Exploring social network typologies and their impact on health and mental well-being in older adults: Evidence from JAGES.

BACKGROUND: The types of social networks, their prevalence, and their relationship to health outcomes in older age have been different across countries and cultures. Most of the literature has focused on USA or in European countries and little is known about the social network typologies among older adults from Japan. This study aimed to identify these patterns of social network typologies and examine the differences in sociodemographic and related to health variables. METHODS: 23894 participants from the JAGES project (2019), aged 65 or older (M = 74.74, DT = 6.39) from Japan. Statistical analyses included Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) followed by ANOVAs, Chi square and multinomial logistic regressions tests to compare the profiles. RESULTS: Four profiles were identified: family (66.9%), spouse (16.6%), diverse (14.5%), and neighbor/others (1.9%). The profiles differ statistically (p < 0.001) in all sociodemographic characteristics and in the means of depression, loneliness, self-perceived health, and happiness. Compared with the "family" network, younger men, with fewer chronic illnesses but higher levels of depression and loneliness were more likely to be in the "spouse" profile, older women with lower socioeconomic status, but less lonely and happier in the "diverse" profile and adults who still working, have lower socioeconomic status and are less happy into the "neighbors/others" group. DISCUSSION: We discuss the differences between the profiles found, the potential differences with previous studies and the specific cultural Japanese nuances that may explain the characteristics of the network types founded.

Psychometric properties of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) in Dominican Republic adolescents

Introduction: This work represents the first attempt to obtain evidence of the validity of an entrepreneurial intention questionnaire in the adolescent population of a Latin American or Caribbean country. The objectives are to study the factor structure, the reliability, the external validity and to test the gender invariance of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire, in its adaptation for adolescents. Method: The sample consisted of 708 adolescents from the Dominican Republic with a mean age of 15.49, 65.2% of whom were women and 35.8% were men. Analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha and Omega scores for reliability, correlations, and a gender invariance routine. Finally, latent means of females and males are compared. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the data and the reliability results were adequate. In addition, the correlations with the Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students were positive and statistically significant. Also, strict gender invariance was successfully verified. Although males presented a higher subjective norm, females showed higher entrepreneurial intentions. Conclusions: The Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire shows adequate psychometric properties and proves useful in conducting research on the promotion of entrepreneurship in early stages.

Introducción: Este trabajo supone el primer intento de obtener evidencias de validez de un cuestionario de intención emprendedora en adolescentes en un país de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Tiene como objetivos reportar la estructura interna, fiabilidad, validez externa y probar la invarianza de género del Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora en su adaptación para adolescentes. Método: La muestra está formada por 708 adolescentes de República Dominicana con una media edad de 15.49, un 65.2% de mujeres y un 35.8% hombres. Los análisis incluyeron análisis factorial confirmatorio, resultados de Alfa de Cronbach y Omega para la fiabilidad, correlaciones y una rutina de invarianza por género. Finalmente se compararon las medias latentes de hombres y mujeres. Resultados: El análisis factorial mostró un buen ajuste a los datos y los resultados de fiabilidad fueron adecuados. Además, las correlaciones con la Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes fueron positivas y estadísticamente significativas. También, se comprobó satisfactoriamente la invarianza estricta por género. Aunque los hombres presentaron mayor norma subjetiva, las mujeres mostraron una mayor intención emprendedora. Conclusiones: El Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora muestra adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para que sea de utilidad en las investigaciones sobre la promoción del emprendimiento en etapas tempranas.

Senior volunteers: addressing loneliness in times of COVID-19.

Volunteering in old age plays an important role in addressing feelings of loneliness, but little research has been conducted on the impact of engaging in volunteering activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the longitudinal impact of volunteering on feelings of loneliness. We analyzed data from 31,667 adults aged 50 years and older in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), across three consecutive waves (one before the pandemic and two during the COVID-19 pandemic). Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted for loneliness, using volunteering and several control variables as independent variables, and found that even after controlling for previous loneliness, volunteering has a protective effect against experiencing feelings of loneliness. Those who participated in volunteering activities before or during the second pandemic period had a lower risk of loneliness during the second pandemic period. Volunteering during the second pandemic period, before and during the second pandemic period, and during all three periods measured in the study was negatively associated with the odds of feeling lonely. Encouraging volunteering among older adults can be a useful strategy to prevent loneliness during future emergency situations like the COVID-19 outbreak.

A Biopsychosocial Model Predicting Myocardial Infarction.

