A historical cohort study to investigation of statins safety in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A notable proportion of COVID-19 patients need statins for their co-existing conditions. Statins possess several anti-inflammatory properties. We have attempted to describe potential association of exposure to statins and severity of COVID symtpoms in a historical study in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This single-center, historical cohort study was performed in Baharloo hospital as a referral hospital for COVID-19 patients in Tehran. Patients were divided into two groups; 163 statins users and 547 non-users. Mortality rate, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of hospitalization were compared between studied groups. In addition, during the investigation, pre-existing conditions were evaluated for groups. If a significant difference was observed between groups, the feature was considered in the adjustment of the odds ratio. RESULTS: At the beginning, statistical analysis study showed that statins users had significantly (p<0.0001) higher mortality rate, ICU admission and length of hospitalization. But after implementation of variables such as age, sex, diabetes, hypertension status, stroke, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD), corticosteroids, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for adjustment of the odds ratio, a considerable alteration appeared in the studied values. Following adjustment of odds ratio it was shown that statins did not change mortality (95% CI, OR 0.71 (0.41-1.22), p=0.22), ICU admission (95% CI, OR 1.05 (0.66-1.66), p=0.835) and length of hospitalization (95% CI, OR 1.30 (0.78-2.17), p=0.311). In addition, we found that statins could not decrease inflammatory markers in COVID-19 infected patients. CONCLUSION: The use of statins did not seem to change outcomes in COVID19.

Parity, duration of lactation and prevalence of maternal metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy is associated with insulin resistance in tissues. Although this condition is resolved after termination of pregnancy, subtle metabolic changes can remain and prompt incidence of metabolic syndrome. However, lactation causes increased metabolic load and energy needs and it may confer with unfavorable effects of pregnancy in metabolic status. We conduct this study to evaluate impacts of lactation on development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among women. STUDY DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 978 women aged between 40 and 70 years who had at least one previous live birth, referred to population research center of Amol, Iran in 2011. We surveyed medical registries of participants of Amol health cohort and filled the checklist we had designed for our study. The checklist included main variables like age, number of pregnancies, life-time lactation duration, waist size, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, blood triglyceride level, and blood glucose level. RESULTS: We included 978 women among which, the mean age of participants was 53.24±7.8 years. Calculated odds ratio (OR) for relationship of number of parities and metabolic syndrome (OR=1.14 [95% CI=1.02-1.28] p-value=0.017) was found to be statistically significant. However, calculated odds ratio for relationship of lactation duration and MetS (OR=0.99 [95% CI=0.99-1.00], p-value=0.322) was not statistically meaningful. Moreover, we calculated OR and Pearson correlation coefficient in different strata of number of parities, none of which were statistically significant and hence did not support protective roles of lactation in development of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Our data did not support protective roles of lactation in development of metabolic syndrome, since in our study longer lactation durations as well as higher number of parities were seen among participants with metabolic syndrome.