RESUMO
Fish retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can regenerate after optic nerve lesions (ONLs). We previously reported that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and Yamanaka factors increased in the zebrafish retina 0.5-24 h after ONLs, and they led to cell survival and the transformation of neuro-stem cells. We also showed that retinoic acid (RA) signaling and transglutaminase 2 (TG2) were activated in the fish retina, performing neurite outgrowth 5-30 days after ONLs. In this study, we found that RA signaling and TG2 increased within 0.5 h in the zebrafish retina after ONLs. We examined their interaction with the TG2-specific morpholino and inhibitor due to the significantly close initiation time of TG2 and HSF1. The inhibition of TG2 led to the complete suppression of HSF1 expression. Furthermore, the results of a ChIP assay with an anti-TG2 antibody evidenced significant anti-TG2 immunoprecipitation of HSF1 genome DNA after ONLs. The inhibition of TG2 also suppressed Yamanaka factors' gene expression. This rapid increase in TG2 expression occurred 30 min after the ONLs, and RA signaling occurred 15 min before this change. The present study demonstrates that TG2 regulates Yamanaka factors via HSF1 signals in the acute phase of fish optic nerve regeneration.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição de Choque Térmico , Regeneração Nervosa , Nervo Óptico , Proteína 2 Glutamina gama-Glutamiltransferase , Transglutaminases , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Proteína 2 Glutamina gama-Glutamiltransferase/metabolismo , Transglutaminases/genética , Transglutaminases/metabolismo , Regeneração Nervosa/genética , Nervo Óptico/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição de Choque Térmico/genética , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Tretinoína/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/genética , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Células Ganglionares da Retina/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismos do Nervo Óptico/metabolismo , Traumatismos do Nervo Óptico/genética , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Behaviors of self-spreading of lipid bilayer membrane on a glass surface modified with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with short alkyl chain were observed with fluorescence microscopy. Hydrophobic surface made by SAM was found to hamper the self-spreading phenomenon but the lipid bilayer spread on a hydrophilic one where SAM was decomposed by oxidation. On a binary surface having a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic one, the lipid bilayer spread on the hydrophilic region but it stopped at the boundary of the hydrophobic region.