RESUMO
We describe a 57-year-old woman, a heterozygote for Fabry disease who had multiple hemorrhagic cerebral infarctions. Her clinical course and radiological findings suggested cardiogenic cerebral embolus, but distinction from multiple cerebral infarction associated with Fabry disease seemed necessary. Our present case is reported with reference to the literature to introduce various types of stroke, which can develop in patients with Fabry disease.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate a new prognostic factor of breast cancer, bone marrow micrometastases which was detected by RT-PCR for mammaglobin, a sensitive molecular marker of breast cancer, was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and eleven samples from stage I-III breast cancer patients were examined. Bone marrow micrometastases and clinicopathological parameters, which were age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and status of the estrogen receptor, were evaluated for the prognostic factor by statistical analysis. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 21.1 months. Thirty-three (29.7%) out of 111 samples were RT-PCR positive. Eight cases (24.2%) in this group showed recurrent lesions in the distant organs. Whereas six (7.7%) out of 78 RT-PCR negative patients had distant recurrences. In the premenoposal patients, and in the patients with axillary lymph node metastases, RT-PCR positive cases showed significantly higher distant recurrent rate. Bone marrow micrometastases, axillary nodal status, and estrogen receptor were independent prognostic factors for breast cancer by both univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Bone marrow micrometastases detected by RT-PCR for mammaglobin can be a useful predictive marker for early distant recurrence of breast cancer.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias da Medula Óssea/genética , Neoplasias da Medula Óssea/secundário , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análise , Uteroglobina/análise , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Medula Óssea/diagnóstico , Primers do DNA , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Mamoglobina A , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Receptores de Estrogênio , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
Recent studies have disclosed the presence of a second estrogen receptor (ER; ER-beta) in addition to a classical ER-alpha. ER-beta mRNA expression has yet to be studied in pancreatic cancers. Thus, we studied the expression of ER-alpha and ER-beta mRNA in pancreatic cancers (n=29) by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and compared the expression levels in pancreatic cancers with those in breast cancers (n=116) which are typical estrogen-dependent tumors. Breast cancers were divided into two groups, ER-positive and ER-negative, according to the ER status determined by enzyme immunoassay. ER-alpha mRNA levels were significantly (P<0.01) higher in ER-positive (679.4+/-74.7 fmol/microg RNA) than ER-negative (159.7+/-33.4) breast cancers, and pancreatic cancers showed significantly (P<0.01) lower ER-alpha mRNA levels (17.5+/-10.0) than ER-negative breast cancers. On the other hand, ER-beta mRNA levels were significantly (P<0.01) higher in ER-negative (14.1+/-1.6) than ER-positive breast cancers (7.9+/-1.0), and pancreatic cancers showed significantly (P<0.01) higher ER-beta mRNA levels (28.1+/-5.1) than ER-negative breast cancers. Accordingly, ER-alpha/ER-beta mRNA ratios were significantly (P<0.01) lower in pancreatic cancers (0.94+/-053) than in ER-positive (203.9+/-34.5) and ER-negative (21.9+/-5.2) breast cancers. ER-beta2 mRNA variant expression was significantly (P<0.05) higher in pancreatic cancers than in ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers, and, on the contrary, ER-beta1 mRNA variant expression was significantly (P<0.01) lower in pancreatic cancers than in ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers. These results suggest a possibility that ER-beta (ER-beta2) plays a more important role than ER-alpha in pancreatic cancers.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Receptores de Estrogênio/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio , Receptor beta de Estrogênio , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We evaluated the clinical significance of micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes (AxLNs) of breast cancer patients for prediction of prognosis. Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded AxLN specimens from 129 node-negative breast cancer patients diagnosed by routine H&E staining between 1986 and 1990 were subjected to carcinoembryonic antigen-specific reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Micrometastases were detected in 40 of 129 (31.0%) node-negative breast cancer patients. After a median follow-up period of 105.6 months, log-rank test analysis indicated that 10-year disease-free and overall survival rates by Kaplan-Meier methods were significantly better in patients without micrometastases than in patients with micrometastases [disease-free survival, 87.6% versus 66.1% (P = 0.0008); overall survival, 93.7% versus 67.8% (P = 0.0024)]. The presence of micrometastases in AxLNs was revealed by multivariate analyses to be an independent and significant predictor of clinical outcome. The hazard ratio was 3.992 (95% confidence interval, 1.293-12.323; P = 0.0161) for relapse and 4.293 (95% confidence interval, 1.043-17.675; P = 0.0436) for cancer-related death. The molecular staging of AxLNs using reverse transcription-PCR is useful for prediction of clinical outcome in early-stage breast cancer patients and can provide a powerful and sensitive complement to routine histopathological analysis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Nipple discharge in breast cancer cases was examined loss of heterozygosity (LOH). DNA samples were extracted from both supernatant and cell pellet components of the discharge, and examined for LOH at microsatellite markers, D11S1818, D11S2000, D16S402, D16S504, D16S518, D17S520, and D17S786. At least one LOH was found in either the supernatant or cell pellet in seven out of 10 patients (70%). Five of seven samples, which were cytologically negative, were LOH positive, and only one case, which was cytologically positive, showed no LOH on the markers examined. All three samples, which were judged 'negative' by CEA measurement (<400 ng/ml), were LOH positive. This method could be a useful novel diagnostic modality for nonpalpable breast cancer with nipple discharge.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Perda de Heterozigosidade , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Mamilos/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/análise , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/genética , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/genética , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/patologia , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leite Humano/química , Papiloma/genética , Papiloma/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques have been widely employed as an ultra-sensitive method for detection of micrometastases in patients with various types of malignancies. Messenger RNA of a specific marker gene is a target for RT-PCR amplification to examine the presence of micrometastases in body fluids or tissues obtained from human. We developed the RT-PCR assay specific for rat beta-actin mRNA, which cannot detect human counterpart and assessed how much contamination of rat tissues can influence the result of RT-PCR assay and how to avoid the influence of the contamination in RT-PCR assay.
