Association between leisure-time physical activity and musculoskeletal pain before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in working adults.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had major impacts on the physical lives of individuals, especially on home office workers. In this way, the practice of physical activity has been identified as an ally in the reduction and prevention of musculoskeletal pain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between leisure-time physical activity and musculoskeletal pain in adult workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 374 workers of both sexes (age = 46.5±10.5 years). Leisure-time physical activity, number of pain sites, and musculoskeletal pain status were investigated using a questionnaire designed for the study. Statistical analysis was performed using Multinomial Logistic Regression. The significance level adopted was 5%. RESULTS: A significant association was found between physical activity status and the number of pain sites (p = 0.002). In addition, an inverse association was found between physical activity before and during the quarantine and the number of pain sites (two pain sites - OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.2-0.7; three or more pain sites - OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.1-0.5). Physical activity interruption during quarantine increased pain perception by 2.86 times (OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.0-7.5). CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that physical activity before and during the pandemic was a protective factor for body pain during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sleep duration and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association with physical activity and screen time among Brazilian college students.

BACKGROUND: As a result of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in sleep patterns have been observed in many countries, as well as changes in physical activity and screen time. The objective was to investigate sleep duration and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with physical activity and screen time. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with students from a University in Rio de Janeiro who answered an online questionnaire between August 2020 and March 2021. Physical activity was assessed using IPAQ-SF. Sleep was investigated based on questions about duration and sleep quality change, and screen time through self-reported questions. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the association between physical activity and screen time with sleep duration and quality. Secondary analyses investigated the influence of the isolation time on this association. The confounding factors used were diagnosis of COVID-19, time of isolation, anxiety, depression, skin color, and gender. RESULTS: A total of 771 college students with a mean age of 24.5 years (±8.6) answered the questionnaire. About 75% reported more than 8 h of screen time per day and 49.8% were physically inactive. Regarding sleep, 54.9% had worsening sleep, while 40.6% had inadequate sleep duration during the pandemic. Physical activity was associated with improved sleep quality (Odds ratio (OR) 1.72; confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05-2.97). Also, physically active students who spent more than 14 weeks in social isolation demonstrated improved sleep quality (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.78) compared to physically inactive individuals. No association was observed for sleep duration. No association was observed between screen time and sleep quality, or sleep duration. CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was considerable worsening of sleep quality, and physical activity was positively associated with improved sleep quality.

Motivational factors for adult amateur volleyball athletes / Fatores motivacionais de atletas de voleibol amador adulto

ABSTRACT Volleyball is one of the most popular recreational and competitive sports in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the main factors that motivate amateur volleyball players and to determine whether they differ between sexes. The sample consisted of 200 athletes, with a mean age of 26.5 ± 5.5 years, from amateur teams of the adult category who participated in the Rio de Janeiro State Volleyball League, being 100 men (25,8±5,4) and 100 women (27,1±5,6). The Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ), adapted and validated for Brazil, was used for this purpose (Barroso, 2007). The results indicated that affiliation, health, technical improvement and physical conditioning are the most important factors for practitioners. Thus, the predominance of intrinsic self-regulated motives was evident, which contribute to lasting links with sports practice.

RESUMO O voleibol é um dos esportes mais populares do mundo, praticado tanto de forma recreativa quanto competitiva. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar os principais fatores que motivam os praticantes do voleibol amador de caráter competitivo, bem como investigar se diferem em função do sexo. A amostra foi composta por 200 atletas, com média de idade 26,5±5,5 anos, de equipes amadoras, da categoria adulto, participantes da Liga de Voleibol do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo 100 homens (25,8±5,4) e 100 mulheres (27,1±5,6). Para isso, recorreu-se à Escala de Motivos para a Prática Esportiva (EMPE), adaptada e validada no Brasil (Barroso, 2007). Os resultados indicaram que a Afiliação, Saúde, Aperfeiçoamento Técnico e Condicionamento Físico são os fatores mais relevantes para os praticantes. Assim, evidenciou-se a predominância de motivos de ordem intrínseca autorregulada, que destacam para vínculos duradouros com a prática esportiva.