Myocardial infarction is one of the main causes of death, and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are always considered when studying it. However, although it is known that other social and psychological variables, and especially frailty, can increase the risk of infarction, their simultaneous effect has not been extensively studied. This study is based on data from the SHARE project (latest wave, Wave 8), with a representative sample of 46,498 participants aged 50 or older (M = 70.40, SD = 9.33), of whom 57.4% were females. Statistical analyses included a full structural equation model that predicts 27% of infarction occurrence and evidences the significant effect of well-being, depression, and social connectedness on frailty. Frailty, in turn, explains 15.5% of the variability of CVRFs. This work supports the need to study these physical, social, and mental health factors together to intervene on frailty and, in turn, improve cardiovascular outcomes.

A Psychometric Study of the Prosocial Behavior Scale: Differential Item Functioning by Gender.

Some scales co-exist in the literature to measure prosocial behavior in adolescents. Gender differences in prosocial behavior have been a controversial topic of research. To strengthen future research in the area, the psychometric properties of the most used instruments must be guaranteed, especially its gender non-bias. Our study provides psychometric evidence for the Prosocial Behavior Scale in a sample of adolescents, exploring: (a) its factor structure; (b) reliability; (c) gender-related differential item functioning (DIF); (d) nomological validity. A sample of 512 high school students (mean age = 13.62 (SD = 1.34), 51.6% females) participated in the research. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test the factor structure of the scale, which adequately fitted the data (χ2 (35) = 152.224, p < 0.001, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.905, Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.085 90%CI [0.072-0.099], Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual (SRMR) = 0.079). Reliability results were good (α = 0.74, ω = 0.74). Regarding the DIF, five items presented some gender-related bias, generally benefiting females. However, the DIF impact could be considered negligible. Correlations with the subdimensions of the psychological capital offered evidence of the nomological validity of the scale. In conclusion, the scale presented adequate psychometric properties that support its ability to effectively assess prosocial behavior and gender differences in the prosocial behavior samples of adolescents. Additionally, the results obtained imply that gender differences in the manifestations of prosocial behavior require measurements that can fairly sample behaviors characteristic of each gender.

Psychometric validation of the MIND Youth Questionnaire (MY-Q) to assess quality of life in Spanish patients with type 1 diabetes between 12 and 25 years old.

AIM: Validate in Spanish the Monitoring Individual Needs in Diabetes Youth Questionnaire (MY-Q), a multi-dimensional self-report HRQoL questionnaire designed for paediatric diabetes care. DESIGN AND METHODS: After translation, 209 patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, between 12 and 25 years old were assessed. The patients belonged to 12 hospitals in Spain. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis including one-factor up to seven-factor solutions were tested. The three-factor solution (Negative Impact of Diabetes, Empowerment and Control of Diabetes and Worries) was the most parsimonious model with adequate fit: χ2(723)=568.856 (p<0.001), CFI=0.913, RMSEA=0.072 [0.064, 0.080], SRMR=0.075. The three-factor solution and the grouping of the items followed a clear rationale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.816 for Negative Impact, 0.700 for Empowerment and Control and 0.795 for Worries. The study of the relationship between the MY-Q dimensions and socio-demographics variables show a relationship between age and the MY-Q: F(6,410)=10.873 (p<0.001), η2=0.137. Participants younger than 14 years old showed greater scores on Empowerment and Control when compared to participants between 14 and 17 years old (p=0.021); statistically significant differences were found for the participants 18 years old or older, who showed lower levels of Worries than the younger patients. Concurrent validity found that the dimension of Negative Impact of Diabetes was positively related to WHO-5, and the PedsQL Diabetes Module. CONCLUSION: The Spanish version of the MY-Q to measure HRQoL in patients with type 1 diabetes between the ages of 12 and 25, has adequate psychometric properties and conceptual and semantic equivalence with the original version in Dutch.

Method Effects Associated to Item Valence: Evidence From the 10-Item Big-Five Inventory in Older Adults.

The objective of this study is to analyze the factor structure of the BFI-10 considering item valence effects when applied to measure older adults. Likewise, this study aims to estimate the factorial structure, internal consistency of the scale, to assess the nomological validity, and the association of the Big Five traits with age. 75,078 participants with mean age of 68.27 from the 7th Wave of the SHARE study were included. Confirmatory Factor Analyses, omega coefficients and Pearson correlations were estimated. The best-fit model identified a five-factor structure with two valence effects, internal consistency ranged from .26 to .64, the nomological network showed that loneliness is negatively associated to neuroticism and positively with the other four traits, and the opposite direction in the associations with the five traits and satisfaction and quality of life. Consciousness, Extraversion and Openness have been found as dimensions that tend to decrease with age.

