RESUMO
This population-based cohort study with a 3-year follow-up revealed that the annual incidence rates of vertebral fracture (VF) and severe VF (sVF) were 5.9%/year and 1.7%/year, respectively. The presence of mild VF at the baseline was a significant risk factor for incident sVF in participants without prevalent sVF. INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to estimate the incidence of morphometric vertebral fracture (VF) and severe VF (sVF) in men and women and clarify whether the presence of a mild VF (mVF) increases the risk of incident sVF. METHODS: Data from the population-based cohort study, entitled the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study, were analyzed. In total, 1190 participants aged ≥ 40 years (mean age, 65.0 ± 11.2) years completed whole-spine lateral radiography both at the third (2012-2013, baseline) and fourth surveys performed 3 years later (2015-2016, follow-up). VF was defined using Genant's semi-quantitative (SQ) method: VF as SQ ≥ 1, mVF as SQ = 1, and sVF as SQ ≥ 2. Cumulative incidence of VF and sVF was estimated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for incident sVF. RESULTS: The baseline prevalence of mVF and sVF were 16.8% and 6.0%, respectively. The annual incidence rates of VF and sVF were 5.9%/year and 1.7%/year, respectively. The annual incidence rates of sVF in participants without prevalent VF, with prevalent mVF, and with prevalent sVF were 0.6%/year, 3.8%/year, and 11.7%/year (p < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses in participants without prevalent sVF showed that the adjusted odds ratios for incident sVF were 4.12 [95% confident interval 1.85-9.16] and 4.53 [1.49-13.77] if the number of prevalent mVF at the baseline was 1 and ≥ 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The annual incidence rates of VF and sVF were 5.9%/year and 1.7%/year, respectively. The presence of prevalent mVF was an independent risk factor for incident sVF.
Assuntos
Osteoartrite , Osteoporose , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral , Adulto , Idoso , Densidade Óssea , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/complicações , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/epidemiologia , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/etiologiaRESUMO
We compared the bone strength measured via quantitative computed tomography-based finite element method (QCT/FEM) between healthy adults with and without ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). No statistically significant difference was observed in the bone strength between healthy adults with and without OPLL. Hyperostosis of the posterior longitudinal ligament in OPLL may not be associated with the systemic bone strength. INTRODUCTION: Although patients with OPLL have been reportedly associated with increased level of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), little is known about the bone strength in OPLL subjects. The aim of this study is to investigate the bone strength measured via QCT/FEM in healthy subjects with OPLL using the medical check-up data, including whole-body CT scans. METHODS: We examined 796 participants (529 men and 267 women) who underwent CT scans in a single health center between January 2008 and May 2009. We identified OPLL in whole spine and divided the subjects into two groups: non-OPLL and OPLL groups. We calculated the predicted bone strength (PBS) of the proximal femur using QCT/FEM and examined the bone mineral status of the calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). We compared the PBS and the QUS parameters between the non-OPLL and OPLL groups. RESULTS: Seventy-four subjects (9.3%; 57 men and 17 women) were diagnosed with OPLL in the whole spine. The OPLL group was significantly older than the non-OPLL group. No statistically significant difference was observed in the PBS and the QUS parameters between the non-OPLL and OPLL groups in both sexes. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was noted in the PBS and the QUS parameters between two groups in age- and gender-matched analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that hyperostosis of the posterior longitudinal ligament in OPLL may not be associated with bone strength and bone mineral status at the extremities.
Assuntos
Fêmur/fisiologia , Ossificação do Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adulto , Densidade Óssea , Feminino , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Ligamentos Longitudinais/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Ossificação do Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/diagnóstico por imagem , OsteogêneseRESUMO
Phonon-phonon scattering dominates the thermal properties in nonmetallic materials, and it directly influences device performance in applications. The understanding of the scattering has been progressing using computational approaches, and the direct and systematic observation of phonon modes that include momentum dependences is desirable. We report experimental data on the phonon dispersion curves and lifetimes in an epitaxially grown ScN film using inelastic x-ray scattering measurements. The momentum dependence of the optical phonon lifetimes is estimated from the spectral width, and the highest-energy phonon mode around the zone center is found to possess a short lifetime of 0.21 ps. A comparison with first-principles calculations shows that our observed phonon lifetimes are quantitatively explained by three-body phonon-phonon interactions.