Correction: Psychosocial and environmental determinants of physical activity in a Brazilian public university employees-ELDAF: A prospective cohort study protocol.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263385.].

Prevalência de dores nas costas em adultos praticantes de atividade física: estudo de base populacional / Prevalence of back pain in adults practicing physical activity: a population-based study

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a prevalência de indivíduos que praticam atividade física com dores nas costas e a prevalência de dores nas costas em cada modalidade de atividade física praticada por adultos. Foram utilizadas as informações dos indivíduos selecionados para responder o questionário individual da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS). A amostra do presente estudo foi composta 15043 indivíduos, com faixa de idade entre 18 e 59 anos de idade, praticantes de atividades físicas, que responderam todas as questões selecionadas. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada de maneira descritiva, para análise da prevalência de indivíduos adultos ativos fisicamente com dores nas costas e, ainda, entre os praticantes de cada modalidade de atividade física relatada, com as respectivas frequências e intervalos de confiança. Nos resultados foram apresentados valores de 2055 (15,9%) indivíduos adultos praticantes de atividade física com dores nas costas. A prevalência em mulheres (19,6%) e em adultos de meia idade (24,2%) tende a ser maior que em homens (12,0%) e em adultos mais jovens (12,6%), respectivamente. A caminhada foi a atividade mais procurada e a prevalência de dores foi de 20,3%. Outras atividades que podem trazer benefícios às dores nas costas apresentaram prevalências consideradas altas, possivelmente por serem procuradas para fazerem parte do tratamento. Por modalidades específicas de atividade física, os valores de prevalência de dores nas costas são variados quando a população é dividida em grupos por sexo e idade. Entretanto, não é possível estabelecer uma relação de causalidade entre estas atividades físicas e a dor nas costas devido limitações dos dados coletados. Os valores das prevalências observados neste estudo devem ser considerados importantes para reflexões acerca de atividades físicas adequadas e à prescrição e controle de exercícios. (AU)

The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of individuals who practice physical activity with back pain and the prevalence of back pain in each type physical activity practiced by adults. Individuals selected to answer the individual questionnaire from the National Health Survey (PNS) were part of the study. The sample consisted of 15043 individuals, aged between 18 and 59 years old, who practice physical activities, who answered all selected questions. The statistical analysis of the data was performed descriptively for the prevalences, with frequencies and confidence intervals, of adult individuals physically active with back pain and, also, among the practitioners of each type of physical activity reported.The results showed values for 2055 (15.9%) adult individuals physically active with back pain. The prevalence in women (19.6%) and middle-aged adults (24.2%) tends to be higher than in men (12.0%) and in younger adults (12.6%), respectively. Walking was the most sought after activity and the prevalence among practitioners was 20.3%. Other activities that can bring benefits to back pain had prevalences considered high possibly because they were sought as part of the treatment. By specific modalities of physical activity, the prevalence values of back pain are varied when the population is divided into groups by sex and age. However, a causal relationship is not possible between these physical activities and back pain due to limitations of the data collected. The pr evalence values found should be considered of concern, mainly for the indication of adequate physical activity and the prescription and control of exercises. The prevalence values observed in this study should be considered important for reflections on adequate physical activities a nd the prescription and control of exercises. (AU)

Psychosocial and environmental determinants of physical activity in a Brazilian public university employees - ELDAF: A prospective cohort study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Increased physical activity levels and their determinations are essential issues worldwide. The Longitudinal Study of Physical Activity Determinants (ELDAF) aims to understand the roles of psychosocial and environmental factors in workers' physical activity levels. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of non-faculty civil servants from a public university (approximately 1,200 individuals) will start in 2022 (baseline). The primary measurements will be accelerometer- and questionnaire-based physical activity, social support, social network, socioeconomic status, bereavement, job stress, body image, common mental disorders, depression, and neighborhood satisfaction. Additional measurements will include necessary sociodemographic, physical morbidity, lifestyle and anthropometric information. Participants' places of residence will be geocoded using complete addresses. All participants will furnish written, informed consent before the beginning of the study. Pilot studies were performed to identify and correct potential problems in the data collection instruments and procedures. ELDAF will be the first cohort study conducted in Latin America to investigate physical activity and its determinants.