The role of social and intellectual activity participation in older adults' cognitive function.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: A challenge of the ageing of the population is cognitive performance, given its association to optimal ageing. Documented predictors of cognition have included socio-demographics, education or physical factors. However, the association of social and intellectual activity participation to cognition has been less studied. AIM: This study presents a predictive model of cognitive functioning including these alternative factors as well as more seminal ones to explain cognition in old age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample was composed by 45475 older adult participants in the 8th Wave of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, that took place between 2019 and 2020. A correlational design was specified to test the effects of age, gender, years of education, physical inactivity, number of chronic diseases, social activity participation and intellectual activity participation on temporal orientation, numeracy, verbal fluency and memory. A completely a priori Structural Equation Model with latent variables was tested. RESULTS: The sample had an average of 70 years of age, was well-educated and physically active and engaged in reading. There was a higher proportion of females. The model showed an optimal fit to the data, explaining 8.7%-36.0% of the different cognitive components' variance. Age, years of education and intellectual activity displayed the largest effects across the cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that social and intellectual activity participation are of relative importance to predict cognition in old age, even when considering other well-documented factors affecting older adults' cognitive functioning.

Mapping Protective Performance of Social Network Types on Health and Quality of Life in Older People in European Regions.

Objectives: To identify social network profiles using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), to study the relationships of these profiles with health markers, mental health, quality of life, and cognitive functioning, and to compare profiles across European regions. Methods: 27,272 participants from the Wave 8 of the SHARE project, aged 65 or older (M = 74.95, SD = 7.17) from Europe. Statistical analyses included LPAs followed by MANOVAs to compare the profiles and the health markers. Results: Five profiles were identified: family, friends, spouse, diverse, and others. A no network group was also added. The prevalence of the specific profiles differed across European regions. Individuals with no network and those categorized into the others profile presented the worst health outcomes. Discussion: The "friends" network is more protective toward cognitive functioning and physical health and the "spouse" and "family" ones are more protective toward mental health. The variability according to European regions is discussed.

Using latent profile analysis to understand palliative care professionals' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Healthcare workers' professional quality of life has been increasingly under the spotlight, even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has posed a genuine challenge for them. This study aims to describe the professional quality of life profiles of a sample of Spanish palliative care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic, encompassing aspects such as work satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction; while studying the relationships between these profiles and sociodemographic variables, clinical situations experienced during the pandemic, protectors of professional quality of life, the quality of care delivered, and the professionals' wellbeing. Data from a survey of Spanish palliative care professionals were used. The variables measured were professional quality of life, sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19-related experiences, protectors of professional quality of life, wellbeing, and quality of care. Our research included latent profile analyses, along with chi-squared and t-tests. The results suggested two profiles of professional quality of life, namely low (32.78%) and high (67.22%). The following profile displayed a higher likelihood of having a low professional quality of life: younger professionals, registered nurses, with a decrease in their teamwork, without specific training in palliative care, in coping with death and stress or emotional training and with lower levels of self-care and self-compassion, whose patients were unable to die a dignified death. Similarly, a low professional quality of life profile was associated with reduced wellbeing and poorer quality of care offered. In conclusion, providing professionals with education and training to improve their ability to handle end-of-life care and stress, maintaining cohesive teams and promoting self-care and self-compassion are pivotal to maintaining the quality of life and wellbeing of palliative care professionals and the quality of care that they provide.

Psychometric properties of the EURO-D scale of depressive symptomatology: Evidence from SHARE wave 8.

BACKGROUND: The EURO-D is a short scale to measure symptoms of depression, very used in large population surveys. Although there are numerous validation studies, its psychometric properties remain unclear. The two-factor structure (Affective Suffering and Lack of Motivation) is replicated in several studies but with different item compositions, and none reported reliability indices for both factors. For that reason, the aim of this study is to examine the factorial validity of the scale, the reliability of the dimensions, the gender differential item functioning (DIF), and the nomological validity. METHODS: 46,317 participants aged 50 and over (M = 71.33), from which 57.4 % were females, in Wave 8 of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were included. INSTRUMENTS: EURO-D, R-UCLA, Self-perceived health index, and indicator of taking drugs for anxiety or depression. Factor Analyses, DIF, Reliability Index and Spearman correlations were estimated. RESULTS: Factor analysis identified a bifactor structure: a general factor of Depression and two specific factors of Affective Suffering and Lack of Motivation, which reliabilities were 0.83, 0.83 and 0.79 respectively. No relevant DIF item by gender was found, but higher scores were found in women in all factors. Both factors had positive relations with loneliness, taking drugs and self-perceived health. LIMITATIONS: this study has a cross-sectional design; future research may consider the longitudinal stability of the scale. CONCLUSIONS: EURO-D shows adequate psychometric properties when a general factor of depression and two specific factors are considered. Women have higher scores on all dimensions.