Assuntos
Actinas/análise , Metástase Neoplásica , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Actinas/genética , Animais , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Humanos , Controle de Qualidade , RNA Mensageiro/análise , RatosRESUMO
A total of 17 primary thyroid cancer specimens including seven anaplastic cancers, two papillary cancers adjacent to the anaplastic cancers, and eight papillary cancers were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome arm 16p. All tumors of anaplastic cancer showed LOHs at one or more loci, and a 7-cM region of the smallest deleted region was found on 16p13.3 between D16S423 and D16S406. This LOH was specifically found in the anaplastic cancer and not in the papillary thyroid cancer. Our present results suggest localization of the putative tumor suppressor gene on 16p13.3, which is likely to play an important role in the anaplastic transformation of thyroid cancer.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 16 , Perda de Heterozigosidade , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Carcinoma Papilar/genética , Carcinoma Papilar/patologia , Carcinoma Papilar/cirurgia , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/genética , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to search for specific and sensitive mRNA markers or a combination of markers for RT-PCR detection of micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes (LNs) from patients with breast cancer. LNs (n=177) from 17 patients were examined with Cytokeratin20 (CK20), melanoma-associated genes (MAGE1, MAGE3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), mammaglobin (MGB1) and mammaglobin B (MGB2) as molecular markers. CK20, MAGE1 and MAGE3 were slightly positive in primary tumors and CEA, PSA, MGB1 and MGB2 were highly positive. MGB1 and MGB2 were 100% positive in HE-positive LNs while CEA and PSA were only 35.7% and 57.1% positive. MGB1 and MGB2 were also 30.1% and 17.8% positive in HE-negative nodes. Thus, MGB1 and MGB2 are specific and a combination of the two should be useful for detection of micrometastases in axillary LNs of breast cancer patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Metástase Linfática/patologia , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Primers do DNA , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Pós-Menopausa , Pré-Menopausa , Receptores de Estrogênio/análise , Receptores de Progesterona/análise , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Recently, there have been some reports about the effectiveness of docetaxel for breast cancer patients who had polychemotherapy previously in vein. We report here a case of a 47-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed as local advanced breast cancer. She was given trans-arterial chemotherapy with docetaxel after four series of CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, fluorouracil) therapy resulted in PD (progressive disease). Local disease was successfully controlled, and she could undergo standard radical mastectomy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Paclitaxel/análogos & derivados , Taxoides , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Docetaxel , Feminino , Humanos , Infusões Intra-Arteriais , Mastectomia Radical , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Paclitaxel/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the malignant tumors with the poor prognosis that is thought to arise from well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). To investigate the molecular mechanism of ATC, we studied genomic alterations of eight ATC cell lines and three DTC cell lines by means of the comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) method. Loss of 16p was observed in five of eight ATC cell lines (62. 5%), but none of the three DTC cell lines showed loss of this chromosome arm. It is notable that loss of 18q [7/8 of ATC (87.5%), 2/3 of DTC (67%)] and gain of 20q [5/8 of ATC (62.5%), 3/3 of DTC (100%)] were frequently seen in both histologic types. Our results suggest that there is a gene in 16p that is closely associated with transformation from well-differentiated thyroid cancer to anaplastic cancer.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 16 , Deleção de Genes , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/genética , Carcinoma/patologia , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Humanos , Perda de Heterozigosidade , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
A novel reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay using mammaglobin B gene was developed for detection of breast cancer micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes. Fourteen primary breast cancers and 56 axillary lymph nodes from six patients with primary breast cancer and 15 control lymph nodes from non-cancer bearing patients were subjected to this assay. The transcript of mammaglobin B gene was detected in none of the control lymph nodes, but in all of the 14 primary breast cancers. Eleven out of the 56 lymph nodes from the patients, which were shown to be positive by histological examination, were also proven positive by this assay. On the other hand, fourteen of the 45 (31%) histologically negative lymph nodes were also shown to express mammaglobin B mRNA, which suggested the presence of micrometastases in these lymph nodes. RT-PCR using mammaglobin B gene could therefore be a useful tool for detection of micrometastases of breast cancer.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Uteroglobina/genética , Axila , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Primers do DNA , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Linfonodos/metabolismo , Metástase Linfática , Mamoglobina B , Proteínas da Mielina , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Proteolipídeos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Secretoglobinas , Uteroglobina/metabolismoRESUMO
