[A review of the experience, the effectiveness and the spread of behavioral-cognitive group intervention in psychiatric ward]. / Descrizione dell'esperienza, dell'efficacia pratica e della diffusione dell'intervento cognitivo-comportamentale di gruppo nel Servizio Psichiatrico di Diagnosi e Cura di Psichiatria.

The use of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Intervention (CBGI) in Psychiatric Ward (SPDC) in Italy began in the year 2000 and it became more and more popular in different geographic areas of our country. In this paper we briefly describe the intervention, the theoretical framework, the effectiveness and efficiency in Italy as well as in the international context. Based on the theoretical model "stress-vulnerability-coping", the ICCG is a manualized treatment, innovative and effective in the acute care, using the group setting to foster a climate of collaboration between users and operators, to raise awareness, the adherence to the treatment plan and the satisfaction. This article provides an overview of studies of effectiveness, in particular those performed in Rome, Campobasso, Foggia, Arezzo which are of different lengths (1, 2, 4 and 5 years of follow-up). The results showed a reduction in voluntary as well as compulsory treatment (p<.01), an increase of ward's atmosphere and of the user satisfaction (p<.01), and also decreased aggressive acts (p.01). Finally, the results obtained through a survey of the various experiences, of the diffusion and how the intervention is applied in the various SPDC Italians are shown. The CBGI is more popular in the North of Italy, according with an increasing demand for training. The practical benefits observed by data collected are also illustrated; they mainly consist in improving the climate of the ward, in a better positive communication among users and between them and the professionals, in the fastest adherence to the treatment and of the active participation and informed care. Are also discussed factors that hinder the use in routine, including the low participation of psychiatrists and the difficulty in changing the organizational style of work in the ward.

Effectiveness and efficiency of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for inpatients: 4-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of manualized cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) integrated into routine care on a psychiatric inpatient unit and to compare the impact of the intervention on patients with the following diagnoses: schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, or personality disorders. The results presented here expand on those presented in a previous publication by including 2 more years of data and additional analyses concerning diagnosis and economic outcomes. METHOD: A pre-post design was used to measure voluntary and compulsory readmissions, ward atmosphere, patient satisfaction, mean length of stay, and cost-income in the year before CBGT was introduced (2001) compared with the next 4 years. RESULTS: In the years 2001-2005, percentage of total readmissions declined from 38% to 24% (p < 0.02); of those readmissions, 17% were compulsory in 2001 compared with 0 in 2005 (p < 0.02). A progressive improvement in ward atmosphere was observed from baseline to the following 4 years (p < 0.001). There was also statistically significant improvement in patient satisfaction compared with baseline, mainly observed during the first 2 years of the intervention (p < 0.001). The reduction in readmissions was statistically significant only for patients with schizophrenia (p < 0.001) and bipolar disorder (p < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: These results are promising and indicate that CBGT may contribute added benefit to treatment on an inpatient psychiatric ward.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural group therapy for inpatients.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the effectiveness of manualized cognitive-behavioural group therapy (CBGT) when it is integrated into the routine care on a general hospital psychiatric inpatient unit. METHODS: A pre-post design is used to measure the "process", "results" and "outcome" indicators in the year before CBGT was introduced (2001) in contrast to the subsequent two years (2002, 2003). Readmission to hospital, compulsory admissions, ward atmosphere (i.e. the use of physical restraint, episodes of violent behaviour) and patients' satisfaction were assessed. RESULTS: 90% of all inpatients in the years 2002-2003 attended the group therapy. In the years after CBGT was introduced the rate of readmission declined from 38% to 27% and 24% (p < .04), compulsory admissions were reduced from 17% to 4% (p < .03), the ward atmosphere and patients' satisfaction were both excellent (p < .01). CONCLUSION: It is probable that the improvements observed were attributable to the group therapy. These results and those observed in an earlier study are promising and further investigations of this approach are indicated.