RESUMO
Malignant gliomas are highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiation and more effective options for treatment are urgently needed. We reported previously that the aromatic amide brefelamide, which is isolated from methanolic extracts of the cellular slime molds Dictyostelium giganteum and D. brefeldianum, hinders cellular proliferation in a glioma model utilizing 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. Herein, we examined the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of 1321N1 cell proliferation by brefelamide. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was found to enhance the rate of proliferation of serum-free cultured 1321N1 cells, but did not affect proliferation in PC12 cells. Brefelamide pretreatment inhibited GDNF-induced cell proliferation and expression of rearranged during transfection (RET). GDNF enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), AKT, and c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK); however, brefelamide pretreatment inhibited these effects. Brefelamide also reduced the expression of GDNF mRNA and GDNF secretion. Together, the findings from this study indicate that brefelamide inhibits the proliferation of 1321N1 cell via several mechanisms including reduced GDNF receptor expression and GDNF secretion, and reduced phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, and JNK.
Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Astrocitoma/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/farmacologia , Animais , Astrocitoma/genética , Astrocitoma/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial/genética , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial/metabolismo , Receptores de Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial/genética , Glioma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Células PC12 , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RatosAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/induzido quimicamente , Doença de Hodgkin/terapia , Gestão de Riscos , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Aloenxertos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nivolumabe , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug AdministrationRESUMO
Antimicrobial potential of medicinal plants have been explored extensively these days. This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial potential from aerial parts of plant, called 'Annona senegalensis' and its constituents. Bioassay guided fractionation led to the isolation of four metabolites, (+)-catechin (1), (-)-anonaine (2), (-)-asimilobine (3) and (+)-nornantenine (4). This is the first report on the isolation of compounds 1, 3 and 4 from this plant. Compounds 2 and 4 showed good activity, whereas 1 and 3 displayed weak inhibition against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). The results showed that compound 2 and 3 showed significant activity with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.12 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. The present study reports for the first time the antibacterial activity of the extract of A. senegalensis and its constituents. As S. mutans is a rather resistant bacteria, the MIC obtained during the present study is significant.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/farmacologia , Annona/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Alcaloides/química , Antibacterianos/química , Aporfinas/química , Aporfinas/isolamento & purificação , Aporfinas/farmacologia , Catequina/química , Catequina/isolamento & purificação , Dioxóis/química , Dioxóis/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/químicaRESUMO
Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of toxin accumulation in pufferfishes has been long-standing problem in toxicology and evolutionary biology. Pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin-binding protein (PSTBP) is involved in the transport and accumulation of tetrodotoxin and is one of the most intriguing proteins related to the toxicity of pufferfishes. PSTBPs are fusion proteins consisting of two tandem repeated tributyltin-binding protein type 2 (TBT-bp2) domains. In this study, we examined the evolutionary dynamics of TBT-bp2 and PSTBP genes to understand the evolution of toxin accumulation in pufferfishes. Database searches and/or PCR-based cDNA cloning in nine pufferfish species (6 toxic and 3 nontoxic) revealed that all species possessed one or more TBT-bp2 genes, but PSTBP genes were found only in 5 toxic species belonging to genus Takifugu. These toxic Takifugu species possessed two or three copies of PSTBP genes. Phylogenetic analysis of TBT-bp2 and PSTBP genes suggested that PSTBPs evolved in the common ancestor of Takifugu species by repeated duplications and fusions of TBT-bp2 genes. In addition, a detailed comparison of Takifugu TBT-bp2 and PSTBP gene sequences detected a signature of positive selection under the pressure of gene conversion. The complicated evolutionary dynamics of TBT-bp2 and PSTBP genes may reflect the diversity of toxicity in pufferfishes.
Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Saxitoxina/genética , Canais de Sódio/genética , Tetraodontiformes/genética , Compostos de Trialquitina/metabolismo , Animais , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Filogenia , Especificidade da Espécie , Tetraodontiformes/classificaçãoRESUMO
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a vision-threatening disease characterized by choroidal fibrovascular membrane (FVM) formation, choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and choroidal fibrosis. No safe and effective therapeutic method has been developed for the choroidal fibrosis, although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy can partially shrink the CNV. We recently reported that periostin (POSTN), which is produced by retinal pigment epithelial cells, has an important role in the formation of preretinal FVMs, but its role in choroidal FVMs has not been determined. In this study, we used Postn knockout mice to investigate the role played by POSTN in choroidal FVM formation. In addition, we used a new class of RNA interference (RNAi) agent (NK0144) that targets POSTN and determined its effect on choroidal FVM development. Genetic ablation of Postn had an inhibitory effect not only on CNV formation but also on choroidal fibrosis in a mouse CNV model. NK0144 also had a greater inhibitory effect on both the CNV and choroidal fibrosis than control RNAi with no apparent adverse effects. These findings suggest a causal relationship between POSTN and choroidal FVM formation, and also a potential therapeutic role of intravitreal NK0144 for AMD.
Assuntos
Moléculas de Adesão Celular/genética , Neovascularização de Coroide/terapia , Degeneração Macular/terapia , Interferência de RNA , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Adesão Celular , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Corioide/irrigação sanguínea , Corioide/patologia , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Terapia Genética , Humanos , Injeções Intravítreas , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Interferente Pequeno/administração & dosagem , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/patologia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/fisiologia , Receptor 3 Toll-Like/metabolismoRESUMO
We conduct a detailed structural analysis of the S=1 pyrochlore antiferromagnet MgV2O4, which exhibits an antiferromagnetic ordering marginally at TN=40 K, triggered by a structural transition from cubic to tetragonal symmetry at TS=62 K, using high resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction and convergent beam electron diffraction. We reveal that the tetragonal phase below TS has the symmetry of I4(1)/a and that the distortion pattern of VO6 octahedra is consistent with A-type antiferro-orbital ordering with alternating stacking of layers with yz/xy orbital chains and zx/xy orbital chains along the tetragonal c axis. This implies that an anisotropic coupling of V moments produced by the orbital ordering below TS primarily brings about the antiferromagnetic ordering.
RESUMO
In Mott insulators, the strong electron-electron Coulomb repulsion localizes electrons. In dimensions greater than one, their spins are usually ordered antiferromagnetically at low temperatures. Geometrical frustrations can destroy this long-range order, leading to exotic quantum spin liquid states. However, their magnetic ground states have been a long-standing mystery. Here we show that a quantum spin liquid state in the organic Mott insulator EtMe(3)Sb[Pd(dmit)(2)](2) (where Et is C(2)H(5)-, Me is CH(3)-, and dmit is 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate) with two-dimensional triangular lattice has Pauli-paramagnetic-like low-energy excitations, which are a hallmark of itinerant fermions. Our torque magnetometry down to low temperatures (30 mK) up to high fields (32 T) reveals distinct residual paramagnetic susceptibility comparable to that in a half-filled two-dimensional metal, demonstrating the magnetically gapless nature of the ground state. Moreover, our results are robust against deuteration, pointing toward the emergence of an extended 'quantum critical phase', in which low-energy spin excitations behave as in paramagnetic metals with Fermi surface, despite the frozen charge degree of freedom.
