Pain and root resorption due to surgical interventions to accelerate tooth movement in orthodontics: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: There are several publications that show the efficacy of surgical interventions in accelerating the rate of tooth movement in orthodontics. Consequently, possible adverse effects must also be evaluated. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to compare the perception of pain and root resorption between orthodontic treatment with a surgical acceleration intervention vs. conventional orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases up to September 12, 2022. Randomized or non-randomized, controlled, parallel-arm or split-mouth clinical trials were included. Fixed-and random-effects meta-analyses were performed with regard to heterogeneity. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. RESULTS: A total of 1,395 articles were initially retrieved, 40 studies were finally included in the review and 15 studies were eligible for quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference in pain perception between acceleration surgery vs. conventional orthodontics at 24 h (p = 0.040); however, this difference was not significant at 7 days (p = 0.080). Overall, the patients who underwent any acceleration procedure presented significantly less resorption as compared to those who were applied conventional treatment (p < 0.001). A similar significant difference was found in retraction movements (p < 0.001) and alignment movements (p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: In the first 24 h, surgical interventions for the acceleration of tooth movement produce a greater perception of pain as compared to conventional orthodontic treatment, but the perception is similar after 7 days. Acceleration surgery results in less root resorption - in alignment movements, and especially in retraction movements.

Factors associated with indication of prophylactic extraction of the lower third molar in orthodontic practice.

Background: To date, there is no consensus on the factors that influence on indication for prophylactic extraction of the third molar, however it is a common indication in orthodontics. Aim: To determine the factors associated with indication of prophylactic extraction of the lower third molar in orthodontic practice. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study used an online survey to obtain responses from 100 professionals with clinical practice in orthodontics. The Survey Monkey software was used to enter a valid and reliable questionnaire of 11 questions to obtain demographic and clinical information of the professional, as well as some patient conditions that could be considered in a possible indication for prophylactic extraction. The questionnaire was sent through social networks and instant messaging applications. Chi Square test was used to evaluate associated factors and binomial logistic regression to identify risk or protective factors. Results: Factors significantly associated with indication of prophylactic extraction of the lower third molar were experience in orthodontics (p-value = 0.060; OR=0.325), characteristics of impaction (p-value = 0.012; OR=3.689), prevention of pericoronitis (p-value = 0.014; OR=3.769) and help stability of treatment results (p-value = 0.002; OR=6.074). Conclusions: The risk factors to indication for prophylactic extraction of the lower third molar were impaction of the third molar, prevention of pericoronitis and helping the stability of the results after treatment. Furthermore, experience in orthodontics was identified as a protective factor for this indication. Key words:Orthodontics, risk factors, third molar, tooth extraction.

Effect of Over-the-counter Whitening Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Orthodontics: A Literature Review.

Aim: To summarize and analyze all the available literature on the use of over-the-counter toothpaste and mouthwashes with whitening agents and their possible effects on orthodontic treatment. Background: Tooth color change frequently occurs during orthodontic treatment and represents a self-perceived need. According to the patient's perspective, there is a preference for the use of toothpaste and mouthwashes with some whitening effect. Materials and methods: An electronic bibliographic search in English was carried out until June 2022, in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials and experimental laboratory studies were included. Review results: A total of 57 papers were obtained from an electronic search and 11 studies were included in the review. Outcomes such as strength force elastomeric, color stability, frictional resistance, ion release, shear bond strength (SBS), and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were evaluated. Conclusion: Toothpaste and mouthwashes with whitening action did not have a favorable effect on most of the outcomes evaluated. In some cases regular toothpaste showed a better effect and in other cases, there were no differences with the control group. Only in the outcome release of ions from wires to whitening effect in teeth with or without attached brackets, they have a better performance. Clinical significance: Due to the unfavorable effects of over-the-counter whitening toothpaste and mouthwashes on orthodontic materials and appliances, their use should be justified during treatment. How to cite this article: Chinchay-Ruesta S, Ortiz-Pizarro M, Rodríguez-Díaz DR, et al. Effect of Over-the-counter Whitening Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Orthodontics: A Literature Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S311-S316.

