[Remote monitoring of population health and performance reserves]. / Distantsionnyi monitoring rezervov zdorov'ya i rabotosposobnosti naseleniya.

The deterioration of the demographic situation and the public health problem in Russia in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries has assumed menacing proportions. In this regard, the need to improve the health care system, the formation of a culture of health, and the responsibility of citizens for the preservation of health and high performance has become apparent. OBJECTIVE: Design and development of a system for remote monitoring and improvement of health reserves and performance of an individual and the whole population based on the prenosological examination, the numerical assessment of body systems reserves, and implementation of adequate individual health improvement programs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Targeted population survey 2000-2020 with measurement of 18 morphofunctional indices allowed to form a database (760 thousand subjects) and develop the Health Navigator technology with the numerical assessment of health and performance reserves of individuals of different ages. This technology formed the basis for the design of the system of remote monitoring and improvement of population health reserves with results processing, storage, and analysis on local and remote servers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Monitoring of health and performance reserves of the population was developed as a browser-based telemedicine technology consisting of a number of sequential actions (operations) performed by healthcare providers and patients: 1) targeted examination of the patient; 2) computer processing of the results using a software and information complex; 3) presentation to the patient and discussion of a formalized «Health Reserve Profile¼ and a draft personal wellness program; 4) implementation of 100-150 days health improvement program based on the means of natural therapy. CONCLUSION: Appraisal of the remote monitoring system in several country regions confirmed its efficiency and the considerable interest of specialists and the population in its use. The developed system allows to accelerate and standardize the work of health care providers, establish continuous cooperation with patients, increasing their health culture and protection from early diseases.

[Social, demographic and clinical characteristics of female patients with schizophrenia and HIV]. / Sotsial'no-demograficheskie i klinicheskie osobennosti VICh-infitsirovannykh zhenshchin, bol'nykh shizofreniei.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate social, demographic and clinical characteristics of women with schizophrenia and HIV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical histories of patients who were in inpatient treatment during 2017 were retrospectively studied. A total of 174 medical histories were analyzed, but the final analysis included 40 HIV-infected patients (main groups) and 48 patients without HIV infection (comparison group). These groups included patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or acute polymorphic psychotic disorder. All patients with HIV infection were examined by a specialist and an immunological analysis was performed. Correlation analysis was performed between quantitative clinical indicators (duration of illness, number of hospitalizations, the number and duration of remissions, etc.) and immunological parameters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients with schizophrenia and HIV infection are more often hospitalized and stay in the hospital longer than patients with schizophrenia without HIV infection, which may in part be determined by the social problems of this cohort of patients. There is a relationship between individual indicators of the immune status of the patients, the duration and some features of the course of mental illness. Regular treatment of HIV infection correlates with a lower frequency of hospitalizations in a psychiatric hospital due to an exacerbation of the mental state.

Towards Semantic Brain Mapping Methodology Based on a Multidimensional Markup of Continuous Russian-Language Texts: an Attempt at Validation and Development.

In the present study, we combine linguistic annotation of oral texts in Russian with the registration of BOLD signal in functional MRI experiments to determine how and where semantic categories are represented in the human brain. Using the same stimuli material, we also analyze the differences in cortical activation in three thematic domains: description of nature, description of working principles of technical devices and more self-referential texts, addressing the question of human identity in conflict situations. We discuss methodological problems within the two approaches (microanalysis and macroanalysis) to study brain activation in natural conditions, i.e. under a continuous speech flow. Within the thematic domain studies, only minimally significant differences in brain activation were registered during the listening to texts from the three thematic groups. This outcome leads to the conclusion that the approach of thematic group contrasts (cognitive subtraction methodology) is not sufficient to study the mechanisms of text comprehension, and should be replaced by the modeling of multidimensional representations of semantic categories in time. Within the semantic category approach, we describe the neurolinguistic process of text understanding as the activation of 15 clusters responsible for semantic categories (e.g. "Conflict", "Mental", "Social"). Our data demonstrate that the clusters are widely distributed across the human brain. In contrast to the previous studies, we suggest that deep subcortical structures are involved in the processing of certain categories as well. The observed lateralization of category processing underlines the involvement of the right hemisphere in the processing of meaning.

Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. HCV envelope glycoproteins are involved in the virion formation; the correct folding of these proteins plays the key role in virus infectivity. Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. We showed that part of glycosylation sites was important for folding of the proteins involved in the formation of viral particles. Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. Experimental data are supported by mathematical modeling of the structure of E1 mutant variants.

[The association between the NRG1 gene polymorphism and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls].

