Trends and Patterns in Obesity-Related Deaths in the US (2010-2020): A Comprehensive Analysis Using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) Data.

Obesity is a significant public health issue in the United States, contributing to a range of chronic conditions and premature mortality. This study analyzes patterns in obesity-related deaths from 2010 to 2020 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database to identify trends and demographic disparities. A retrospective analysis was conducted using the CDC WONDER Database, focusing on mortality data associated with specific International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes for obesity (E66.0, E66.1, E66.2, E66.8, and E66.9). Data were extracted for the period from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. Mortality rates per 100,000 population were calculated and analyzed across different demographic groups, including age, gender, and race/ethnicity. The analysis revealed an overall increase in obesity-related mortality rates, rising from 1.8 per 100,000 in 2010 to 3.1 per 100,000 in 2020. Age-specific mortality rates showed a significant increase in older age groups, with the highest rates observed in individuals aged 55-64 years (6.4 per 100,000) and 65-74 years (7.2 per 100,000). Gender disparities were evident, with higher mortality rates in males (3.4 per 100,000) compared to females (2.8 per 100,000) by the end of the study period. Racial disparities were also noted, with Black or African American individuals experiencing the highest mortality rates (4.3 per 100,000). The study highlights a concerning upward trend in obesity-related mortality in the United States over the past decade, with notable disparities based on age, gender, and race. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions and policies aimed at reducing obesity prevalence and its associated mortality. Further research should explore the underlying causes and contributing factors to these trends to develop effective strategies for obesity management and prevention. Among the notable strengths of this study include the observation that it leveraged a comprehensive and decade-long countrywide database with detailed and up-to-date ICD-10 codes and demographic data to offer in-depth insights into obesity-related disparities and mortality trends in the United States. Nevertheless, the findings of this study have been limited by its increased focus on the United States' data, depending only on mortality records devoid of consideration of morbidity, alongside the lack of detailed data on lifestyle factors and comorbid conditions.

Cardiovascular Disease Patterns, Mortality, and Hospitalization Trends in Adults Over 18: Insights From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Database.

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, heart attacks, strokes, and hypertension, are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and public health initiatives, the prevalence of CVD continues to rise. Hence, understanding trends of predisposing factors for CVD and current treatment modalities such as medication use and frequency of hospitalization is essential for developing effective interventions and improving public health strategies. This study leverages Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to analyze these trends among adults older than 18 years. Methods Data were sourced from the BRFSS database, analyzing CVD patterns from 2019 to 2021. The study included adults with high cholesterol or blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Data analysis utilized age-adjusted prevalence, mortality, and hospitalization rates. Results The analysis of the BRFSS data revealed several key trends in CVD patterns from 2019 to 2021. There was a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the age-adjusted prevalence of adults taking medication for high cholesterol, rising from 28.9% to 31%, and for controlling high blood pressure, increasing from 57.7% to 60.4%. From 2019 to 2021, coronary heart disease mortality increased from 360,900 to 382,820, while stroke deaths rose from 150,005 to 162,890. Trends show rising mortality for both conditions despite missing data for some years. Mortality rates for coronary heart disease and stroke also rose and were statistically significant (p<0.05), with coronary heart disease mortality increasing from 88 to 92.8 cases per 100,000, and stroke mortality from 37 to 41.1 cases per 100,000. Hospitalization rates for heart failure among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older initially decreased in 2020, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic impacting hospital admissions, but rose again in 2021 as healthcare-seeking behaviors normalized. Significant gender and racial disparities were observed, with higher mortality rates among males (127.4 per 100,000) and Black, non-Hispanic individuals (110.5 per 100,000). Conclusions This study highlights the increasing medication use for cholesterol and blood pressure among adults older than 18 years, yet mortality rates for coronary heart disease and stroke persist. Significant gender and racial disparities in medication use and mortality rates were observed. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health intervention towards improving medication adherence and addressing social determinants of health, to reduce CVD burden and enhance health equity across diverse populations.

Analyzing HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Viral Suppression Disparities: Insights From America's HIV Epidemic Analysis Dashboard (AHEAD) National Database.

