evaluation accurate and easy to measure. METHODS: For the application, 60 chewed gum samples were prepared. Two shots were captured using two smartphone models. To create the application algorithm, a formula was developed to approximately map the color value from the smartphone images to the true value using a colorimeter. A basic validation was performed on 60 new samples covering a range of colors, followed by a field validation on 100 healthy dentate participants aged 20-39 years. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient for two repeated shots had a high value ≥ 0.97 in the basic and field validations, confirming reliability. No significant differences were observed in the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and a significant and strong correlation (correlation coefficient ≥ 0.92) was observed between the evaluation values using the colorimeter and the basic and field validations. Bland-Altman plots further confirmed the validity of the application. CONCLUSIONS: A software application was developed to enable easy, quick, and accurate determination of the masticatory performance of a chewing gum from images taken using a smartphone with highly reliable and validated results.

Association between Masticatory Performance, Nutritional Intake, and Frailty in Japanese Older Adults.

The older adult population in Japan is expected to increase. Therefore, long-term care and frailty prevention are important. However, the relationship between masticatory performance, nutritional intake, and frailty remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine energy, protein, and vitamin D intake and its association with frailty and masticatory performance in older adults. Patients between January 2022 and January 2023 were recruited and divided into robust and frail groups. Masticatory performance, nutrition, frailty, and other data, such as age and sex, were evaluated through onsite measurements and a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with frailty as a dependent variable and masticatory performance as an independent variable, adjusting for age, sex, skeletal muscle mass, living alone, energy intake, protein-energy ratio, and vitamin D intake. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding age or sex. The robust group showed significantly better results for protein-energy ratio, vitamin D intake, and subjective and objective masticatory performance than the frail group. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between skeletal muscle mass, protein-energy ratio, and objective masticatory performance with frailty. Masticatory performance was associated with frailty, independent of the intake of nutrients such as energy, protein, and vitamin D.

Factors Associated with Selection of Denture Adhesive Type: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

The type of denture adhesive, cream or home-liner, chosen by regular denture adhesive users and oral conditions contributing to this selection require elucidation. The factors associated with denture adhesive selection were investigated through a face-to-face survey on oral and denture conditions. Age, sex, oral moisture, masticatory performance, retention and stability of the removable denture, ridge shape, mucosal thickness, and duration of denture use were examined in cream and home-liner-type denture adhesive users who did not regularly visit a dentist. Univariate analysis and multivariate analyses were performed. There were 38 and 40 cream-type and home-liner-type adhesive users, respectively. The type of denture adhesive was significantly associated with the oral moisture value, retention, ridge shape, mucosal thickness, and duration of denture use in univariate analyses. The residual ridge conditions with large factor loadings for ridge shape and mucosal thickness and duration of denture use were significantly related to the denture adhesive selection in multivariate logistic analysis. The residual ridge conditions and duration of denture use were significant factors in the selection of cream- and home-liner-type denture adhesives. These results can provide appropriate guidance based on the adhesives patients without dental supervision are more likely to choose.

Factors related to masticatory performance in junior and senior high school students and young adults: A cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: Maintaining good masticatory function from a young age promotes lifelong health, yet limited studies have explored masticatory performance in young individuals. We investigated the relationship of sex, age, and individual oral functions with masticatory performance among junior and senior high school students and young adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included students aged 12-13, 14-15, and 16-17 years (groups S1, S2, and S3, respectively) and young adults aged 20-40 years (group YA). We assessed oral functions, the number of functional teeth, and anthropometric measurements. Masticatory performance was evaluated using color-changeable chewing gum. We analyzed sex-related differences in each group and age-related differences in each sex. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using masticatory performance as the dependent variable to investigate related factors. RESULTS: Among the 522 children and 100 young adults, males exhibited significantly higher masticatory performance than females in groups S1, S3, and YA. Among males, groups S2, S3, and YA exhibited significantly higher masticatory performance than group S1. Among females, group S2 exhibited higher masticatory performance than groups S1 and S3. Male sex, the maximum occlusal force and tongue pressure, and the number of functional teeth were significantly correlated with masticatory performance. CONCLUSIONS: Masticatory function development differed by sex, with males exhibiting higher masticatory performance than females. We identified that male sex, the maximum occlusal force and tongue pressure, and the number of functional teeth were significantly associated with masticatory performance. Our findings provide a basis for masticatory performance assessment in different age groups.