Evaluating Pain Management Practices for Cancer Patients among Health Professionals: A Global Survey.

Background: Cancer incidence in the world is predicted to increase in the next decade. While progress has been in diagnosis and treatment, much still remains to be done to improve cancer pain therapy, mainly in underserved communities in low-income countries. Objective: To determine knowledge, beliefs, and barriers regarding pain management in both high- and low-income countries (according to the WHO classification); and to learn about ways to improve the current state of affairs. Design: Descriptive survey. Setting/Subjects: Fifty-six countries worldwide; convenience sample of 1639 consisted of 36.8% physicians; 45.1% nurses, and 4.5% pharmacists employed in varied settings. Results: Improved pain management services are key elements. Top barriers include religion factors, lack of appropriate education and training at all levels, nonadherence to guidelines, patients' reluctance to report on pains, over regulation associated with prescribing and access to opioid analgesics, fear of addiction to opioids, and lack of discussions around prognosis and treatment planning. Conclusion: The majority of patients with cancer in low-income countries are undertreated for their pain. Promoting cancer pain accredited program of training and education on pain management for physicians and nurses is crucial, as well as advocating policymakers and the public at large.

Learning Strategies and Entrepreneurial Attitudes: A Predictive Model of Entrepreneurship Intention in Peruvian Undergraduate Students / Estrategias de aprendizaje y actitudes emprendedoras: un modelo predictivo de la intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios peruanos / Estratégias de aprendizagem e atitudes empreendedoras: um modelo preditivo de intenção empreendedora em estudantes universitários peruanos

This study aims to empirically test how learning strategies would fit into an undergraduate entrepreneur's profile.The design is cross-sectional with a sample of 527 The tested structural model adequately fits the data. It provided helpful information on learning strategies and entrepreneurial attitudes accounting for up to 20 % of variance of entrepreneurship intention. The learning strategies most related to entrepreneurial attitudes are those related to creativity, transference, and assess-ment of one's own performance. This paper provides for the first time evidence about the predictive power of several learning strategies on the entrepreneurial attitudes in connection with entrepreneurship intention (willingness and likelihood). This work increases our understanding of entrepreneurs' learning strategies, so that we can improve the design and implementation of educational resources to promote entrepreneurs' careers in emerging markets.Peruvian undergraduate students. A structural equation model was specified, estimated, and tested in Mplus 8.4. The model hypothesized direct effects of the different learning strategies on a factor of entrepreneurial attitudes (considering proactivity, pro-fessional ethics, empathy, innovation, autonomy, and risktaking dimensions) which, in turn, explained two indicators of entrepreneurship intention as outcomes.

Este estudio busca comprobar empíricamente cómo las estrategias de aprendizaje encajarían en el perfil de un emprendedor de pregrado. El diseño es transversal, con una muestra de 527 estudiantes peruanos de pregrado. Se especificó, estimó y probó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales en M plus 8.4. El modelo hipotetizó efectos directos de las diferentes estrategias de aprendizaje sobre un factor de actitudes emprendedoras (considerando las dimensiones de proactividad, ética profesional, empatía, innovación, autonomía y asunción de riesgos) que, a su vez, explicaban dos indicadores de intención emprendedora como resultados. El modelo estructural probado se ajusta adecuadamente a los datos. Proporcionó información útil sobre las estrategias de aprendizaje y las actitudes emprendedoras que explican hasta el 20 % de la varianza de la intención emprende-dora. Las estrategias de aprendizaje más relacionadas con las actitudes emprendedoras son las relaciona-das con la creatividad, la transferencia y la evaluación del propio rendimiento. Esta investigación proporciona la primera evidencia acerca del poder predictivo de varias estrategias de aprendizaje sobre las actitudes emprendedoras, en relación con la intención emprendedora (voluntad y probabilidad). Asimismo, aumenta nuestra comprensión de las estrategias de aprendizaje de los emprendedores, de modo que podamos mejorar el diseño y la implementación de recursos educativos para promover las carreras de los emprendedores en los mercados emergentes.