Despite advancements in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment and prevention, disparities in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and viral suppression persist across different demographics. This study analyzes data from America's HIV Epidemic Analysis Dashboard (AHEAD) National Database to identify and understand these disparities based on age, gender, and race/ethnicity. In this study, we utilized the AHEAD National Database, which tracks HIV indicators across various demographics, including age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Data from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed to assess trends in PrEP uptake and viral suppression rates. Viral suppression was defined as having less than 200 copies of HIV per milliliter of blood. Data analyses were conducted to identify disparities and trends over time. The study has found notable disparities in PrEP uptake and viral suppression. From 2017 to 2022, PrEP prescriptions significantly increased from 13.20% to 36% of those eligible, rising from 161,185 to 437,425. During the same period, viral suppression rates among people with HIV rose from 63.10% to 65.10%, with the total number of individuals achieving viral suppression growing from 538,414 to 663,121. Younger individuals and males had higher uptake rates compared to females. Racial and ethnic disparities were also evident, with higher PrEP uptake and viral suppression rates among White and multiracial individuals compared to Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino populations. Viral suppression rates generally improved across all groups but remained lower for marginalized communities. In conclusion, while there has been overall progress in PrEP uptake and viral suppression, significant disparities persist. Targeted interventions are needed to address these gaps, particularly among marginalized racial and ethnic groups and underserved age demographics. Continued monitoring and tailored public health strategies are essential for achieving equitable HIV care and prevention.

A Review of the Latest Guidelines for Diagnosing and Managing Asthma in Children in the United States and Canada.

Globally, asthma remains the most widespread chronic respiratory condition in children, with a larger proportion of children being affected by the condition. Regardless of the higher prevalence rates, the outcomes of pediatric asthma have remained inadequate, even as there are numerous preventable deaths (approximately 300 children in the United States and 250 children in Canada, annually). The characteristic symptoms of pediatric asthma include wheezing, cough, and shortness of breath that are characteristically triggered by several potential stimuli. However, several diagnostic challenges exist and have resulted in either overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis, making pediatric asthma diagnosis and management problematic. Effective management of asthma in children entails a holistic approach that encompasses non-pharmacological and pharmacological management, alongside self-management and educational aspects. Working with pediatric asthma patients and their families/caregivers is vital to promoting and realizing better asthma diagnosis and management outcomes. Educational guidelines regarding the best ways for effective treatment, avoidance of triggers, modifiable risk factors, and the actions that should be taken during chronic asthma attacks through individualized action plans are vital. Thus, the objective of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the latest guidelines on pediatric asthma diagnosis and management. In this regard, this review presents several similarities in existing pediatric asthma diagnosis and management guidelines in the United States and Canada. For instance, most guidelines and studies reviewed have proposed the use of objective tests for confirmation of asthma diagnosis, particularly in symptomatic individuals. The peak flow variability measurement, bronchodilator reversibility testing, and spirometry have also been proposed by the guidelines and studies, even as the recommendations regarding the timing and hierarchy of the objective test substantially vary between the guidelines and studies. We hope that the present review will be helpful to physicians and healthcare service providers working within pediatric health contexts.

Trends and Patterns in Emergency Department Visits: A Comprehensive Analysis of Adult Data From the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Database.

Background Emergency department (ED) visits among adults have increased in recent years, with the United States reporting 140 million ED visits in 2021, equating to an overall rate of 43 visits per 100 people. This trend underscores challenges in accessing primary care and addressing underlying health conditions. Understanding the trends and patterns in ED utilization is essential for informing healthcare policy and practice. Objective This study aims to comprehensively analyze trends and patterns in ED visits among adults using data from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) database. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of ED visit data from 1999 to 2019, focusing on adults aged 18 and over. The prevalence rates of ED visits were examined across demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic groups using datasets retrieved from the NCHS database. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA and chi-square tests to assess variations in ED visit rates. Results This study's findings revealed a consistent increase in overall ED visits among adults, from 17.2 ± 0.3% in 1999 to 21.7 ± 0.3% in 2019. Disparities in ED utilization were evident across demographic and socioeconomic groups. Females had slightly higher visit rates, and significant racial disparities were noted, with American Indian or Alaska Native and Black or African American individuals showing the highest visit rates. Age-specific variations were observed, with young adults (18-24 years) and older adults (65 years and above) exhibiting higher visit rates. Socioeconomic status and health insurance coverage emerged as significant determinants, highlighting disparities in healthcare access. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the trends and patterns of ED visits among adults, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address healthcare disparities and improve access to primary care services.

The Impact of Infectious Diseases on Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.

