Estudio demográfico-social de pacientes con artritis reumatoidea en la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) / Social-demographic research in rheumatoid arthritis patients in province of Cordoba (Argentina)

Se realizó una investigación epidemiológica a través de un test estructuradoa 300 pacientes con artritis reumatoidea (AR) en Córdoba (Argentina) cuyo objetivo fue estudiar factores demográficos y sociales que influirían en su estado de salud y calidad de vida. Participaron 256 mujeres y 44 hombres. La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue 43,24 ± 14,54 años. La mayoría eran casados y vivían en áreas urbanas. Un 17,8% tenía estudios terciarios. Muchos teníancobertura social, pero casi un 50% refería que esa cobertura era regular o mala. Se atendían proporcionalmente en hospitales públicos, clínicas y consultorios particulares. El 47,25% recibió un primer diagnóstico erróneo y un 35,6% refería tener poca información sobre AR. El 78,7% presentaba alivio para sus dolores con el tratamiento actual. Un 18,3% utilizaba utensilios especiales para la vida diaria y el 17% terapias alternativas. La mayoría era clase funcional ACR II y un 55% de ellos presentaba actividad al momentode la muestra. Un 66,9% dependía económicamente de otros para vivir. Estos hallazgos muestran la situación de una población importante de pacientes con AR y estos resultados podrán ser usados para posteriores correlaciones con test funcionales y cuestionarios sobre calidad de vida

Hiperhomocisteinemia como factor de riesgo trombótico en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico y síndrome antifosfolípido / Hyperhomocysteine like thrombocytic risk factor in patient with systemic lupus erythematous with antiphospholipid syndrome

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de hiperhomocisteinemia (hiperhcy) en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) con y sin síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF); comparar los niveles de homocisteína (Hcy) entre pacientes con LES (con y sin SAF asociado) y un grupo de controles sanos y determinar la correlación entre hiperhcy y la presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudiaron 44 ptes con LES, portadores o no de SAF. Se los dividió en 2 grupos: 17 con LES y SAF y 27 con LES sin SAF y se compararon con 24 controles sanos. A todos se les realizó interrogatorio, examen físico y pruebas de laboratorio: anticuerpo s anticardiolipinas (aCL), anticoagulante lúpico y Hcy. Se consideró hiperhcy a valores superiores a 9. A los ptes con hiperhcy se los trató con ácido fólico + B6 + B 12 durante un mes. Análisis estadístico: variables cualitativas: Chi cuadrado o Exacta de Fischer y cuantitativas: test T de Student o MannWhitney test. Resultados y conclusiones: Hubo 35 manifestaciones trombóticas en los 44 pacientes. Se encontró Hiperhcy en 27 ptes con LES (61.4%), de los cuales 12 tenían SAF. La diferencia entre los valores de Hcy de los pacientes con o sin SAF no fue significativa (p=0,42). Comparando las concentraciones de Hcy entre pacientes y controles, la diferencia fue muy significativa (p=O,002).También tuvo significación estadística la diferencia entre las concentraciones de Hcy de los pacientes con LES sin SAF vs. controles (p=0,015) y LES con SAF vs. controles (p=0,003). A 33 ptes se les dosó aCL: 20 (60,6%) fueron (+). De estos, 15 (75%) tenían hiperhcy. De los 27 pacientes con LES que tenían hiperhcy, sólo 18 cumplieron con el mes de tratamiento con a.fólico+ B6+ B 12. 16 de 18 (88,8%) normalizaron o disminuyeron la Hcy.

Objectives: to detect the prevalence of hyperhcy in SLE patients with and without antiphospholipid syndrome; to compare the Hcy levels between those patients and healthy controls and to determine the correlation between hyperhcy and antiphospholipid antibodies. Patients and methods: we studied 44 SLE patients: 17 had antiphospholipid syndrome and 27 didn't have it, and we compared them to 24 healthy controls. All of them where checked clinically and with laboratory tests like anticardiolypin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant and Hcy. Hcy > 9 was considered abnormal. Patient who had hyperhcy were treated with folic acid+vitB6+vitBI2 a month along. Statistical analysis: qualitative variables: chi square or Fischer's; quantitative variables: Student's T test or Mann Whitney’s test. Results and conc1utions: there were 35 trombotic manifestations in 44 patients. Hyperhcy was present in 27 SLE patients (61,4%), 12 of them had antiphospholipid syndrome. Hcy concentrations patients vs. controls was statistically different (p=0,002). There was also statistically different the hcy concentration from SLE patients with SAF vs controls (p=O,003) and without SAF vs. controls (p= 0,015). From 33 SLE patients, 20 (33%) were aCL( +). 15(75%) of them had hiperhcy.

Mesangial nephropathy in Sjögren's syndrome.

We describe a 36-year-old woman with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (PSS). Purpura, corneal perforation, metabolic acidosis, decreased glomerular filtration, hypokalemia, hyposthenuria, and polyuria were present. Chronic renal insufficiency and renal tubular acidosis type I were diagnosed. Kidney biopsy revealed mesangial glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and tubular atrophy. Replacement treatment with saliva, tears, and potassium citrate was started. She was given prednisone and cyclophosphamide. This would be the first description of PSS, mesangial glomerulonephritis, and chronic renal insufficiency.

[Efficacy, tolerability and safety of cyclosporine for microemulsion in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis. Open study]. / Eficacia, tolerabilidad y seguridad de la ciclosporina para microemulsión en el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoidea activa. Estudio abierto.