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar empiricamente como as estratégias de aprendizagem se encaixariam no perfil de um empreendedor de graduação. O desenho é transversal com uma amostra de 527 estudantes de graduação peruanos. Um modelo de equação estrutural foi especificado, estimado e testado no Mplus 8.4. O modelo hipotetizou efeitos diretos das diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem sobre um fator de atitudes empreendedoras (considerando as dimensões de proatividade, ética profissional, empatia, inovação, autonomia e assunção de riscos) que, por sua vez, explicaram como resultados dois indicadores de intenção empreendedora. O modelo estrutural testado ajustase adequadamente aos dados. Forneceu informações úteis sobre estratégias de aprendizagem e atitudes empreendedoras que explicam até 20 % da variância da intenção empreendedora. As estratégias de aprendizagem mais relacionadas com as atitudes em-preendedoras são as relacionadas com a criatividade, a transferência e a avaliação do próprio desempenho. Este trabalho fornece a primeira evidência analisando o poder preditivo de várias estratégias de aprendizagem sobre as atitudes empreendedoras em relação à intenção empreendedora (vontade e probabilidade). Este trabalho aumenta nossa compreensão das estratégias de aprendizagem dos empreendedores para que possamos melhorar o desenho e a implementação de recursos educacionais para fomentar a carreira dos empreendedores em mercados emergentes.

Palliative Care Professionals' Inner Life: Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Prediction of Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, Burnout and Wellbeing.

CONTEXT: Palliative care professionals are exposed to suffering on a daily basis. Working in such an environment frequently raises existential issues, psychological challenges, and emotional distress, that can detract from compassionate care. Identifying factors that help professionals cope with frequent exposure to issues related to mortality, such as compassion, could enhance palliative care providers' and patients' quality of life and wellbeing. OBJECTIVES: To improve our understanding of the factors associated with professionals' inner life studying the role of self-compassion as a mediating variable between self-care and awareness and professionals' quality of life, and quantifying the impact of compassionate care. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey of palliative care professionals was conducted through the Spanish Society of Palliative Care. 296 professionals answered the survey. RESULTS: The model tested showed an adequate fit (χ2(212) = 476.688 (P < .001), CFI = .907, RMSEA = .066 [.058,.073], and SRMR = .068), and the hypotheses were supported. Self-care and awareness predicted coping with death and self-compassion, which in turn predicted professional quality of life. Self-compassion had the greatest predictive power. Professional quality of life showed a statistically significant and positive effect on personal wellbeing, explaining more than 50% of its variance (R2 = .574; P < .001). CONCLUSION: For palliative care professionals, the cultivation of self-compassion is equally needed as compassion for others. Professional quality of life and compassionate care are related to professionals' wellbeing: when professionals take care of themselves, this will lead in a more compassionate care, but also in healthier, happier professionals.

Development and Psychometric Validation of the Brief Nurses' Practice Environment Scale and Its Relation to Burnout Syndrome and Job Satisfaction: A Study in Spanish Nurses.

Introduction: Nursing environment is a vast concept that traditionally has included a wide range of job characteristics and has been related to burnout and job satisfaction. For its measurement, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PESNWI) stands out. However, shorter instruments are needed. The purpose of the study is to develop and test the Brief Nurses' Practice Environment (BNPE) Scale. Methods: The BNPE Scale was developed and tested in a sample of 210 Spanish nurses (data collection 2018). Results: Cronbach's alpha was 0.702. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), with an excellent fit, offered evidence of internal validity. Regarding validity, the BNPE Scale predicted both burnout and job satisfaction. Finally, evidence pointed out a cutoff score of <12 for low levels of practice environment and a cutoff score of >15 for higher levels in practice environment. Conclusions: The BNPE Scale is a short, easy-to-use measure that could be employed in major batteries assessing the quality of healthcare institutions.

Quality of Life in European Older Adults of SHARE Wave 7: Comparing the Old and the Oldest-Old.