The complex connection between some infectious illnesses and some psychiatric disorders is an important area of study, with infections known to cause a diverse range of psychiatric symptoms. This association poses significant challenges for physicians in differentiating between mental illnesses induced by infections and those stemming from underlying psychiatric conditions. This study systematically synthesizes literature from various databases that explain the relationship between certain infectious diseases and specific psychiatric disorders. The systematic review explores mechanisms such as neuroinflammation, direct central nervous system (CNS) infection, and the interaction between the immune system and psychiatric conditions. The study examines various infectious pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, prion diseases, and fungi. An analysis of these findings is presented in the study's discussion section, along with a review of therapeutic methods such as drug use and psychological treatment. The review emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary teamwork and thorough clinical examinations in managing psychiatric symptoms caused by infections. It also highlights the significant role of public health measures in mitigating the impact of psychiatric diseases related to infectious illnesses. The study finds that current therapeutic methods include pharmacological and psychological treatments, which can effectively manage these conditions. The study has concluded that psychiatric manifestations are prevalent across various infectious diseases, including those caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Key mechanisms identified include neuroinflammation, direct infection of the CNS, and the immuno-psychiatric interface, all of which contribute to the development of psychiatric symptoms. The future of managing these complex conditions lies in a comprehensive approach that combines clinical, therapeutic, and public health strategies.

Revolutionizing Healthcare: How Telemedicine Is Improving Patient Outcomes and Expanding Access to Care.

Telemedicine uses digital technologies to provide healthcare services remotely, greatly improving patient access, especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review investigates telemedicine's effects on patient outcomes, access to care, and its role in the evolving healthcare landscape. Relevant studies were identified using MeSH terms and keywords through electronic databases and manual reference list screenings. The selected empirical studies, both quantitative and qualitative, examined telemedicine across various patient populations. The review categorized findings into themes related to patient outcomes and access to care. Telemedicine was found to be a transformative tool in chronic disease management, particularly in diabetes care. Significant improvements in patient health outcomes and cost savings were reported with telemedicine interventions. For example, telehealth platforms enhance diabetes management by increasing patient engagement and improving clinical metrics such as HbA1c levels. Additionally, telehealth services for diabetes-related foot disease (DFD) overcome geographical barriers, providing specialized care and improving patient access and satisfaction. In conclusion, telemedicine significantly improves patient outcomes, access, and satisfaction in chronic disease management, especially diabetes care. By overcoming geographical barriers and enhancing patient engagement, telehealth platforms have the potential to transform global healthcare delivery. Implementing these insights into practice can improve the accessibility and effectiveness of diabetes care worldwide, ensuring equitable and patient-centered healthcare solutions.

Analyzing Obesity Trends in American Children and Adolescents: Comprehensive Examination Using the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Database.

Background In the USA, obesity in children and adolescents has become a major public health concern. Childhood obesity has been linked to various cardiometabolic comorbidities all through one's life. Owing to the significant increment in childhood obesity rates, there has been an urgent need for the identification of the correlates and antecedents of adiposity and the cardiometabolic risk to enable early prevention of obesity. As such, the objective of this study is to analyze obesity trends in American children and adolescents from 1999 to 2018 using the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) database, as this will enable the identification of various risk factors and early prevention of childhood obesity. Objective This study aimed to comprehensively examine demographic factors impacting obesity prevalence, including gender, age groups (two to five, six to 11, and 12-19 years), race/ethnicity, and poverty level. Methods The study conducted a retrospective analysis using the NCHS database from 1999 to 2018. Utilizing NCHS data, we examined the evolution of obesity prevalence among children and adolescents. The analysis focused on demographic variations, including gender, age, race/ethnicity, and percentage of poverty level. SPSS version 24, a statistical software by IBM Corp. (Chicago, IL, USA), was used for database summarization, graphical representation, and presenting prevalence trends across all participants. Results Temporal trends in obesity prevalence exhibited notable fluctuations from 1999 to 2018. Utilizing NCHS data, the study revealed demographic disparities in age groups, genders, race/ethnicities, and socioeconomic status categories. Gender-based obesity variations persist, with boys consistently surpassing girls in prevalence (17.5% vs. 16%, p = 0.0231). Varied age group patterns emerged, peaking at 18.7% in 12-19 years, 17.7% in six to 11 years, and 11.2% in two to five years. Racially, Hispanic individuals had the highest prevalence (22.8%), followed by Mexican (22.0%) and Black or African American-only individuals (20.6%). White-only individuals showed 14.4%, and Asian-only individuals exhibited the lowest (9.4%). Lower socioeconomic brackets correlate with higher obesity instances, particularly below the 100% poverty level (20%). The 100-199%, 200-399%, and 400% or more categories contributed 18.6%, 16.6%, and 11.6%, respectively. Conclusion Our extensive examination of obesity trends among American children and adolescents from 1999 to 2018, utilizing the NCHS database, provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of demographic factors influencing this public health concern. The study reveals age-specific variations, emphasizing unique challenges during adolescence. Gender disparities, socioeconomic influences, and racial/ethnic impacts are evident, underscoring the need for further study. Our findings present several policy implications regarding the development of interventions aimed at reducing childhood obesity rates in the USA. For instance, the findings indicate the need for policymakers to develop policy interventions aimed at enabling the prevention of obesity during early infancy stages. The findings highlight the need for interventions aimed at reducing the obesity disparities observed between genders and races/ethnic groups. Developing and executing the interventions is prone to considerably reduce the obesity prevalence rates among children and adolescents in the USA.