RESUMO
The p53 tumor suppressor belongs to a gene family that includes two other structurally and functionally related members: p73 and p63. The regulation of p53 activity differs significantly from that of p73 and p63. To enhance the tumor suppressive activity of p53, we constructed six recombinant adenoviruses that encode hybrid proteins with three functional domains derived from either p53 or TAp63γ. The potency of these hybrid molecules in suppressing tumorigenesis was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models. Of the hybrid molecules tested, one hybrid named p63-53O was the most potent activator of apoptosis in human cancer cells. The p63-53O hybrid is composed of the transcriptional activation domain and DNA-binding domain of TAp63γ and the oligomerization domain of p53. The p63-53O hybrid efficiently transactivated p53AIP1. Moreover, silencing of p53AIP1 partially abolished the apoptotic response to p63-53O in human cancer cells. The p53-p63 hybrid molecule is a novel potent anti-proliferative agent for the treatment of cancer.
Assuntos
Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes p53 , Neoplasias/terapia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/uso terapêutico , Adenoviridae/genética , Adenoviridae/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Feminino , Vetores Genéticos/genética , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Ativação Transcricional , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
For practical applications of supercritical water oxidation to wastewater treatment, the deposition of inorganic salts in supercritical phase must be controlled to prevent a reactor from clogging. This study investigated enhanced removal of sodium salts with titanium particles, serving as a salt trapper and a catalyst precursor, and sodium recovery by sub-critical water. When Na(2)CO(3) was tested as a model salt, sodium removal efficiency was higher than theoretically maximum efficiency defined by Na(2)CO(3) solubility. The enhanced sodium removal resulted from in-situ synthesis of sodium titanate, which could catalyse acetic acid oxidation. The kinetics of sodium removal was described well by a diffusion mass-transfer model combined with a power law-type rate model of sodium titanate synthesis. Titanium particles showed positive effect on sodium removal in the case of NaOH, Na(2)SO(4) and Na(3)PO(4). However, they had negligible effect for NaCl and negative effect for Na(2)CrO(4), respectively. More than 99% of trapped sodium was recovered by sub-critical water except for Na(2)CrO(4). In contrast, sodium recovery efficiency remained less than 50% in the case of Na(2)CrO(4). Reused titanium particles showed the same performance for enhanced sodium removal. Enhanced salt removal supported by in-situ catalyst synthesis has great potential to enable both salt removal control and catalytic oxidation.
Assuntos
Sódio/química , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Purificação da Água/métodos , Água/química , Catálise , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Oxirredução , Óxidos/síntese química , TitânioRESUMO
We performed combined magnetotransport and cyclotron resonance experiments on two-dimensional electron systems confined in the Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O/ZnO heterostructures over a wide range of carrier densities, from 1.9 to 12 × 10(11) cm(-2) (3.5 ~ r(s) ~ 10, where r(s) is the Wigner-Seitz radius). As the carrier density was reduced, the transport mass m(tr)* was strongly enhanced. In marked contrast, the effective masses determined from the cyclotron resonance m(CR)(*) were found to be independent of the carrier density and as large as the bulk effective mass. The large enhancement of m(tr)(*), which exceeds m(CR)(*) by ~ 60%, at the lowest carrier density with r(s) 10 is purely attributed to the strong electron correlation.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stem cell transplantation therapy is a promising option for treatment of severe ischaemic heart disease. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) differentiates P19CL6 embryonic carcinoma cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells, but with low differentiation capacity. To improve the degree of this differentiation, we have assessed several derivatives of the differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1), originally found in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, on P19CL6 cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: P19CL6 cells were cultured with each derivative and 1% DMSO for up to 16 days. Differentiation was assessed by measuring the number of beating and non-beating aggregates, and the expression of genes relevant to cardiac tissue. The mechanism of action was investigated using a T-type Ca(2+) channel blocker. KEY RESULTS: Of all the DIF-1 derivatives tested only Br-DIF-1 showed any effects on cardiomyocyte differentiation. In the presence of 1% DMSO, Br-DIF-1 (0.3-3 µM) significantly and dose-dependently increased the number of spontaneously beating aggregates compared with 1% DMSO alone, by day 16. Expression of mRNA for T-type calcium channels was significantly increased by Br-DIF-1 + 1% DMSO compared with 1% DMSO alone. Mibefradil (a T-type Ca(2+) channel blocker; 100 nM) and a small interfering RNA for the T-type Ca(2+) channel both significantly decreased the beating rate of aggregates induced by Br-DIF-1 + 1% DMSO. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Br-DIF-1 accelerated the differentiation, induced by 1% DMSO, of P19CL6 cells into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells, partly by enhancing the expression of the T-type Ca(2+) channel gene.