Psychological Aspects, Physical Activity Levels and Overweight Concerns: A Cross-over Study of Brazilian Adolescents.

Introduction: This study aims to identify levels of anxiety, depression, body weight, and levels of physical activity, as well as to verify possible associations among these variables in Brazilian adolescents. It is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 291 Brazilian adolescents aged 13 to 15 years old (13.75±0.80 years old). Methods: Researchers assessed students by filling out questionnaires of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the level of physical activity and checking anthropometric measures. Parametric and non-parametric statistics were used to compare groups divided by psychological, physical and overweight factors for boys and girls, adopting a significance level of 95%. Results: Results showed higher waist circumference and physical activity levels for boys (p<0.01) and higher scores for anxiety and depressive symptoms questionnaires for girls (p<0.01). In addition, a low prevalence of depression was observed in boys (0.69%/CI0.03-4.36). For anxiety and depression variables in males and females with and without overweight and physically active and inactive, there were significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), but not within groups. Conclusion: The identification of a higher prevalence of girls with anxiety and depression was observed in this study and reinforced this information already demonstrated in the scientific literature. In general, the prevalence of depression was low in boys, while the prevalence of overweight, sedentary lifestyle, anxiety and depression were higher in girls.

Association between social support and frequency of physical activity in adult workers.

Introduction: The benefits of taking up physical activity are well established and social support has been identified as one of the main determinants of this behavior. Objectives: To investigate the association between social support and weekly frequency of physical activity in adults working at a public university in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional population study with a convenience sample of 189 contract workers of both sexes, aged from 21 to 72 years (39.00 ± 11.43). The instruments employed were the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Social Support for Physical Activities Scale. Fisher's exact test was used to estimate the distribution of physical activity frequency. Poisson regression was used for association analyses. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: A significant association was detected between social support and weekly physical activity frequency (p < 0.05). Social support for physical activity of moderate or vigorous intensity was associated with both weekly frequency of walking (odds ratio [OR]: 1.32; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.11-1.58) and weekly frequency of vigorous physical activity (OR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.08-1.67). Additionally, people who reported receiving social support for walking were more likely to have increased weekly frequency of walking (OR: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.00-1.49). Conclusions: Social support for physical activity from relatives and friends is associated with weekly physical activity frequency. Notwithstanding, this association was stronger for weekly frequency of vigorous intensity physical activity.

Introdução: Os benefícios advindos da adoção da atividade física estão bem consolidados, e o apoio social tem sido apontado como um dos principais determinantes desse comportamento. Objetivos: Investigar a associação entre apoio social e frequência semanal de atividade física em adultos trabalhadores de uma universidade pública do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional, abarcando uma amostra de conveniência de 189 funcionários terceirizados de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 21 e 72 anos (39,00 ± 11,43). A versão curta do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física e a Escala de Apoio Social para Atividades Físicas foram os instrumentos utilizados. Para estimar a distribuição da frequência em atividades físicas, foi aplicado o teste exato de Fisher. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para análise de associação. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Uma diferença significante foi encontrada entre apoio social e frequência semanal de atividade física (p < 0,05). O apoio social para atividade física de intensidade moderada ou vigorosa esteve associado tanto com frequência semanal de caminhada (razão de chances [OR, de odds ratio]: 1,32; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1,11-1,58) quanto com frequência de atividade física vigorosa (OR: 1,34; IC95%: 1,08-1,67). Além disso, indivíduos que reportaram receber apoio social para caminhada tiveram mais chances de aumentar a frequência semanal de caminhada (OR: 1,22; IC95%: 1,00-1,49). Conclusões: O apoio social para atividade física advindo de familiares e amigos está associado à frequência semanal de atividade física. Contudo, a associação se mostrou mais evidente para frequência semanal de atividade física de intensidade vigorosa.