A Systematic Review of the Effect of Stigmatization on Psychiatric Illness Outcomes.

A significant proportion of individuals with psychiatric disorders face dual challenges such as managing the symptoms and disabilities of their conditions and enduring stigma arising from misconceptions about mental illness. This stigma denies them quality-of-life opportunities, such as access to satisfactory healthcare services, better employment, safer housing, and social affiliations. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of stigmatization on psychiatric illness outcomes, particularly its influence on treatment adherence, treatment-seeking behavior, and care outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of 39 studies published between 2010 and 2024, focusing on the effects of stigmatization on psychiatric illness outcomes. The review utilized robust methodology following Cochrane guidance and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, including studies from 2010 to 2024 obtained from databases such as PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies, with most studies rated as moderate to high quality. The findings indicate that stigma in psychiatric illness is closely associated with several factors, including illness duration (mean effect size = 0.42, p < 0.05), frequency of clinic visits (mean reduction = 2.3 visits/year), and diagnosis of psychotic disorders (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.20-2.65). Stigma manifests through misinformation, prejudice, and discrimination, leading to significant barriers to accessing and adhering to psychiatric treatment, thereby worsening health outcomes. It leads to delays in accessing healthcare, poor adherence to medication and follow-up, and negative psychiatric health outcomes, including disempowerment, reduced self-efficacy, increased psychiatric symptoms, and decreased quality of life. Also, stigma extends to caregivers and healthcare professionals, complicating care delivery. This review highlights the need for effective interventions and strategies to address stigma, emphasizing the importance of educational interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of public stigma. Understanding the multifaceted nature of stigma is crucial for developing targeted approaches to improve psychiatric care outcomes and ensure better mental health services for individuals with mental illnesses.

Burden and Predictors of Depression in Populations With Coronary Heart Disease.

INTRODUCTION: Depression significantly impacts the quality of life and medical care in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study assesses the burden of depression in adults aged 40 years and above with CHD and evaluates predictors of depression in this population. It has been reported that approximately 17-44% of persons with CHD have a major depression diagnosis and that nearly 27% of individuals undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operation suffer depression following the procedure.  Methods: Data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey was used. The sample was made up of adults 40 years and above with CHD. A chi-square analysis was used to identify differences between those who were depressed and those who were not. Logistic and ordinal regression analyses were used to identify predictors of depression and severe depression, respectively. RESULTS: The proportion of adults 40 years and above with CHD who reported having depression was 863/1700 (50.5%). Among those who were ≥65, the proportion of those who reported depression and those who did not were similar (49.3% vs. 50.7%). Most women reported having depression (57.4% vs. 42.6%), while fewer men reported having depression (46.3% vs. 53.7%). The positive predictors of depression include being insured (odds ratio (OR) 1.26 (1.05-1.53), p = 0.016), college degree (OR 1.09 (1.01-1.18), p = 0.040), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.28 (1.15-1.42), p < 0.001), and hypertension (OR 1.34 (1.24-1.44), p < 0.001). The negative predictors of being depressed were age ≥65 (OR 0.74 (0.69-0.80), p < 0.001), male sex (OR 0.54 (0.50-0.58), p < 0.001), and ratio of family income (RFI) ≥1 (OR 0.68 (0.61-0.77), p < 0.001). The positive predictors of severe depression include diabetes mellitus (OR 1.38 (1.06-1.81), p = 0.019) and current cigarette use (OR 2.10 (1.44-3.07), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of adults 40 years and above with CHD have depression, and socioeconomic and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a high likelihood of depression. Cardiovascular risk factors alone predict the likelihood of severe depression. Interventions to address depression in CHD should target specifically these high-risk individuals.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Awareness of Precision Medicine Among Individuals With Depression and Anxiety.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of awareness of precision medicine among a nationally representative sample of individuals with self-reported depression and anxiety in the United States." METHODS: Data were obtained from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5, Cycle 4, which is a study administered by the National Cancer Institute and is nationally representative. The survey, conducted between February and June 2020, targeted non-institutionalized, civilian US adults aged 18 years and older. Utilizing survey-weighted logistic regression, predictors of precision medicine awareness were assessed, encompassing sociodemographic, health-related, and technological factors. RESULTS: Among 890 individuals with self-reported depression and/or anxiety, approximately 15.3% reported awareness of precision medicine. Participants who had a higher level of education and those who had increased health-linked social media usage were three times more likely to be aware of precision medicine compared to those who did not. Old age was also positively associated with increased awareness. CONCLUSION: The present study's findings have disclosed an alarming lack of awareness of precision medicine, particularly among mentally ill persons with anxiety or depression, in which the targeted subgroups, including individuals with lower education levels and limited health-linked social media utilization, indicated lower levels of awareness. As such, it is recommended that such disparities be tackled using customized interventions along with educational initiatives, as this is likely to improve awareness levels while also ensuring equitable and increased access to precision medicine within the context of mental health.

