Prevalence, Pattern and Factors Associated with Online Sexual Activity among Final Year Students in Osun State University, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The internet has opened up new avenues for sexual exploration, including online sexual activity (OSA), which is becoming increasingly common among young adults globally. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, patterns, and associated factors of OSA among final-year students in Osun State University, Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 436 undergraduates. Respondents were selected via a multistage sampling technique; a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and analyses. Online sexual activity was measured with the Internet Sex Screening Test (ISST) and pertinent analyses were done at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels using SPSS V20.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of OSA was 58.7%, It is more common among males (53.1%) than females (46.9%), 73.4% of the undergraduates were mildly involved, and none was severely involved. Factors associated with OSA include biological sex, dating, smoking and/or usage of substances exposure to pornography from childhood, religiosity and family functioning. Further analysis showed that males are three times more likely to be involved in OSA compared to females (AOR= 3.104, p<0.001, CI-1-936-4.977). Those dating are two and a half times more likely to be involved in OSA (AOR= 2.491, p<0.001, CI- 1.589-3.905). Also, those who smoked and/or use other substances or are exposed to pornography from childhood as well as those who have a low level of religiosity are more likely to be involved in OSA. CONCLUSION: OSA was prevalent among final-year students, particularly among males and those dating. The association between substance use and OSA among young people is not likely to be an unstable one and both are increasingly available to them, with the almost inevitable possibility that increased usage of substances may tilt many into severe or addictive online sexual activities. Thus, targeted enlightenment/ education on OSA and on substance use is recommended for undergraduates.

CONTEXTE: L'internet a ouvert de nouvelles voies pour l'exploration sexuelle, y compris l'activité sexuelle en ligne (ASO), qui devient de plus en plus courante chez les jeunes adultes dans le monde. Cette étude visait à examiner la prévalence, les modèles et les facteurs associés de l'ASE parmi les étudiants de dernière année de l'Université de l'État d'Osun, au Nigéria. MÉTHODES: Une étude transversale descriptive a été menée auprès de 436 étudiants de premier cycle. Les répondants ont été sélectionnés au moyen d'une technique d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés ; un questionnaire semi-structuré auto-administré a été utilisé pour la collecte et l'analyse des données. L'activité sexuelle en ligne a été mesurée à l'aide de l'Internet Sex Screening Test (ISST) et des analyses pertinentes ont été effectuées aux niveaux univarié, bivarié et multivarié à l'aide de SPSS V20.0. RÉSULTATS: La prévalence du SAOS était de 58,7 %, plus fréquente chez les hommes (53,1 %) que chez les femmes (46,9 %), 73,4 % des étudiants de premier cycle étaient légèrement atteints et aucun n'était gravement atteint. Les facteurs associés au SAOS sont le sexe biologique, les fréquentations, le tabagisme et/ou l'utilisation de substances, l'exposition à la pornographie pendant l'enfance, la religiosité et le fonctionnement de la famille. Une analyse plus poussée a montré que les hommes sont trois fois plus susceptibles d'être impliqués dans l'AOS que les femmes (AOR= 3,104, p<0,001, CI-1-936-4,977). Les personnes qui sortent avec quelqu'un sont deux fois et demie plus susceptibles de souffrir d'un SAOS (AOR= 2.491, p<0.001, CI- 1.589-3.905). En outre, les personnes qui fument et/ou consomment d'autres substances ou qui sont exposées à la pornographie depuis l'enfance, ainsi que celles qui ont un faible niveau de religiosité, sont plus susceptibles d'être impliquées dans l'AOS. CONCLUSION: Le SAOS est répandu parmi les étudiants de dernière année, en particulier chez les hommes et ceux qui sortent avec quelqu'un. L'association entre la consommation de substances et l'AOS chez les jeunes ne devrait pas être instable et les deux sont de plus en plus accessibles, avec la possibilité presque inévitable qu'une consommation accrue de substances puisse faire basculer de nombreuses personnes dans des activités sexuelles en ligne sévères ou addictives. Il est donc recommandé d'informer et d'éduquer les étudiants de premier cycle sur le SAOS et la consommation de substances psychoactives. Mots-clés: Activités sexuelles en ligne, Schéma, Prévalence, Consommation de substances, Étudiants de premier cycle.

Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis in a Nigerian Hospital: Trend over a Decade.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer outcomes are poor in Nigeria, partly due to late-stage diagnosis. To assess the impact of past and present interventions, a review of an institutional data base was performed to determine the trend with respect to stage at diagnosis over a decade. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of an institutional data base was performed over a decade. The review period was divided into segments (2013-2015, 2016-2018 and 2019-2022). The latter period (2019-2022), corresponds to a time of more intense community interventions aimed at promoting early diagnosis and treatment around the locality of the teaching hospital. The stage at diagnosis within these periods were compared. The relationship between stage and sociodemographic variables (age, religion, marital status, menopausal status, and level of education) was assessed. RESULTS: There were 910 patients, 144 within the first period (2013-2015), 318 in the second (2016-2018) and 454 in the third period (2019-2022). The majority presented with stage 3 disease (73.8%). There was a significant decline in the proportion of metastatic cases and a concomitant increase in early cases in the latter part of the review. The proportion of metastatic cases reduced from 23.6% (2013-2015), to 15.7% (2016-2018) and 9.3% (2019-2022) (p=0.001). Level of education was significantly associated with stage (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: This study shows a trend towards downstaging of breast cancer in our locality. This trend corresponds to the period of more intense community interventions, justifying the need to further interrogate the direct impact of each of the interventions. This will provide a firm basis for sustaining or improving on current efforts to achieve more robust gains.

CONTEXTE: Les résultats du cancer du sein sont médiocres au Nigeria, en partie en raison d'un diagnostic tardif. Pour évaluer l'impact des interventions passées et actuelles, une revue d'une base de données institutionnelle a été réalisée pour déterminer la tendance en ce qui concerne le stade au moment du diagnostic sur une décennie. MÉTHODES: Une analyse rétrospective d'une base de données institutionnelle a été effectuée sur une décennie. La période de revue a été divisée en segments (2013-2015, 2016-2018 et 2019-2022). La dernière période (2019-2022) correspond à une période d'interventions communautaires plus intensives visant à promouvoir un diagnostic précoce et un traitement autour de la localité de l'hôpital universitaire. Les stades au moment du diagnostic au cours de ces périodes ont été comparés. La relation entre le stade et les variables sociodémographiques (âge, religion, état matrimonial, statut ménopausique et niveau d'éducation) a été évaluée. RÉSULTATS: Il y avait 910 patients, 144 dans la première période (2013-2015), 318 dans la deuxième (2016-2018) et 454 dans la troisième période (2019-2022). La majorité présentait une maladie de stade 3 (73,8 %). On a observé une diminution significative de la proportion de cas métastatiques et une augmentation concomitante des cas précoces dans la dernière partie de la revue. La proportion de cas métastatiques est passée de 23,6 % (2013-2015) à 15,7 % (2016- 2018) et 9,3 % (2019-2022) (p=0,001). Le niveau d'éducation était significativement associé au stade (p=0,001). CONCLUSION: Cette étude montre une tendance à la réduction du stade du cancer du sein dans notre localité. Cette tendance correspond à la période d'interventions communautaires plus intenses, justifiant la nécessité d'interroger davantage l'impact direct de chacune des interventions. Cela fournira une base solide pour soutenir ou améliorer les efforts actuels afin d'obtenir des gains plus robustes. Mots-clés: Sein, Cancer, Stade, Nigéria.

Obesity in benign prostatic enlargement: A cross-sectional study comparing sonographic and anthropometric indices of adiposity in a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Findings from studies on obesity and benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) have been inconsistent. With a previous study done in our facility showing no correlation between anthropometric indices of obesity and BPE, this study aimed at reevaluating the association between obesity and BPE using sonographic indices of abdominal/central obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety consenting subjects with clinically confirmed BPE had their height and weight [(to calculate body mass index (BMI)] as well as waist and hip circumference [to calculate waist-hip ratio (WHR)] done. The subcutaneous, preperitoneal, and visceral fat thicknesses (SFT, PFT, and VFT, respectively) of these subjects and their prostate volumes were measured on transabdominal Ultrasonography (USS). Transrectal USS was also done to measure the total prostate and transitional zone volumes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. RESULTS: WHR and waist circumference correlated positively with SFT (r = 0.325, P = 0.002 and r = 0.370, P = 0.000, respectively) and PFT (r = 0.209, P = 0.048 and r = 0.313, P = 0.003, respectively). While BMI correlated positively (r = 0.23, P = 0.029) with transrectal transitional zone volume, all three sonographic indices of adiposity correlated negatively (SFT: r = -0.223, P = 0.035; PFT: r = -0.321, P = 0.002; VFT: r = -0.242, P = 0.021) with transrectal total prostate volume. In addition, PFT correlated negatively with transabdominal prostate volume (r = -0.222, P = 0.037) and transrectal transitional zone volume (r = -0.211, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: The relationship of BMI with transrectal transitional zone volume was a direct one, while that of SFT, PFT, and VFT with transrectal total prostate volume as well as PFT with transabdominal prostate volume and transrectal transitional zone volume was an inverse one.

