Validation of the RIETE, Kuijer, and HAS-BLED Models to Assess 3-Month Bleeding Risk in Anticoagulated Patients Diagnosed with Venous Thromboembolic Disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the discriminative ability and calibration of the RIETE, Kuijer, and HAS-BLED models for predicting 3-month bleeding risk in patients anticoagulated for venous thromboembolism (VTE). METHODS: External validation study of a prediction model based on a retrospective cohort of patients with VTE seen at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá (Colombia) between July 2021 and June 2023. The calibration of the scales was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the ratio of observed to expected events (ROE) within each risk category. Discriminatory ability was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) of a ROC curve. RESULTS: We analyzed 470 patients (median age 65 years, female sex 59.3%) with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in most cases (57.4%), 5.7% bleeding events were observed. Regarding calibration, adequate calibration cannot be ruled out given the limited number of events. The discriminatory ability was limited with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.48 (CI 0.37-0.59) for Kuijer Score, 0.58 (CI 0.47-0.70) for HAS-BLED and 0.64 (CI 0.51-0.76) for RIETE. CONCLUSION: The Kuijer, HAS-BLED, and RIETE models in patients with VTE generally do not adequately estimate the risk of bleeding at three months, with a low ability to discriminate high-risk patients. Cautious interpretation is recommended until further evidence is available.

Taponamiento cardiaco secundario a pericarditis tuberculosa aguda en un paciente joven, no asociado a inmunosupresión / Cardiac tamponade secondary to acute tuberculous pericarditis in a young patient, not associated to immunosuppresion

Resumen La pericarditis tuberculosa representa un pequeño porcentaje de la tuberculosis extrapulmonar, cuyo diagnóstico aún constituye un reto por la variabilidad en su presentación. La terapia antimicrobiana dirigida es el pilar del tratamiento, el cual debe seguirse de manera cercana para evaluar las complicaciones asociadas. A continuación presentamos el caso de un hombre de 25 años de edad, previamente sano, quien cursó con el taponamiento cardiaco y la falla cardiaca aguda secundaria a la pericarditis tuberculosa, cuyo diagnóstico y factores de confusión jugaron un papel importante en el desarrollo del caso.

Tuberculous pericarditis represents a small percentage of extrapulmonary tuberculosis; its diagnosis still represents a challenge because of the variability of its presentation. Empirical antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of treatment, which must be followed closely to assess any associated complications. The case of a 25-year old male, previously healthy, who developed cardiac tamponade and acute heart failure secondary to tuberculous pericarditis, whose diagnosis and confusion factors played an important role as the case progressed, is presented.