Analyzing Trends in Mental and Behavioral Health Support for Children: A Comprehensive Study Using National Survey of Children's Health Database.

Objective This study aimed to explore mental and behavioral health support trends for children aged 3-17, analyzing treatment and counseling using United States data from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) database. Methods Employing a retrospective observational design, we systematically retrieved and analyzed NSCH Database data from 2016 to 2020. The focus was on understanding mental and behavioral health treatment percentages over time, specifically targeting demographic variations such as age groups, gender, race/ethnicity, and the federal poverty level percentage. Graphical representation utilized Excel, summarizing results based on aggregated data for distinct time intervals, highlighting the importance of mental and behavioral health support for children aged 3-17. Results The study identified significant temporal trends in mental and behavioral health treatment, revealing notable fluctuations across demographic and socio-economic variables. Of the 22,812 participants, 51.7% (CI: 50.2-53.1%, n=12,686) received treatment, exposing disparities. Gender differences were evident, with higher treatment rates in females (53.7%, CI: 51.6-55.9%, n=6,166) than males (50.1%, CI: 48.2-52.0%, n=6,520). Age-specific patterns indicated lower intervention rates in younger children (33.5%, CI: 28.6-38.8%, n=447, ages 3-5) compared to adolescents (58.1%, CI: 56.2-59.9%, n=8, 222 ages 12-17). Conclusion The conclusion highlights significant temporal fluctuations and pronounced demographic disparities. Findings underscore varying prevalence rates among age groups, genders, racial/ethnic backgrounds, and socio-economic status categories. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers, informing targeted interventions to enhance mental and behavioral health support for United States children.

COVID-19 Vaccination Rates and Predictors of Vaccine Uptake Among Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Insights From the 2022 National Health Interview Survey.

Background and objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rates and predictors of vaccine uptake among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the United States are unknown. In light of this, we assessed COVID-19 vaccination rates in this population and evaluated predictors of vaccine uptake. Methods Using 2022 survey data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 1486 adults with COPD who responded with "yes/no" to whether they had received the COVID-19 vaccine were identified, including those who had received booster doses. A chi-square test was used to ascertain differences between those who had received the vaccine and those who had not, as well as between those who had received booster doses and those who had not. A logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Results A total of 1195 individuals among 1486 respondents with chronic pulmonary disease (78.4%) had been vaccinated against COVID-19, and 789/1195 (62.5%) had received booster shots. The majority of individuals were aged 65 years and above, exceeded the 1+ threshold for the ratio of family income to poverty (RFIP), and were covered by insurance. Positive predictors of COVID-19 vaccination were as follows: age 40 - 64 years (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.31 - 4.19; p=0.004) and 65 years and above (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.36 - 2.72; p<0.001), RFIP threshold of ≥1 (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.42 - 2.88; p<0.001), having a college degree (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.92 - 3.26, p=0.016), and being insured (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.46 - 6.66, p=0.003). The current smoking habit negatively predicted the uptake (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33 - 0.87, p=0.012). The positive predictors of COVID-19 vaccination boosters were as follows: age 40 - 64 years (OR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.39 - 5.30, p=0.003) and 65 years and above (OR: 4.85, 95% CI: 2.45 - 9.58, p<0.001). Being from the non-Hispanic (NH) black ethnicity negatively predicted receiving the COVID-19 booster (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36 - 0.85, p=0.007). Conclusions While COVID-19 vaccination rates are fairly satisfactory in COPD patients, the uptake of booster vaccines is relatively lower in this population. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are associated with poor vaccine uptake, and targeted interventions should be implemented to address these factors.

