Assuntos
Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2Y/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2Y/uso terapêutico , Receptores Purinérgicos P2Y12/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Purinérgicos P2/fisiologia , Adenosina/efeitos adversos , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Adenosina/farmacocinética , Adenosina/uso terapêutico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Clopidogrel , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Piperazinas/efeitos adversos , Piperazinas/farmacocinética , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/farmacocinética , Cloridrato de Prasugrel , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2Y/farmacocinética , Receptores Purinérgicos P2/efeitos dos fármacos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/métodos , Tiofenos/efeitos adversos , Tiofenos/farmacocinética , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Ticagrelor , Ticlopidina/efeitos adversos , Ticlopidina/análogos & derivados , Ticlopidina/farmacocinética , Ticlopidina/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor represents the cornerstone therapy for patients with acute coronary syndromes or undergoing percutaneous interventions, leading to a reduction of subsequent ischemic events. Variable response to clopidogrel has received close attention, and pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacogenomic factors have been identified as culprits. This led to the introduction of newer, potentially safer, and more effective antiplatelet agents (prasugrel and ticagrelor). Additionally, several point-of-care assays of platelet function have been developed in recent years to rapidly screen individuals on antiplatelet therapy. While the routine use of platelet function testing is uncertain and not currently recommended, it may be useful in instances when the degree of platelet inhibition may be uncertain such as high-risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or when there may be a suspected pharmacodynamic interaction with other drugs. The current paper focuses on the P2Y12 receptor inhibitors and their pharmacogenetics and indications in patients with acute coronary syndromes or receiving percutaneous coronary interventions as well as the applicability of platelet function testing in this clinical context.
RESUMO
The adjustable pressure-limiting (APL) valve controls airway pressure during manual ventilation. Failure of the APL valve during induction of anesthesia may occur, and the anesthesiologist must be aware of solutions for this occurrence.