Cyclosporine for microemulsion has been widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with remarkably good results over progression of joint damage, as reported by the GRISAR Study. A local group in Argentina, performed a prospective, open label study (Neo-Ra-02), consisting of 12 centres which recruited 50 RA patients, who were followed during 6 months in order to assess efficacy, tolerability and safety of cyclosporine microemulsion in the treatment of RA. Efficacy parameters were: morning stiffness, functional evaluation (HAQ, Lee and Ritchie index) and laboratory and radiological (Larsen score) assessments. Safety parameters were: blood pressure and renal, liver and hematological laboratory data. Patients criteria for participation were: presence of active RA (as defined by the ACR), Steinbrocker anatomic and functional grade I to III, disease evolution no longer than 5 years, no previous history of hypertension, renal or liver disease and absence of DMARDs use during the previous 2 months. There was a statistically significant decrease in morning stiffness and in pain evolution. Improvement became evident after 4 weeks of treatment. Reduction of Ritchie index was significant also at 4 weeks and the same observation was made with tenderness and swollen joint scores. Regarding evolution of CRP and RF, a statistically significant reduction was observed only in positive RF. Safety parameters showed no significant increase in serum creatinine or uric acid: 6/50 patients developed mild hypertension with only a significant increase in systolic blood pressure in comparison with baseline. Cyclosporine microemulsion demonstrated efficacy with minimal adverse events (12% mild hypertension) when appropriately monitored and administered in low doses (3 mg/kg/day).

In vitro synthesis of prostaglandin E2 by synovial tissue after helium-neon laser radiation in rheumatoid arthritis.

This paper reports the effect of helium-neon laser radiation (power of 5 mW and 632.8 nm wave length) on the synthesis of PGE2 in vitro in synovial tissue of biopsy samples of knee joints in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis stages II or III. Twelve patients were studied. Each patient received 15 applications of He-Ne laser. Eleven points for He-Ne laser applications were selected in one of the affected knees. The energy density used was 8 J/cm2 per application point. The He-Ne laser therapy reduced the synthesis of PGE2. The analysis of the data revealed a statistically significant difference between the levels of the synthesis of PGE2 before treatment (17.69 +/- 2.65 ng mg-1 of dry tissue h-1) and after treatment (13.85 +/- 2.73 ng mg-1 of dry tissue h-1), with p < 0.01 comparing mean values. This was also accompanied by relief of pain (91.6%), and a favorable subjective report from the patient. We conclude that PGE2 is a quantifiable parameter that could explain what causes pain relief in patients with rheumatoid arthritis that are treated with He-Ne laser.

Rheumatoid arthritis and its association with HLA-DR antigens. II. Antibodies to native connective tissue antigens detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

The distribution of frequencies of HLA-DR alloantigens in HLA-DR4 negative subjects was determined in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal individuals. An increased incidence of HLA-DR1 alloantigen in DR4 negative RA patients (45.9%) compared with DR4 negative healthy controls (23.6%) was found. The difference became significant when the incidence of DR1 was compared between patients with severe disease stages (III-IV) (75%) in contrast to 32% of incidence in patients of the milder stages (I-II) (p less than 0.05). Using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay we have determined the incidence of serum antibodies to native bovine type I and type II collagens and proteoglycans in patients with RA. Presence of serum antibodies to native type I collagen was detected in 59% of patients with RA, 60% of sera exhibited reactivity to type II collagen and 12% had antibodies to proteoglycans. There was no correlation between the presence of antibodies to type I and II collagens and disease stages, however, the incidence of serum antibodies to proteoglycans was increased in severe disease stages. On the other hand, the presence of high levels of antibodies to type I collagen was associated to HLA-DR1 antigen, (p less than 0.05).

Rheumatoid arthritis and its association with HLA-DR antigens. I. Cell mediated immune response against connective tissue antigens.

HLA-DR antigens and cellular sensitivity to native bovine type I and type II collagen and proteoglycans were examined in patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal individuals. Fifty eight percent of patients with RA (n = 88) and 28% of normals (n = 52) were DR4+ (pc less than 0.01). DR4 phenotype was significantly increased in patients with severe disease stages (III-IV), as defined by the ARA criteria, in contrast to those showing mild disease stages (I-II) (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 55 patients and 30 controls were evaluated for the in vitro production of leukocyte inhibitory factor in response to native type I and type II collagen and proteoglycans. By using this assay, cells from the arthritic group exhibited a statistically significant response when stimulated with native type I collagen and proteoglycans. The cellular immune response was not associated with any particular HLA-DR antigens, or to the disease stage or severity.

Synoviorthesis with 32P-colloidal chromic phosphate in rheumatoid arthritis--clinical, histopathologic and arthrographic changes.

Synoviorthesis was performed in 217 joints from 111 patients suffering from different stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 32P-colloidal chromic phosphate was employed, with an average dose from 6 mCi for large joints (knees) to 0.3 mCi for small peripheral joints such as average dose from 6 mCi for large joints (knees) to 0.3 mCi for small peripheral joints such as the MCP or PIP joints. Satisfactory clinical results were observed in 84% of the cases and no significant side effects resulted after a follow-up period from 1 to 10 years. Striking effects after treatment were observed through histopathological studies (light and electron microscopy) and the use of contrast arthrography. We concluded that radioactive synovectomy with 32P-chromate is a very useful method for the local treatment of RA.