Factores medioambientales asociados a tipos de maloclusión en dentición mixta temprana / Environmental factors associated with types of malocclusion in early mixed dentition

Introducción: La maloclusión es un problema que afecta el desarrollo de la dentición y, en la mayoría de los casos, tiene un determinante medioambiental. Objetivo: Determinar los factores medioambientales asociados a tipos de maloclusión en escolares con dentición mixta temprana. Métodos: La muestra estuvo conformada por 275 escolares que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, con una edad media de 8,95 años, 151 niños y 124 niñas. La evaluación clínica estuvo a cargo de un especialista calibrado, el registro de los factores medioambientales se realizó mediante una entrevista estructurada, índice de masa corporal y un cuestionario validado para el nivel socioeconómico. El análisis de datos empleó el software SPSS versión 25. Se utilizó análisis de regresión logística para evaluar la asociación de los factores ambientales con cada tipo de maloclusión, estableciendo OR con intervalos de confianza al 95 por ciento y un nivel de significancia del 5 por ciento. Resultados: El hábito de respiración bucal demostró que es un factor asociado al apiñamiento dentario (p = 0,049 < 0,05; OR = 1,723). El sobrepeso protege frente a la alteración de la erupción (p = 0,039 < 0,05; OR = 0,459), en comparación con los escolares con estado nutricional normal o desnutrición. Conclusiones: Se concluye que existe una asociación entre apiñamiento dentario y el hábito de respiración bucal, entre estado nutricional y la alteración de la erupción, siendo el sobrepeso un factor de protección. En las demás interacciones evaluadas no se encontró asociación de otro tipo de maloclusión con algún factor medioambiental(AU)

Introduction: Malocclusion is a problem that affects the development of the dentition and, in most cases, has an environmental determinant. Objective: Determine the environmental factors associated with types of malocclusion in schoolchildren with early mixed dentition. Methods: The sample consisted of 275 schoolchildren who met the selection criteria, with an average age of 8.95 years, 151 boys and 124 girls. The clinical evaluation was carried out by a experienced specialist, the registration of environmental factors was carried out through a structured interview, body mass index and a questionnaire validated for socioeconomic status. For data analysis, SPSS version 25 software was used. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of environmental factors with each type of malocclusion, establishing OR with 95 percent confidence intervals and a significance level of 5 percent. Results: The habit of mouth breathing showed that it is a factor associated with dental crowding (p = 0.049 < 0.05; OR = 1.723). Overweight protects against alteration of the tooth eruption (p = 0.039 < 0.05; OR = 0.459), compared to schoolchildren with normal nutritional status or malnutrition. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is an association between dental crowding and the habit of mouth breathing, between nutritional status and the alteration of the tooth eruption, being overweight a protective factor. In the other interactions evaluated, no association of another type of malocclusion with any environmental factor was found(AU)

Percepción, conocimiento y actitud hacia la ortodoncia interceptiva en odontopediatras, ortodoncistas y cirujanos dentistas en Perú

Resumen Objetivos: Comparar la percepción, conocimiento y actitud hacia la ortodoncia interceptiva en odontopediatras, ortodoncistas y cirujanos dentistas. Métodos: La muestra se conformó por 52 hombres y 56 mujeres, con una edad de 39.75 ± 9.32 años e incluyó a 36 odontopediatras, 36 ortodoncistas y 36 cirujanos dentistas. Se utilizó un cuestionario de 14 preguntas con características de validez, consistencia interna y estabilidad. El instrumento fue enviado mediante el software Survey Monkey. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante prueba de Chi Cuadrado al 5% de significancia. Resultados: Los profesionales no mostraron diferencias en la percepción y en la actitud hacia el tratamiento (p>0.05). Existió una diferencia con respecto al nivel de conocimiento sobre aspectos puntuales del tratamiento interceptativo (p<0.05). Conclusiones: Los profesionales tuvieron similares percepciones y actitudes frente al tratamiento interceptativo. Sin embargo, existió una diferencia significativa con respecto al nivel de conocimientos entre odontopediatras, ortodoncistas y cirujanos dentistas.