Sociodemographic predictors of hypertensive crisis in the hospitalized population in the United States.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertensive crisis (HC) encompasses hypertensive emergencies (HE) and urgencies (HU). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample was conducted, and all hospitalizations for HC were identified with their ICD-10 codes. A probability estimation of outcomes was calculated by performing multivariable logistic regression analysis, which took confounders into account. Our primary outcomes were SDs of HC. Secondary outcomes were myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, acute kidney injury (AKI), and transient ischemic attack (TIA). RESULTS: The minority populations were more likely than the Whites to be diagnosed with HCs: Black 2.7 (2.6-2.9), Hispanic 1.2 (1.2-1.3), and Asian population 1.4 (1.3-1.5), (p < 0.0001, all). Furthermore, being male 1.1 (1.09-1.2, p < 0.0001), those with 'self-pay' insurance 1.02 (1.01-1.03, p < 0.0001), and those in the <25th percentile of median household income 1.3 (1.2-1.3, p < 0.0001), were more likely to be diagnosed with HCs. The Black population had the highest likelihood of end-organ damage: MI 2.7 (2.6-2.9), Stroke 3.2 (3.1-3.4), AKI 2.4 (2.2-2.5), and TIA 2.8 (2.7-3.0), (p < 0.0001, all), compared to their Caucasian counterpart. CONCLUSIONS: Being of a minority population, male sex, low-income status, and uninsured were associated with a higher likelihood of hypertensive crisis. The black population was the youngest and had the highest risk of hypertensive emergencies. Targeted interventions and healthcare policies should be implemented to address these disparities and enhance patient outcomes.

Effectiveness of Single Fetal Membrane Sweeping in Reducing Elective Labor Induction for Postdate Pregnancies (38+0 to 40+6 Weeks): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND:  Postdate pregnancy is characterized by a heightened risk for both maternal and perinatal complications. Owing to the risks, clinicians frequently turn to elective labor induction as a management strategy for postdate pregnancies. However, patients are increasingly informed and apprehensive about this approach and its associated risks. This has prompted a search for alternative management methods that may encourage spontaneous labor in pregnant women. One such approach is the use of fetal membrane sweeping, a method known to increase the likelihood of spontaneous labor onset. Yet, it remains unclear whether a single fetal membrane sweeping procedure can effectively reduce the need for elective labor induction in postdate pregnancies while minimizing risks to both the mother and fetus. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single fetal membrane sweeping procedure conducted between 38+0 and 40+6 weeks of gestation in reducing the rate of elective labor induction among postdate pregnancies at Central Hospital Benin City, Nigeria. Secondary objectives included evaluating the impact of membrane sweeping on maternal and perinatal outcomes. METHODOLOGY: This open-label superiority randomized controlled study was carried out from June 2020 to March 2021, following ethical approval from the Hospital Management Board (HMB). One hundred and forty eligible participants, without contraindications to vaginal delivery, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group received a single fetal membrane sweeping procedure between 38+0 and 40+6 weeks of gestation, while the control group underwent vaginal examination only to assess the Bishop score. Participants were monitored until delivery. Data analysis was performed. Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The implementation of a single fetal membrane sweeping procedure effectively reduced the incidence of elective labor induction. Specifically, the membrane sweep group exhibited a significantly lower rate of elective labor induction compared to the control group (9.0% vs. 27.1%; p=0.0083). Moreover, a substantial proportion of the treatment group (91.4%) experienced spontaneous labor, while the control group reported a rate of 72.9%. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.0054). Notably, the control group exhibited a significantly longer mean time interval from recruitment to delivery (10.67±3.51 days) than the membrane sweeping group (3.64±4.123 days; p<0.05). Also, postdate women in the membrane sweep group were less likely to require cervical ripening with Foley's catheter than those in the control group (33.3% vs. 100%; RR: 0.33 (0.11-1.03); p=0.0057). Still, maternal satisfaction was significantly higher in the membrane-sweeping group (p<0.01). No significant differences were noted across the groups in maternal and neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: In low-risk term pregnancies, a single fetal membrane sweeping procedure is a superior alternative to no membrane sweeping in reducing the rate of elective labor induction for postdate pregnancies and in shortening the duration of term pregnancy.