Assuntos
Canais de Cálcio Tipo T/fisiologia , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hexanonas/farmacologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dimetil Sulfóxido , Mibefradil/farmacologia , Camundongos , Miócitos Cardíacos/citologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/fisiologiaRESUMO
An aberration-corrected electron microscope developed in CREST project has been applied for imaging atoms and clusters buried inside crystals. The resolution of the microscope in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has experimentally proved to be better than 47 pm by use of a cold-field emission gun at 300 kV. The high resolution has given an advantage for imaging light elements such as lithium atoms discriminating one by one. Moreover, a three-dimensional structure imaging has been demonstrated for dopant clusters by a sub-50 pm STEM, using its high depth resolution.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Glaucoma Neovascular/tratamento farmacológico , Glaucoma Neovascular/cirurgia , Trabeculectomia/métodos , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Bevacizumab , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , VitrectomiaRESUMO
By using bulk magnetization, electron spin resonance (ESR), heat capacity, and neutron scattering techniques, we characterize the thermodynamic and quantum phase diagrams of Ba3Cr2O8. Our ESR measurements indicate that the low field paramagnetic ground state is a mixed state of the singlet and the Sz=0 triplet for H perpendicular c. This suggests the presence of an intradimer Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction with a DM vector perpendicular to the c axis.
RESUMO
Autophagic or necrotic cell death (ACD and NCD, respectively), studied in the model organism Dictyostelium which offers unique advantages, require triggering by the same differentiation-inducing factor DIF-1. To initiate these two types of cell death, does DIF-1 act through only one or through two distinct recognition structures? Such distinct structures may recognize distinct motifs of DIF-1. To test this albeit indirectly, DIF-1 was modified at one or two of several positions, and the corresponding derivatives were tested for their abilities to induce ACD or NCD. The results strongly indicated that distinct biochemical motifs of DIF-1 were required to trigger ACD or NCD, and that these motifs were separately recognized at the onset of ACD or NCD. In addition, both ACD and NCD were induced more efficiently by DIF-1 than by either its precursors or its immediate catabolite. These results showed an unexpected relation between a differentiation factor, the cellular structures that recognize it, the cell death types it can trigger and the metabolic state of the cell. The latter seems to guide the choice of the signaling pathway to cell death, which in turn imposes the cell death type and the recognition pattern of the differentiation factor.
Assuntos
Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Dictyostelium/citologia , Dictyostelium/efeitos dos fármacos , Hexanonas/química , Hexanonas/farmacologia , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/química , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/farmacologia , Necrose/induzido quimicamente , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Animais , Dictyostelium/metabolismo , Citometria de Fluxo , Hexanonas/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/metabolismo , Microscopia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Glaucoma Neovascular/tratamento farmacológico , Glaucoma Neovascular/cirurgia , Fotocoagulação a Laser/métodos , Trabeculectomia/métodos , Vitrectomia/métodos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Bevacizumab , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hemorragia Retiniana/prevenção & controle , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Aberrations up to the fifth-order were successfully measured using an autocorrelation function of the segmental areas of a Ronchigram. The method applied to aberration measurement in a newly developed 300kV microscope that is equipped with a spherical aberration corrector for probe-forming systems. The experimental Ronchigram agreed well with the simulated Ronchigram that was calculated by using the measured aberrations. The Ronchigram had an infinite magnification area with a half-angle of 50mrad, corresponding to the convergence angle of a uniform phase.