CASP-12 (Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure scale) is one of the most common internationally used measures for quality of life in older adults, although its structure is not clearly established. Current research aims to test the factor structure of the CASP-12, so as to provide evidence on reliability and external validity, and to test for measurement invariance across age groups. Data from 61,355 Europeans (≥60 years old) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe wave 7 were used. CASP-12, EURO-D (European depression scale), self-perceived health, and life satisfaction measurements were included. Reliability and validity coefficients, competing confirmatory factor models, and standard measurement invariance routine were estimated. A second-order factor model with the original factor structure was retained. The scale showed adequate reliability coefficients except for the autonomy dimension. The correlation coefficients for external validity were all statistically significant. Finally, CASP-12 is scalar invariant across age. We conclude that the best-fitting factor structure retained allows using CASP-12 either by factors, or as an overall score, depending on the research interests. Findings related to CASP-12 measurement invariance encourage its use in the oldest-old too. When comparing the dimensions across age groups, as people age, autonomy slightly increases and the rest of the dimensions decline.

Development and Validation of the OSA-CPAP Perceived Competence Evaluation Interview.

INTRODUCTION: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is one of the most common therapies for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). We present a brief, patient-reported outcome measure used to assess patients' levels of adherence with CPAP treatment. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed based on academic literature. We qualitatively tested a pool of 18 items. It was tested in a sample of 174 patients from the Hospital La Princesa. Next, 1021 patients from Catalonia were evaluated. RESULTS: 5 items were removed. Nominal groups referred to three areas: general knowledge about OSA and its risks; CPAP treatment information and expectations; CPAP use, monitoring, and confidence with its use. The 13 retained items maintained the same meaning as the original questionnaire (r=.986; p<.001) and the three proposed dimensions detected a significant increase in general knowledge of OSA (t[173]=8.097, p<.001); CPAP treatment information (t[173]=15.170, p<.001); and CPAP use (t[173]=14.642, p<.001). The final 12-item version was reliable (CRI=.793) and its internal structure was adequate (χ2[51]=72.073; p=.027, CFI=.967, RMSEA=.020 [.000, .030]). Women had a better general knowledge of OSA (t[1,018]=2.190, p=.029), CPAP treatment information (t[1,018]=2.920, p=.004), and higher overall OSA-CPAP scores (t[1,018]=3.093, p=.002). Scores were positively related to quality of life and motivation, adherence was positively related to CPAP use and monitoring, and the total score was negatively related to daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: The interview could help clinicians prevent some dropouts by targeting patients with lower adherence. It's a tool for assessing patient adherence to CPAP and to promote strategies through education and external motivational stimuli.

Palliative Care Professionals' Inner Lives: Cross-Cultural Application of the Awareness Model of Self-Care.

Compassionate professional qualities traditionally have not received the most attention in either critical or end of life care. Constant exposure to death, time pressure and workload, inadequate coping with personal emotions, grieving, and depression urge the development of an inner curricula of competences to promote professional quality of life and compassionate care. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the universality of these problems and the need to equip ourselves with rigorously validated measurement and monitoring approaches that allow for unbiased comparisons. The main objective of this study was to offer evidence on the generalizability of the awareness model of self-care across three care systems under particular idiosyncrasy. Regarding the sample, 817 palliative care professionals from Spain, Argentina, and Brazil participated in this cross-sectional study using a multigroup structural equation modeling strategy. The measures showed good reliability in the three countries. When testing the multigroup model against the configural and constrained models, the assumptions were fulfilled, and only two relationships of the model revealed differences among contexts. The hypotheses posited by the awareness model of self-care were supported and a similar predictive power on the professional quality of life dimensions was found. Self-care, awareness, and coping with death were competences that remained outstanding no matter the country, resulting in optimism about the possibility of acting with more integrative approaches and campaigns by international policy-makers with the consensus of world healthcare organizations.

The impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on the quality of life of Spanish national police officers.

PURPOSE: Police officers belong to a profession with a high risk of stress, burnout and compassion fatigue. Incorporating mindfulness practices into the health and occupational-risk prevention programs run by the national police forces in Spain could provide a new approach to reducing stress and enhancing the psychological and emotional balance of these officers. METHODS: A 7-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) was conducted in a group of 20 national police officers in Mallorca (Spain). Mindfulness, self-compassion, burnout, compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress were measured and compared before and after the intervention. RESULTS: We identified significant differences in mindfulness (F(5, 14) = 7.441, p = 0.001, η2  = 0.727), compassion satisfaction (F(1, 19) = 5.929, p = 0.025, η2  = 0.238) and perceived stress levels (t(18) = 2.863, p = 0.010, d = 0.611) after the intervention; non-significant improvements were observed for the remaining variables assessed. CONCLUSIONS: MBIs could be an effective way of reducing stress levels among police officers in Spain.