Association between occupational stress, social support at work, and physical activity in outsourced workers.

Introduction: Psychosocial factors at work can affect individuals' physical and mental health. In this sense, evidence shows that physical activity and social support at work promote benefits to workers' health, especially regarding stress reduction. Objectives: To evaluate the association between occupational stress, social support at work, and weekly frequency of physical activity among outsourced workers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample comprising 182 outsourced workers of both sexes and different positions, aged between 21 and 72 years (39 ± 11.4); the participants answered the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire for assessing occupational stress and social support at work and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form for assessing the frequency of physical activity. The association between constructs was investigated through a Poisson regression. The significance level was set to 5%. Results: A significant inverse association (p < 0.05) was found between passive work and frequency of physical activity (walking) among women (relative risk 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.5-0.9), whereas for men, this association was found with the frequency of vigorous-intensity physical activity (relative risk 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.4-0.9). However, a significant inverse association (p < 0.05) between social support and physical activity was found only among women (relative risk 0.66; 95% confidence interval 0.4-0.9) and for moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (relative risk 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.4-0.9). Conclusions: Occupational stress and social support at work are associated with weekly frequency of physical activity. Nevertheless, disparities can be seen between men and women and depending on the intensity of physical activity.

Introdução: Fatores psicossociais do trabalho podem afetar a saúde física e mental dos indivíduos. Neste sentido, evidências mostram que a atividade física e o apoio social no trabalho promovem benefícios à saúde de trabalhadores, sobretudo na redução do estresse. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação entre estresse ocupacional, apoio social no trabalho e frequência semanal de atividade física em trabalhadores terceirizados. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de 182 trabalhadores terceirizados de ambos os sexos e de diferentes cargos, com idade entre 21 e 72 anos (39±11,4), os quais responderam ao questionário Demand Control-Support Questionnaire, para avaliar o estresse ocupacional e o apoio social no trabalho, e ao Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física curto, para avaliar a frequência da atividade física. A associação entre os constructos foi investigada através da regressão de Poisson. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Uma associação inversa significativa (p < 0,05) foi encontrada entre trabalho passivo e frequência de atividade física de caminhada para mulheres (risco relativo de 0,70; intervalo de confiança de 95% de 0,5-0,9), enquanto, para homens, foi encontrada com frequência de atividade física vigorosa (risco relativo de 0,70; intervalo de confiança de 95% de 0,4-0,9). Todavia, uma associação inversa significativa (p < 0,05) entre apoio social e atividade física foi encontrada apenas em mulheres (risco relativo de 0,66; intervalo de confiança de 95% de 0,4-0,9) e para intensidade moderada e vigorosa (risco relativo de 0,65; intervalo de confiança de 95% de 0,4-0,9). Conclusões: Estresse ocupacional e apoio social no trabalho estão associados à frequência semanal de atividade física. No entanto, disparidades podem ser observadas entre homens e mulheres e intensidade de atividade física.

Comparação entre processamentos de dados do acelerômetro gt3x+ para atividade física moderada e vigorosa / Comparison between data processing from gt3x+ accelerometer for vigorous and moderate physical activity

RESUMO O uso do acelerômetro para mensurar a atividade física em pesquisas epidemiológicas, apresenta desafios para aumentar a comparabilidade entre os estudos que utilizam esse equipamento. Nesse sentido o objetivo deste trabalho é comparar estimativas de tempo em AFMV para adultos provenientes de diferentes métodos de processamentos de dados, através do acelerômetro Actigraph GT3X+. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, da linha de base do estudo piloto do Estudo Longitudinal dos Determinantes da Atividade Física. Amostra contou com 31 funcionários terceirizados de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 47.05anos (DP=9.35). Os participantes utilizaram acelerômetros do modelo GT3X+ durante sete dias consecutivos. A estimativa de tempo de AFMV foi gerada através de software Actilife e R-package GGIR. Análises estatísticas descritivas, ANOVA e pos-hoc de Bonferroni para comparabilidade foram realizadas no software R. Análise de Bland-Altman foi realizado no SigmaPlot para avaliação de viés e concordância. Houve diferença significativa no tempo médio de AFMV entre os dados baseados em counts e dados brutos (p<0,001). O tempo médio em AFMV foi menor a partir do processamento por dados brutos do que o em counts (-264,81min/dia; p<0,001). Concluindo que os achados sugerem não haver, estatisticamente, equivalência entre os métodos comparados para estimar tempo de AFMV.