Resumo Objetivos: Comparar a percepção, o conhecimento e a atitude em relação à ortodontia interceptiva em odontopediatras, ortodontistas e cirurgiões-dentistas. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 52 homens e 56 mulheres, com idade de 39,75 ± 9,32 anos e incluiu 36 odontopediatras, 36 ortodontistas e 36 cirurgiões-dentistas. Foi utilizado um questionário de 14 questões com características de validade, consistência interna e estabilidade. O instrumento foi enviado usando o software Survey Monkey. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do teste Qui quadrado com significância de 5%. Resultado: Os profissionais não apresentaram diferenças de percepção e atitude em relação ao tratamento (p> 0,05). Houve diferença quanto ao nível de conhecimento sobre aspectos específicos do tratamento interceptativo (p <0,05). Conclusões: Os profissionais tiveram percepções e atitudes semelhantes em relação ao tratamento interceptativo. No entanto, houve diferença significativa quanto ao nível de conhecimento entre odontopediatras, ortodontistas e cirurgiões-dentistas.

Abstract Objectives: To compare the perception, knowledge, and attitude towards interceptive orthodontics among pediatric dentists, orthodontists, and dental surgeons. Methods: The sample included 52 men and 56 women, aged 39.75 ± 9.32 years: 36 pediatric dentists, 36 orthodontists, and 36 dental surgeons. The 14-question survey administered had validity, internal consistency, and stability. Survey Monkey was used to administer the survey. The data was analyzed using the chi-square test at a 5% significance level. Results: No differences were found among professionals regarding perception and attitude towards the treatment (p > 0.05). There was a difference regarding the level of knowledge about specific aspects of interceptive treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions The professionals had similar perceptions and attitudes towards interceptive treatment. However, there was a significant difference regarding the level of knowledge of pediatric dentists, orthodontists, and dental surgeons.

Efecto de una Intervención Educativa vía WhatsApp en la Higiene Oral de Pacientes con Ortodoncia / Effect of an Educational Intervention via WhatsApp on the Oral Hygiene of Orthodontic Patients

RESUMEN: La higiene oral en pacientes con ortodoncia fija se encuentra comprometida y las nuevas tecnologías de información podrían convertirse en una herramienta valiosa de educación en salud oral. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de una intervención educativa vía whatsapp en la higiene oral de pacientes con aparatología de ortodoncia fija. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 46 pacientes (18.65 ± 3.21 años de edad) que iniciaron tratamiento de ortodoncia fija. Se realizó el índice de placa de O´Leary y se aplicó un cuestionario para medir el nivel de conocimiento en higiene oral. Los participantes se dividieron en un grupo experimental y control, mediante asignación aleatoria. Al grupo experimental se le envió una intervención educativa elaborada mediante la herramienta Play Ground Versión 2.0, vía la aplicación para mensajería instantánea WhatsApp Messenger Versión 2.19.153 y al grupo control se brindó las instrucciones de rutina sobre higiene oral. Después de 6 semanas, se evaluó el índice y cuestionario. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el Coeficiente de Correlación de Concordancia, la prueba de Shapiro Wilk y la prueba T de Student para muestras relacionadas e independientes. Los pacientes del grupo experimental tuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el control de placa (p = 0.001) y nivel de conocimiento después de la intervención educativa (p = 0.016), a comparación del grupo control. La intervención educativa vía WhatsApp tuvo un efecto positivo en la higiene oral, con respecto al control de placa y al nivel de conocimientos de pacientes con ortodoncia fija.

ABSTRACT: Oral hygiene in patients with fixed orthodontics is compromised and new information technologies could become a valuable tool for oral health education. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention via WhatsApp on the oral hygiene of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. The study sample consisted of 46 patients (18.65 ± 3.21 years old) who started fixed orthodontic treatment. The O'Leary plaque index was performed and a questionnaire was applied to measure the level of knowledge in oral hygiene. Participants were divided into an experimental and control group, by randomization. The experimental group was sent an educational intervention prepared using the Play Ground Version 2.0 tool, via the WhatsApp Messenger versión 2.19.153 instant messaging application, and the control group was given routine instructions on oral hygiene. After 6 weeks, the index and questionnaire were evaluated. For data analysis, the concordance correlation coefficient, the Shapiro Wilk test and the Student's T test for related and independent samples were used. The patients in the experimental group had statistically significant differences in plaque control (p = 0.001) and level of knowledge after the educational intervention (p = 0.016), compared to the control group. The educational intervention via WhatsApp had a positive effect on oral hygiene, with respect to plaque control and the level of knowledge of patients with fixed orthodontics.