NRG1 is a strong candidate for schizophrenia though its role in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unknown. One of the approaches to study mechanisms underlying the association between NRG1 and schizophrenia is to investigate the association between a gene and an endophenotype of schizophrenia, e.g., cognitive dysfunctions. Authors looked for the association of 478B14-848 и 420M9-1395 microsatellites with semantic verbal fluency, working and episodic memory in 338 patents with schizophrenia, 162 their unaffected relatives and 316 healthy controls from the Russian population. It was found associations between allele 0 at 478B14-848 (220 bp) and long-term episodic memory and between allele 0 at 420M9-1395 (274 bp) and short-term memory in schizophrenic patients. The frequency of homozygotes for 420M9-1395 was higher in the group of patients as compared to controls. In conclusion, the risk allele 0 at 420M9-1395 is associated with the short-term memory deficit while allele 0 at 478B14-848 is protective for long-term memory deficits.

[Quantification of somatic human health by the body morphofunctional parameters].

The concept of human health remains a very complicated category still lacking a generally accepted definition. In this paper, human health is viewed in light of the theory of adaptation when organism continuously, throughout ontogenesis, builds own cell, tissue and system structures and adjusts the regulatory mechanisms for functioning in a certain environment. Acute adaptive reactions to stresses and locomotion underline the sustained body adaptation and potential of vital capacity. A comprehensive method of examination consists of measuring 15 parameters, including functionality of the life supporting systems, in tests simulating standard life conditions. Examination of 640,000 of people at the age of 6 to 60 years enabled determination of age-specific ranges of the functional norms. Type rating scales were constructed to make analog point-based evaluation of the body parameters using expert-derived values of the weight coefficients for each age group and to substantiate an integral index of physical health. Original software Health Navigator produces the examination results in the form of "Health passport" pinpointing the strong and weak sides of organism and recommending a health improvement strategy.

[Potentialitis of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in management of patients with chronic heart failure complicating cardiac ischemia].

In spite of the advances in understanding the pathogenesis and approaches to the treatment of chronic heart failure, it remains one of the main causes of the patients invalidism and death, that makes the cardiologists all over the world develop new drugs for the treatment of the disease. The aim of the study was to show possible long-term use of enoximone, a new agent from the group of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, in doses of 75-150 mg a day in traditional combined pharmacotherapy of the patients with chronic heart failure. Thirty eight patients with chronic heart failure III-IV FC (NYHA) and 30% left ventrical efflux function were observed. The dynamics of the disease clinical signs, the heart hemodynamic and morphofunctional parameters, the heart bioelectric activity and the hospitalization frequency were investigated to estimate the therapy efficacy and safety. The use of enoximone in the traditional combined pharmacotherapy, including inhibitors of angiotensin-transforming enzymes, diuretics, beta-adrenoblockers and aldosterone antagonists, resulted in a reliable improvement as for the disease clinical signs, 17.8% increase of the left ventrical efflux function vs. the initial indices, less frequent hospitalization. The enoximone tolerability was good, no side effects requiring discontinuation of the drug use were recorded.

[Therapy of urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes mellitus].

Clinical and microbiological efficacy of Cifran OD (Ranbaxy, India), a formulation with prolonged action and extended release of ciprofloxacin was studied in 22 patients with bacteriuria and lingering diabetes mellitus. Ciprofloxacin was used in doses of 500 or 1000 mg orally once a day depending on the severity of the disease singns for 2-3 weeks as etiotropic therapy and only in 2 cases with severe pyelonephritis it was used intravenously drop-wise and orally simultaneously. Twenty eight microbial strains isolated from urea of the patients were tested. The main species of the isolates belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Twenty five isolates (89.3%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 3 isolates (10.7%) were resistant. The clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin was 90.9%.

[Therapeutic efficacy of mildronate in pulmonary diseases].

Immuno-corrective action of the medication has been proved by analyzing Mildronate administration in 64 patients with bronchial asthma and secondary immunodeficiency. Stimulation of sell component and inhibition of humoral component of the immunity system, improvement of central hemodynamics and normalization of the hemopoiesis system to some extent have been observed in the patients. The patients with chronic catarrhal obstructive bronchitis in acute stage and patients with infection-allergic bronchial asthma showed decrease in bronchial obstruction under the treatment with the medication.

[Therapy of bronchopulmonary infection in smokers]. / Terapiia bronkholegochnykh infektsii u kuril'shchikov.

The efficacy and safety of Cifran OD, a new dosage form of ciprofloxacin with prolonged action were studied in the treatment of patients with bronchopulmonary infection (n=23). The drug was used orally in a dose of 1 g once a day. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included patients with aggravation of chronic bronchitis and group 2 included patients with bacterial pneumonia. The recovery was stated in 77.7% of the patients in group 1, the other 26.3% of the patients showed clinical improvement. In the patients with pneumonia (group 2) the recovery was recorded in 100% of the cases. No significant side effects were observed.