ABSTRACT The use of accelerometers to measure physical activity in epidemiological research presents challenges to increase comparability between studies that use this equipment. In this sense, the objective of this work is to compare time estimates in MVPA for adults from different data processing methods, using the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer. This is a cross-sectional study, from the baseline of the pilot study of the Longitudinal Study of the Determinants of Physical Activity. Sample had 31 outsourced employees of both genders, with an average age of 47.05 years (SD=9.35). Participants used GT3X+ model accelerometers for seven consecutive days. The MVPA time estimate was generated using Actilife and R-package GGIR software. Descriptive statistical analyses, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc for comparability were performed in the R software. Bland-Altman analysis was performed in SigmaPlot to assess bias and agreement. There was a significant difference in the mean time of MVPA between count-based data and raw data (p<0.001). The average time in MVPA was shorter from processing by raw data than in counts (-264.81 min/day; p<0.001). Concluding that the findings suggest that there is no statistically equivalence between the methods compared to estimate MVPA time.

Cross-cultural adaptation of body image assessment instruments for university students: a systematic review.

The theoretical-methodological process of cross-cultural adaptation of scales is fundamental for the expansion of research possibilities related to a given area and population, as instrument adequacy allows for the consistent assessment of the construct being studied. This article aims to highlight the different theoretical-methodological processes of cross-cultural adaptations of scales for assessing body image among young university students. The articles were selected in February 2020, with the following search descriptors: ("body image") and (young or "college students" or graduating or graduat *) and ("cross-cultural validation" or "cross-cultural adaptation"), in three databases-Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, without any time restrictions. Altogether, 304 studies were surveyed on the different bases mentioned above, and 14 studies published between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated. This study highlighted the methodological procedures used in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, as well as the population, the types of validity and reliability, and also the main limitations, strengths, and results reported in each study included in this review. The information presented in this review will allow new researchers to make more appropriate choices about instruments for assessing body image in young university students, in addition to presenting the methodological evolution on this theme.

Psychosocial determinants of physical activity among workers: an integrative review.

Knowledge of the psychosocial determinants of physical activity is critical to informing preventive and therapeutic interventions in the workplace. This study reviewed available evidence on psychosocial factors that have been associated with physical activity among workers. Studies were selected in December 2019 from the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, with no date limits, using the following search terms: "physical activity", "physical exercise", "psychosocial", "workers", and "working-age". Thirty-nine studies published between 1991 and 2019 were evaluated. The determinants of physical activity investigated among workers were smoking status, stress, psychosocial working conditions, depression, anxiety, social relationships, work ability, job satisfaction, burnout, and self-efficacy. Some consistencies and controversies were observed in the associations among these determinants and physical activity and are discussed, as are suggestions for future studies. The findings of this review may be of interest to physical activity interventions designed to reduce psychosocial risks factors in work environments.

Association between Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Depression among Middle-income Country Adults: Evidence from National Health Survey.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and depression in adults. METHODS: A total of 52,611 individuals aged between 18-59 years old were evaluated for symptoms of depression and CRF. The presence of depressive symptoms was self-report through the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the CRF was predicted from a non-exercise equation. The association between CRF and the presence of depression was determined by crude and multivariable-adjusted logistic regressions. RESULTS: The associations were identified between symptoms of depression and CRF in both unadjusted and adjusted models. After adjusting for age categories, sex, body mass index categories, educational level, marital status, smoking, and alcohol use, the individuals with moderate CRF had 18% lower odds of depression (OR: 0.82, CI 95%: 0.71 - 0.95) compared to individuals with low CRF. CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms are inversely related to CRF levels in adults.