Análisis de la relación entre la proporción áurea y el parámetro facial / Analysis of the relation between the golden ratio and the facial parameter

Introducción: la habilidad clínica para modificar la forma dentofacial a través del tratamiento ortodóntico, cirugía maxilofacial o cirugía plástica, requiere comprensión de la belleza facial, incluyendo la evaluación de la estética facial, proporciones y simetría. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre los componentes de la proporción áurea con el parámetro facial de estudiantes en la provincia Chiclayo. Métodos: la población de estudio fue representada por 88 estudiantes que cumplieron con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: edad entre 17-28 años, ambos sexos, sin tratamiento ortodóntico, con maloclusión clase I y dentición completa. Se diseñó una ficha de recolección de datos para medidas antropométricas craneofaciales. Se calibraron los examinadores, se evaluó la estabilidad de la concordancia intra e interexaminador mediante el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen. Para el contraste de la hipótesis se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación chi cuadrado. Para todas las pruebas estadísticas el nivel de significancia fue de 5 por ciento (p< 0,05). Resultados: se observó que el 65,91 por ciento del total de pacientes presentaban proporción divina en su dimensión externa, 48,86 por ciento son braquifaciales, 13,64 por ciento mesofaciales, 3,41 por ciento dolicofaciales, y el 57,95 por ciento del total presentaban proporción divina en su relación vertical, 42,05 por ciento son braquifaciales, 10,23 por ciento mesofaciales y 5,68 por ciento dolicofaciales. En cuanto al perfil armónico, el 70,45 por ciento del total de pacientes no presenta proporción divina, de los cuales el 53,41 por ciento son braquifaciales, 10,23 por ciento son mesofaciales y 6,82 por ciento son dolicofaciales. Conclusiones: solo existe relación entre la proporción áurea en su componente de dimensión externa con el parámetro facial. La proporción áurea se cumplió en todos sus componentes, en un mayor porcentaje en los individuos braquifaciales y hubo predominio de la proporción áurea en el sexo femenino(AU)

Introduction: the clinical ability to modify the dentofacial form through orthodontic treatment, maxillofacial surgery, or plastic surgery requires an understanding of facial beauty, including the evaluation of facial aesthetics, proportions, and symmetry. Objective: to analyze the relationship between the components of the golden ratio and the facial parameter of students in the province of Chiclayo. Methods: the study population was represented by 88 students who met the following inclusion criteria: age between 17 and 28 years, both sexes, without orthodontic treatment, with class I malocclusion and complete dentition. A data collection form for craniofacial anthropometric measurements was designed. The examiners were calibrated, the stability of the intra- and inter-rater concordance was evaluated using the Cohen's Kappa coefficient. For the contrast of the hypothesis, the correlation coefficient square chi was used. For all statistical tests, the level of significance was 5 percent (p< 0.05). Results: 65.91 percent of all the patients were observed to have a divine proportion in their external dimension: 48.86 percent are brachifacial, 13.64 percent mesofacial, and 3.41 percent dolichofacial. 57.95 percent of the total number of patients presented divine proportion in its vertical relation: 42.05 percent are brachifacial, 10.23 percent mesofacial, and 5.68 percent dolichofacial. Regarding the harmonic profile, 70.45 percent of the total number of patients did not present a divine proportion: 53.41 percent are brachifacial, 10.23 percent are mesofacial, and 6.82 percent are dolichofacial. Conclusions: there is only a relationship between the golden ratio in its external dimension component and the facial parameter. The golden ratio was fulfilled in all its components, in a greater percentage in the brachifacial individuals, and there was a predominance of the golden ratio in the female sex(AU)