[Hemodynamic monitoring in pediatric anesthesia]. / Hämodynamisches Monitoring in der Kinderanästhesie.

Perioperative mortality and morbidity in childhood essentially depend on the quality of the anesthesia. The Safe Anesthesia for every Tot (SafeTots) initiative takes this into account and has defined normotension, normovolemia and normal heart rate as quality criteria in pediatric anesthesia. Appropriate monitoring of pediatric hemodynamics is necessary to fulfil these criteria. This article provides an overview of currently used methods and techniques for instrumental and non-instrumental cardiovascular monitoring in children. The current study situation, recommendations and guidelines on the application as well as practical aspects of the measurement methods are explained as far as possible. For a better understanding, procedures not routinely used in clinical practice are described in more detail.

On biomechanics of the cervical spine when using a smartphone / Zur Biomechanik der Halswirbelsäule beim Umgang mit dem Smartphone.

ON BIOMECHANICS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE WHEN USING A SMARTPHONE: This paper deals with biomechanics of the cervical spine when using a smartphone. The forces acting on the vertebral bodies, vertebral joints, intervertebral discs, muscles and ligaments increase as the angle of flexion of the cervical spine increases. The disorders caused by smartphone neck, on the other hand, are mostly acute and can be treated well with regular exercise and strengthening the neck muscles. Therapy is therefore also suitable for prevention. However, the long-term effects should not be disregarded, because the increasing possibilities for using smartphones also mean that the average daily use increases more. Especially the daily screen time for young people is getting longer and longer. The currently still acute clinical picture of the smartphone neck, which rarely takes a chronic course and causes long-term damage, could develop into a larger chronic clinical picture due to missing or too late measures.

Electrode-free visual prosthesis/exoskeleton control using augmented reality glasses in a first proof-of-technical-concept study.

In the field of neuroprosthetics, the current state-of-the-art method involves controlling the prosthesis with electromyography (EMG) or electrooculography/electroencephalography (EOG/EEG). However, these systems are both expensive and time consuming to calibrate, susceptible to interference, and require a lengthy learning phase by the patient. Therefore, it is an open challenge to design more robust systems that are suitable for everyday use and meet the needs of patients. In this paper, we present a new concept of complete visual control for a prosthesis, an exoskeleton or another end effector using augmented reality (AR) glasses presented for the first time in a proof-of-concept study. By using AR glasses equipped with a monocular camera, a marker attached to the prosthesis is tracked. Minimal relative movements of the head with respect to the prosthesis are registered by tracking and used for control. Two possible control mechanisms including visual feedback are presented and implemented for both a motorized hand orthosis and a motorized hand prosthesis. Since the grasping process is mainly controlled by vision, the proposed approach appears to be natural and intuitive.

[Neurostimulation by music - an overview]. / Neurostimulation durch Musik.

What is music and how does it affect the human body? Historically, music is considered something divine because it has a huge impact on human emotions. This effect also has a psychosomatic effect and can influence and control the thoughts and actions of the listener. For example, purchasing behavior can be severely manipulated by musical accompaniment alone. Even the motivation can be either increased or reduced with the appropriate setting. In today's civilization, music accompanies people every day and is used for many different purposes. Thus, the musical stimulation is to be evaluated as a kind of psychotherapy, which is often used purposefully, but subconsciously takes place in the influenced. Of course, as there are still unanswered questions about the exact effect of music on the brain, many studies are currently being conducted in the field of neuroscience to fully understand this phenomenon.

Non-contact visual control of personalized hand prostheses/exoskeletons by tracking using augmented reality glasses.

A new concept for robust non-invasive optical activation of motorized hand prostheses by simple and non-contact commands is presented. In addition, a novel approach for aiding hand amputees is shown, outlining significant progress in thinking worth testing. In this, personalized 3D-printed artificial flexible hands are combined with commercially available motorized exoskeletons, as they are used e.g. in tetraplegics.

Pathophysiological interrelated deactivation/activation processes in the exhausted brain after whiplash injury.

In this paper pathophysiological interrelated deactivation/activation phenomena are set out in the example of whiplash injury. These phenomena could have been underestimated in previous positron emission tomography studies as their focus was on hypoperfusion rather than hyperperfusion. In addition, statistical parametric mapping analysis of cerebral studies is normally not fine-tuned to special interesting areas rather than to obvious clusters of difference.

Whiplash Syndrome- a disorder of the brain?

In the past two decades much has been published on whiplash injury, yet both the confusion regarding the condition, and the medicolegal discussion about it have increased. In this paper, functional imaging research results are summarized using MRIcroGL 3D visualization software and assembled in an image comprising regions of cerebral activation and deactivation.