Cross-cultural adaptation of body image assessment instruments for university students: a systematic review

Abstract The theoretical-methodological process of cross-cultural adaptation of scales is fundamental for the expansion of research possibilities related to a given area and population, as instrument adequacy allows for the consistent assessment of the construct being studied. This article aims to highlight the different theoretical-methodological processes of cross-cultural adaptations of scales for assessing body image among young university students. The articles were selected in February 2020, with the following search descriptors: ("body image") and (young or "college students" or graduating or graduat *) and ("cross-cultural validation" or "cross-cultural adaptation"), in three databases—Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, without any time restrictions. Altogether, 304 studies were surveyed on the different bases mentioned above, and 14 studies published between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated. This study highlighted the methodological procedures used in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, as well as the population, the types of validity and reliability, and also the main limitations, strengths, and results reported in each study included in this review. The information presented in this review will allow new researchers to make more appropriate choices about instruments for assessing body image in young university students, in addition to presenting the methodological evolution on this theme.

Association between type 2 diabetes and non-exercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness among adults: evidences from a middle-income country.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) estimated through a non-exercise model in a large representative group of Brazilian adults. STUDY DESIGN: The study design of this study is a cross-sectional population-based study. METHODS: The presence of T2D was assessed through self-report in 42,631 individuals aged 20-59 years. The CRF was predicted from a non-exercise equation containing the following data: sex, age, body mass index, and physical activity level. The corresponding metabolic equivalent (MET) value was used to classify participants into the following four groups based on the cutpoints: <6, 6-9, 10-11, and ≥12 METs. Crude and multivariable-adjusted logistic regressions were carried out to determine the association between CRF and the presence of diabetes. RESULTS: Significant linear trends were observed in diabetes across different categories of CRF in men. In women, however, linear trends were not observed in T2D across '10-11' and '≥12' categories. A 1-MET increase in estimated CRF was associated with 29% lower odds of diabetes in men and 14% in women after adjusting all the potential confounders (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of T2D was inversely associated with every CRF level in men and with 6-9 METs when comparing with <6 METs in women, through a non-exercise model in Brazilian adults. This finding suggests that a practical, viable, and low-cost measurement of CRF could be applied in lower income countries to assess the relationship between CRF and T2D. However, new non-exercise models are needed to better detect T2D in women.

INDICATORS OF ADIPOSITY ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BODY ESTEEM IN ADOLESCENTS.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between weight status and anthropometric indicators of adiposity with body esteem. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 305 adolescents from a public school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults was used to evaluate total body esteem and the "appearance", "weight", and "attribution" domains. Body mass index (weight/stature2) was applied to assess weight status and waist circumference, the central body adiposity. The association between indicators of adiposity and body esteem was assessed using Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney's test and linear regression models, stratified by sex and age group. RESULTS: Overweight/obesity was observed in 46% of younger adolescents (10 to 13 year-old girls, 10 to 14 year-old boys), 38% of older boys (15 to 18 year old), and 16% of older girls (14 to 18 year old). For both boys and girls in the younger age group, body mass index and waist circumference (as continuous variables) were inversely associated with total body esteem and weight domain. Overweight/obesity was associated with the appearance body esteem domain only among younger male adolescents; no association was found between either the body mass index or waist circumference and the attribution domain. CONCLUSIONS: Indicators of adiposity were associated with low body esteem. These findings underscore the fact that considering adolescents' feelings concerning their body and appearance is important to promote a healthy control of weight.

Correction: Acute effects of single dose transcranial direct current stimulation on muscle strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209513.].

Can Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improve Muscle Power in Individuals With Advanced Weight-Training Experience?