Children With Special Health Care Needs: An Analysis of National Survey of Children's Health Database.

Background Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) represent a diverse pediatric population requiring healthcare services beyond typical childhood needs. This study analyzes data from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health Database to elucidate demographic patterns, prevalence rates, and nuanced factors influencing the health and well-being of CSHCN. Methods This retrospective observational study focuses on children aged 0-17 who are identified as CSHCN based on Maternal and Child Health Bureau criteria. A comprehensive analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) database examines key variables, including health outcomes, healthcare utilization, parental-reported health status, and socio-demographic factors. Stratified random sampling ensures national representation. Results The study encompassed 40,335 patients, revealing that 14.6% (CI: 14.0-15.3, n=6,445) of CSHCN received care in a well-functioning system. Across age groups, 19.1% (CI: 14.0-15.3, n=6,445) of CSHCN aged 0-5 received ongoing treatment, contrasting with 5.7% (CI: 5.2-6.2, n=1,599) in the 12-17 years group. Males exhibited a prevalence of 15% (CI: 14.1-15.9, n=3,674), and females had 14.2% (CI: 13.2-15.2, n=2,771). Racial disparities were noted; non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander children had a 3% (CI: 1.1-8.1, n=6) prevalence. Across Federal Poverty Level categories, prevalence ranged from 12.5% (CI: 11.5-13.6, n=1,753) to 17.7% (CI: 16.6-18.9, n=2,856). Notably, 18.5% (CI: 17.4-19.7, n=3,515) of children without adverse experiences were CSHCN. Among CSHCN in two-parent currently married households, 15.9% (CI: 15.0-16.8, n=4,330) received treatment, while those in unmarried households had a prevalence of 12.9% (CI: 10.5-15.7, n=335). CSHCN with parents born in the United States showed a prevalence of 15.4% (CI: 14.7-16.1, n=5,257). Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and demographic patterns of CSHCN. Limitations include potential recall bias and the retrospective study design. Despite these constraints, the findings lay a foundation for future research and targeted interventions, fostering a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of pediatric healthcare in the United States.

Trends in Arthritis Prevalence and Associated Chronic Health Indicators Among Adults: Insights From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Database.

Background Arthritis is a prevalent, chronic condition with significant implications for morbidity and healthcare utilization. Understanding trends in arthritis prevalence and associated chronic health indicators is vital for informing public health interventions and healthcare policies. Objective This retrospective study aimed to analyze trends in arthritis prevalence and associated chronic health indicators among adults using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database. Methods This retrospective study utilized data from the BRFSS database covering 2019 to 2022. Participants included United States adults aged 18 years and older who completed BRFSS surveys during the specified period. Primary variables included arthritis prevalence and its correlation with chronic health indicators and demographics. Data collection involved standardized telephone questionnaires administered annually, with rigorous attention to data quality and consistency. Prevalence estimates were calculated using weighted proportions, and statistical analysis utilized analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The study revealed relatively stable arthritis prevalence over the study period, with notable demographic variations. Arthritis prevalence remained stable (2019: 43.3%, 2021: 42.5%). Females consistently had higher rates than males (2019: 45%, 2021: 44.9%). Activity limitation, joint pain, and work limitation were more prevalent in arthritis patients. White, non-Hispanic individuals had higher rates than other groups. Physical inactivity increased from 2019 (29.4%) to 2022 (72.4%), particularly in males. Counseling for physical activity was lower in males. Targeted interventions are needed to address these disparities and improve arthritis management. Conclusion This study provides insights into trends in arthritis prevalence and associated chronic health indicators among United States adults. The findings underscore the importance of considering demographic factors in arthritis prevention and management strategies. Targeted interventions promoting physical activity counseling, particularly among high-risk populations, are warranted to address the rising trend of physical inactivity among individuals with arthritis.

Ensuring Continuity of Care: Effective Strategies for the Post-hospitalization Transition of Psychiatric Patients in a Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic.