[Practical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in an endocrinological department]. / Prakticheskaia realizatsiia profilaktiki i lecheniia serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom tipa 2 v usloviiakh éndokrinologicheskogo otdeleniia.

AIM: To analyse retrospectively quality of medical correction of modified risk factors (RF) and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with diabetes mellitus type (DM) 2 admitted to specialized endocrinological departments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of medication policy of CVD RF was made retrospectively for 250 patients treated in endocrinological departments of Moscow hospital in 2003. RESULTS: Arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease were diagnosed in 93.2 and 87.2% examinees. History of myocardial infarction and brain stroke was in 8.4 and 6% patients. Statins were prescribed in 2.4% cases. Examination for dyslipidemia was not satisfactory. ACE inhibitors were prescribed in 71.2% patients. Aspirin was prescribed (18%) primarily by the cardiologist. CONCLUSION: Quality of medical prophylaxis of CVD RF in DM type 2 patients in the departments does not satisfy modern clinical recommendations.

[Current possibilities and perspectives of the combined treatment of patients with severe bronchopulmonary diseases]. / Sovremennye vozmozhnosti i perspektivy kompleksnogo lecheniia bol'nykh s tiazhelymi bronkholegochnymi zabolevaniiami.

Complex treatment with ceftriaxone (or ceftazidime) and intravenous immunoglobulin G (Biaven V. I.) was performed at 21 patients with severe pneumonia and tracheobronchitis complicated by immunedeficient status (myasthenia, diabetes mellitus etc). The results of the treatment proves strong tendency to normalization of the immune system (ceruloplasmin level, CIC, catalase, immunoglobulins) along with clinical signs regression.

[Clinico-laboratory assessment of oframax (cefriaxone) in the treatment of infectious-inflammatory diseases]. / Kliniko-laboratornaia otsenka oframaksa (tseftriaksona) v lechenii infektsionno-vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii.

AIM: To try efficacy and safety of ophramax (cephtriaxon) made in India ("Ranbaxy") in infectious-inflammatory diseases treated in a general hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ophramax was given in a dose 1 to 4 g/day to 23 patients with pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, soft tissue infection, enterocolitis, etc. Therapeutic effect was examined with bacteriological identification of the infective agents, antibioticograms, agar diffusion test. RESULTS: High sensitivity of pathogens to ophramax was observed in bronchopulmonary diseases (90.7%). In other infections sensitivity of the pathogens was 59.3%. Enterococci were the only highly resistant pathogens (40.5%). Ophramax remains in the body in sufficiently high concentrations for 24 hours. This attributes to good therapeutic effect. CONCLUSION: Clinico-microbiological and pharmacokinetic findings show that ophramax can be used as a basic drug for treatment of different infectious-inflammatory diseases. Once-a-day regimen is a great advantage of ophramax.

[Clinical, bactericidal and pharmacological evaluation of the effects of netromycin]. / Klinicheskaia, bakteritsidnaia i farmakologicheskaia otsenka deistviia netromitsina.

AIM: To analyze clinical, bactericidal effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of wide-spectrum antibiotic netromycin (NM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trial entered 29 patients: 21 with bronchopulmonary diseases (pneumonia and chronic bronchitis), 5 with exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis, 2 with infectious endocarditis and 1 with peritonsillar abscess. RESULTS: Microbiologically, most of the agents (80.36%) showed sensitivity to NM. Pharmacologically, NM persisted long in blood serum and sputum irrespective of the administration mode. Positive clinical dynamics after NM treatment was achieved in all the patients but one who had a peritonsillar abscess. CONCLUSION: NM is highly active against both gram-positive and gram-negative flora. Side effects are minimal.

Valsartan in heart failure patients previously untreated with an ACE inhibitor.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect on cardiac hemodynamic parameters of valsartan in patients with chronic stable congestive heart failure previously untreated with ACE inhibitors. METHODS: After a 2 to 4 week run-in period, 116 adult outpatients were randomized to receive valsartan 40, 80 or 160 mg twice daily, the ACE inhibitor lisinopril 5/10 mg once daily, or placebo. At baseline and after 28 days of treatment, cardiac hemodynamic parameters were measured. Tolerability was assessed by adverse events and by any changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure, body weight, heart rate, and routine laboratory parameters. RESULTS: For the 12 hour time point (trough), all doses of valsartan reduced mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (statistically significant for valsartan 40 mg and 160 mg), decreased systemic vascular resistance (statistically significant for all three valsartan doses and for lisinopril at peak and trough), and increased cardiac output (statistically significant for all three valsartan doses at peak, and for 80 and 160 mg at trough). There were no clinically relevant effects on any safety parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Valsartan has beneficial effects on cardiac hemodynamics, and is generally well tolerated in patients with congestive heart failure not taking ACE inhibitors.