Lattari, E, Campos, C, Lamego, MK, Legey, S, Neto, GM, Rocha, NB, Oliveira, AJ, Carpenter, CS, and Machado, S. Can transcranial direct current stimulation improve muscle power in individuals with advanced weight-training experience? J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 97-103, 2020-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in men with advanced strength-training experience. Ten healthy male subjects with advanced strength training and squatting exercise experience were included. Participants took part in an initial visit to the laboratory to complete anthropometric measurements and CMJ kinematic test-retest reliability. Participants then completed 3 experimental conditions, 48-72 hours apart, in a randomized, double-blinded crossover design: anodal, cathodal, and sham-tDCS (2 mA for 20 minutes targeting the motor cortex bilaterally). Participants completed 3 CMJ tests before and after each experimental condition, with 1-minute recovery interval between each test. The best CMJ in each moment was selected for analysis. Two-way (condition by moment) repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for CMJ height, flight time (FT), and muscular peak power (PP). Effect sizes and interindividual variability of tDCS responses were also analyzed. There was a significant condition by moment interaction for all outcome measures, with a large prepost increase in CMJ height, FT, and PP in the anodal condition. All the participants displayed CMJ performance improvements after the anodal condition. There were no significant differences in both cathodal and sham conditions. Anodal tDCS may be a valuable tool to enhance muscle power-related tasks performance, which is extremely relevant for sports that require vertical jumping ability. Anodal tDCS may also be used to support strength training, enhancing its effects on performance-oriented outcome measures.

Indicators of adiposity associated with low body esteem in adolescents / Indicadores de adiposidade associados com baixa estima corporal em adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between weight status and anthropometric indicators of adiposity with body esteem. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 305 adolescents from a public school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults was used to evaluate total body esteem and the "appearance", "weight", and "attribution" domains. Body mass index (weight/stature2) was applied to assess weight status and waist circumference, the central body adiposity. The association between indicators of adiposity and body esteem was assessed using Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney's test and linear regression models, stratified by sex and age group. Results: Overweight/obesity was observed in 46% of younger adolescents (10 to 13 year-old girls, 10 to 14 year-old boys), 38% of older boys (15 to 18 year old), and 16% of older girls (14 to 18 year old). For both boys and girls in the younger age group, body mass index and waist circumference (as continuous variables) were inversely associated with total body esteem and weight domain. Overweight/obesity was associated with the appearance body esteem domain only among younger male adolescents; no association was found between either the body mass index or waist circumference and the attribution domain. Conclusions: Indicators of adiposity were associated with low body esteem. These findings underscore the fact that considering adolescents' feelings concerning their body and appearance is important to promote a healthy control of weight.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a condição de peso e os indicadores antropométricos de adiposidade com a estima corporal. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 305 adolescentes de uma escola pública do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados utilizando um questionário autoaplicado e por meio de medidas antropométricas. A Escala de Estima Corporal para Adolescentes e Adultos foi utilizada para avaliar a estima corporal total e os domínios "aparência", "peso" e "atribuição". O índice de massa corporal (peso/estatura2) foi utilizado para avaliar a condição do peso e circunferência da cintura, a adiposidade central. A associação entre indicadores de adiposidade e estima corporal foi avaliada por meio dos testes t de Student ou Mann-Whitney e por modelos de regressão linear, estratificados por sexo e faixa etária. Resultados: Sobrepeso/obesidade foi observado em 46% dos adolescentes mais jovens (meninas de 10 a 13 anos, meninos de 10 a 14 anos), em 38% dos meninos de 15 a 18 anos e em 16% das meninas de 14 a 18 anos. Na faixa etária mais jovem, o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura (como variáveis contínuas) foram inversamente associados à estima corporal total e ao domínio peso, tanto em meninos quanto em meninas. O sobrepeso/obesidade associou-se ao domínio corporal 'aparência' apenas entre os meninos mais jovens. Nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura e o domínio atribuição. Conclusões: Os indicadores de adiposidade foram associados à baixa estima corporal. Esses achados ressaltam a importância de se levar em consideração a percepção dos adolescentes em relação ao seu corpo e aparência na promoção do controle de peso saudável.