In healthcare, continuity of care is a crucial element, especially for patients in the field of psychiatry who have recently been discharged from a hospital. The shift from inpatient to outpatient care poses challenges for patients and healthcare providers, including openness to treatment, competing priorities, financial insecurity, concerns and dilemmas faced by patients regarding their post-hospitalization life after improvements in symptoms, lack of social support, poor patient-doctor relationships, lack of insight, and stigma associated with mental illness. Therefore, it is vital to employ effective strategies to ensure patients receive the required care and support during this transition. This review delves into the significance of continuity of care for psychiatric patients post-hospitalization, effective strategies for the transition, and the challenges and barriers to implementation from the perspective of a family medicine practice. To analyze physicians' role in managing psychiatric patients post-hospitalization, we developed a comprehensive search strategy. This involved extracting relevant data, updates, guidelines, and recommendations. Our search spanned various online repositories, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, specifically focusing on US-based guidelines aligned with our objectives. The search was conducted using medical subject headings (MeSH) and combinations of "OR," "AND," and "WITH." We crafted keywords to optimize our search strategy, including psychiatric illness, post-hospitalization, follow-up, follow-up care, primary care follow-up, and guidelines. Exploring online repositories yielded 132 articles, and we identified some guidelines that addressed our objectives. We established inclusion and exclusion criteria for our review and reviewed 21 papers. Post-hospitalization follow-up is a critical facet of psychiatric care, aligning with guidelines from the American Psychiatric Association and other relevant sources. Emphasizing continuity of care ensures a smooth transition from inpatient to outpatient settings, sustaining therapeutic momentum and minimizing the risk of relapse. This comprehensive approach involves careful medication management, regular mental health assessments, education on condition-specific coping strategies, and coordinated care between healthcare providers. It includes conducting risk assessments, safety planning, building social support and community integration, prompt post-hospitalization follow-up, and tailored treatment plans. Together, these measures enhance overall wellness for recently discharged patients. This holistic strategy tackles pressing short-term needs while facilitating long-term stability, promoting resilience and successful community reintegration, reducing readmission likelihood, and ultimately supporting sustained recovery.

Correction: Effect of Avocado Consumption on Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41189.].

Oral Health Considerations for Adults Aged 18 Years or More Seeking Dental Care in the Past Year: A CDC Oral Health Data Analysis.

BACKGROUND:  Oral health is an essential aspect of overall well-being, with regular dental care being fundamental to its maintenance. This study focuses on understanding dental care utilization among adults aged 18 and above who have visited a dentist or dental clinic in the past year, aiming to uncover patterns, disparities, and determinants of oral health practices within this demographic. METHODS:  Data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Oral Health dataset were utilized to conduct this analysis. The dataset encompasses a diverse and nationally representative sample of adults aged 18 and above. The study explored the proportion of adults who sought dental care between 2008 and 2020, further stratified by demographic variables including age, gender, income, education, and race. The analysis provides insights into the prevalence of dental care utilization and the role of demographic factors in shaping oral health behaviors. RESULTS:  The study found that 64.8% (n =397,291; 95% CI: 64.4 - 65.2) of adults aged 18 and above visited a dentist or dental clinic in 2020. Subgroup analysis revealed variations in dental care use by age, gender, income, education, and race. Among genders, 67.4% (n = 150,510; 95% CI: 66.9 - 67.9) of females sought care in 2020, compared to 61.9% (n = 116,535; 95% CI: 61.4 - 62.4) of males. Those earning >$50,000 had the highest proportion, 75.3% (n = 13,363; 95% CI: 74.8 - 75.8), seeking care. Among racial groups, White adults had the highest proportion, 68.4% (n = 204,486; 95% CI: 68.0 - 68.8) in 2020. In education groups, college graduates or professionals had the highest, 77.3% (n = 121,800; 95% CI: 76.8 - 77.8) in 2020. Among ages, adults aged 65+ had the highest proportion, 67.1% (n = 96,012; 95% CI: 66.4 - 67.8) in 2020. However, as age decreased, dental visit proportion generally remained within the same range. CONCLUSION:  This study enhances our understanding of dental care utilization patterns within the studied population, shedding light on disparities in oral health practices. Moreover, it provides insight into how demographic factors shape dental/oral healthcare-seeking behaviors. Ultimately, these insights guide efforts to improve oral health outcomes and well-being within this population.