Long-term effects of Maternal HIV Infection and Anti-Retroviral Medications on the Hearing of HIV-Exposed Infants.

BACKGROUND: The long-term effect of maternal HIV and antiretroviral medication on the hearing of HIV-exposed infants has not been well studied. We determined and compared the hearing thresholds of HIV-exposed infants with that of HIV-unexposed infants within the first month of life and at three, six and nine months of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a Case control study of 126 HIV-exposed newborns and 121 HIV-unexposed newborns. Data collected included Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and risk factors for hearing loss. Hearing was evaluated at newborn, 3, 6, and 9 months of life. Within and between groups analyses were done with appropriate statistics. Level of significance was P<0.05. RESULTS: In both ears, the mean hearing thresholds of HIV-exposed infants were greater than those of the HIV-unexposed infants at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months (P>0.05). In both groups, there was a decline in the mean hearing thresholds from baseline (new born) till 6 months of age. The highest mean threshold was recorded at 9 months. The mean hearing thresholds of infants at 3, 6, and 9 months were lower for HIV-exposed infants and higher for HIV-unexposed infants than the corresponding mean hearing thresholds measured at baseline. There was a significant strong correlation among hearing thresholds at 3, 6 and 9 months but weakly correlated with hearing thresholds at baseline. CONCLUSION: There was a tendency towards higher hearing thresholds in HIV-exposed infants than the HIV-unexposed infants throughout the infancy period. This appears to have association with in-utero exposure to HIV.

Knowledge Attitude and Practices Toward Lassa Fever Control and Prevention Among Residents of Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria.

Lassa fever had been reported as a cause of death especially in endemic parts of Nigeria. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward Lassa fever control and prevention among residents of Ile-Ife, southwest Nigeria. Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among consenting randomly selected adults using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 400 questionnaires with completed data were analyzed (response rate 96%). Majority, 207 (51.8%), were males while 193 (48.2%) were females. Most, 234 (58.5%), had tertiary education while 148 (37%) had secondary education. Fifty-nine percent had heard of Lassa fever with radio as their major source of information. About 76% had inadequate knowledge, 54% had negative attitude while 51% had poor practice toward Lassa fever. Determinants of knowledge of Lassa fever include having higher education (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) = 11.49, 95% CI [3.10, 42.69], p = .0001), being in civil service (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI [0.09, 0.51], p = .01), and earning higher income (AOR = 4.23, 95% CI [2.61, 6.84], p = .0001). In conclusion, the knowledge, attitude, as well as preventive practices to Lassa fever were poor. It is necessary to increase public education and improve hygienic practices.

A comparative study of school based violence and strategies for control in public and private secondary schools in Osun State.

BACKGROUND: Violence is universal; it occurs in schools (both public and private). The study aim was to assess the rates of violence as well as existing violence prevention strategies in public and private schools in Osun state. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was conducted among 800 secondary school students (599 in public and 201 in private schools) selected by multistage sampling technique using quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. RESULTS: The mean age for all the respondents was 14.26 years +/- 2.001 Males make up about 51% of the respondents in both public and private schools. Respondents from public schools assaulted other students and staff with a weapon more than their colleagues in private schools (24.7% and 9.7% against 12.9% and 6.5% respectively). The commonest violence 'prevention' strategy in both schools was punishment for violent acts (>90%). CONCLUSION: Respondents in public schools perpetrated and experienced virtually all forms of school-related violence more than those in private, schools. There were mild differences in existing violence prevention strategies in both schools. School connectedness seems to be a major factor in the differential rates of violence between both groups of schools.