Because critical care nurses recognize that many of their patients are at risk for pressure ulcer development, they provide them with support surfaces that can reduce this risk. Few reported studies, however, are available to help these nurses choose these surfaces wisely. This project was a new-product evaluation that compared the clinical effectiveness of three types of support surfaces: two dynamic mattress replacement surfaces and a static foam mattress replacement. Members of a convenience sample of 110 patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit each used one of the three support surfaces. When each patient was placed on one of the three surfaces, the evaluators rated likelihood of pressure ulcer development (Braden Scale score) and assessed the skin for pressure ulcers. The evaluators repeated the Braden Scale score weekly and the skin assessment three times each week. Nine patients (8%), three patients on each support surface, acquired pressure ulcers. The log-rank test did not find a statistically significant difference between the three types of support surfaces with respect to the risk of pressure ulcer development. Stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression revealed a statistically significant relationship between the risk of developing a pressure ulcer, the averaged total Braden Scale score, and the averaged score for the sensory perception subscale of the Braden Scale. Although these three surfaces were comparable in effectiveness, they were not comparable in cost. Both dynamic mattress replacement surfaces cost approximately $2000 each, whereas the cost of the static foam mattress replacement was only $240 each. The results of this product evaluation should encourage other nurses to evaluate patient care products carefully before making recommendations.
Assuntos
Leitos/normas , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Úlcera por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Leitos/classificação , Leitos/economia , Criança , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação em Enfermagem , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Freeze-fracture has been carried out on peripheral blood from three patients with eosinophilia. Eosinophil granule membranes are characterized by intramembranous particles (IMP) with diameters of 80-150 A. These particles of the granule membrane are consistently larger than the IMP of the plasma membrane which are approximately 80 A in diameter. Cross-fractures of granules showed no evident subgranular inclusions. The difference in size between granule and plasma membrane particles observed in freeze-fracture suggests that studies of eosinophils may be an approach to membrane alterations during phagocytosis.
Assuntos
Eosinófilos/ultraestrutura , Técnica de Fratura por Congelamento , Membrana Celular/ultraestrutura , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/ultraestrutura , Eosinofilia/sangue , Técnica de Fratura por Congelamento/métodos , Humanos , Microscopia EletrônicaAssuntos
Tecido Linfoide/ultraestrutura , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fagócitos/ultraestrutura , Toxinas Biológicas/farmacologia , Vibrio cholerae , Animais , AMP Cíclico/análise , Técnicas In Vitro , Tecido Linfoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/análise , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/ultraestrutura , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Monócitos/ultraestrutura , Fagócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Alvéolos Pulmonares/efeitos dos fármacos , Alvéolos Pulmonares/ultraestrutura , Coelhos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Tetrahymena pyriformis ST (3 X 10-4 cells/ml) was treated with 0.1 mg/ml chloramphenicol (CAP). Cell division ceased after 1.5 divisions with no decreased viability. Total mitochondrial volume and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity/liter increased 1.7-fold and 3-fold, respectively. SDH activity/cell decreased whereas malate dehydrogenase activity/cell and respiratory control ratios and P:O ratios of isolated mitochondria were unchanged in treated cells. During 12 hours of growth in CAP the total surface area of mitochondrial inner and outer membrane was essentially unchanged or increased 4-fold, respectively. Mitochondria from cells treated with chloramphenicol had decreased size, buoyant density and protein:lipid ratio in the membranes. The membrane ubiquinone:protein ratio was unchanged. Tetrahymena cells contained 3.6 X 10-minus 12 g of mitochondrial DNA and 6,800 mitochondria in a volume of 41,000 mu-3. A 4-hour treatment with CAP caused a 4-fold increase in the number of mitochondria/cell and a 10-fold increase in mitochondria/liter in contrast to a 4-fold increase in number of mitochondria/liter in control cells. Thus CAP stimulated division of mitochondria. Individual mitochondria of treated cells had one-tenth the volume of control mitochondria. The rate of increase of mitochondrial DNA/liter was the same in control and CAP-treated cultures. The amount of DNA/mitochondrion decreased 75% in CAP-treated cells due to the rapid division of mitochondria. The cell volume, cell protein content and mitochondrial DNA content/cell decreased with growth of control cultures.