[Our experience with the application of collagen-based preparations in reconstructive surgery of the middle ear].

This paper summarizes our experience with the application of collagen-based preparations for reconstructive surgery of the middle ear. The best morphological results (88.46%) were obtained by the closure of extensive defects with the Oblecolum membrane as a temporary supporting structure and the outer atraumatic dressing for the tympanic transplant (in 30 patients) or by the use of the compact-porous explants from the "Sanguicol" preparation as an overlay on the transplant (in 22 patients). Twenty seven patients presenting with the so-called "operated ear disease" underwent mastoidoplasty with the use of the compact-porous preparation "Stimul-oss" as a supporting structure to induce the ingrowth of the bone tissue and the subsequent substitution of the defect. This treatment ensured the reduction of the volume of the bony trepanation cavity. In addition, we have obtained preliminary encouraging results of the application of collagene preparations for the surgical intervention on the stirrup in the patients suffering otosclerosis.

[Experience with the use of surgical lasers for the treatment of patients with upper respiratory tract and ear diseases].

The objective of this study was to analyse the efficiency and safety of the use of a holmium- YAG laser (wave length 2.09 mcm) and an erbium-activated glass-based fiber laser scalpel (wave length 1.56 mcm) in ENT-surgery. Priority methods for the surgical intervention in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and middle ear were developed to treat patients with distorted nasal septa, vasomotor rhinitis, polypous rhinosinusitis, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and various forms of chronic suppurative otitis media. Long-term observations demonstrated fairly good stability of beneficial outcomes of the treatment with the above methods in the majority of the patients. It is concluded that surgical technologies with the use of modern medical lasers provide extensive possibilities for a great variety of interventions in patients with upper respiratory tract and ear diseases.

[Vestibular disorders in patients with otosclerosis: prevalence, diagnostic and therapeutic options].

A total of 177 patients with otosclerosis were selected for this study. Vestibular disorders were diagnosed in 40 (22.6%) of them. The patients were allocated to 2 groups comprising 11 and 18 subjects respectively. Patients of group 1 were given surgical treatment during the current hospitalization. Patients of group 2 were treated by conservative therapy following stapedoplasty performed 1 year or more earlier. The study included analysis of vestibular symptoms and evaluation of clinical effectiveness of the combined treatment in the form of therapy with betahistine dihydrochloride (betaserk) during 2 months and a course of 10-12 sessions of game exercises at a stabilographic complex. The patients of both groups enjoyed reduced severity of subjective and objective vestibular symptoms and statistically significant improvement of the equilibrium function assessed from statokinesigrams. It is concluded that combined vestibuloadaptive therapy is an effective method of preparation for stapedoplasty and correction of postoperative complications.

[Cavinton prevention of neurosensory hypoacousis in patients with different forms of tuberculosis]. / Opyt primeneniia preparata kavinton dlia predotvrashcheniia razvitiia neirosensornoi tugoukhosti u bol'nykh razlichnymi formami tuberkuleza.

According to pharmacological studies, cavinton has an effect on the end links of aminoglycosides interaction with elements of the internal ear. Basing on this property, cavinton was used as prophylaxis of neurosensory hypoacusis in 118 patients aged 17 to 63 years suffering from tuberculosis. The results of the studies have shown than cavinton not only prevents hypoacusis in patients with normal hearing but also improves it in patients with hearing problems.

[Anti-leukotriene therapy of patients with allergic rhinosinusitis and bronchial asthma]. / Antileikotrienovaia terapiia bol'nykh allergicheskim rinosinusitom i bronchial'noi astmoi.

The authors review current knowledge on pathogenesis of allergic rhinosinusitis and bronchial asthma and their relations, show the role of leukotriens in development of respiratory allergy, characterize antileukotrienic medicines. Eleven patients with allergic rhinosinusitis and bronchial asthma received monotherapy with zafirlucast (acolapt) which is a blocker of leukotrienic receptors. Eight patients benefited from the treatment. The positive effect consisted in improvement of nasal respiration, reduction of rhinorrhea, edema of nasal mucosa, size of polyps.

[Cochlear implantation with implant Combi 40+ produced by MED-El]. / Opyt operatsii kokhlearnoi implantatsii s implantom Combi 40+ firmy "MED-El".

The paper reports three cases of cochlear implantation using implant Combi 40+ produced by Med-El (Austria). Short-term postoperative testing results demonstrate an appreciable progress in hearing. Changes in speech discrimination and speech production are evaluated.

[Approaches to surgical treatment of snoring and sleep apnea]. / Varianty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia bol'nykh s khrapom i sindromom sonnogo apnoé.

Examination and treatment data on 186 patients suffering from snoring and sleep apnea and surgical methods to manage these pathological conditions are reviewed. The stages of the surgical treatment of snoring and sleep apnea are the following: correction of nasal breathing, surgical intervention on the palatine using different tools (laser, scalpel, loop, electric knife). Effectiveness of the treatment methods, complications, postoperative developments are compared.

[Holmium laser in chondrology: potentials and prospects]. / Vozmozhnosti i perspektivy primeneniia gol'mievogo lazera v khondrologii.

To study the mechanism of simulation of a cartilage, to define the optimum parameters and laser radiation regimens, the authors made a complex of in vitro experiments on the cartilages of the nasal septum in man and domestic animals and in vivo experiments on those of the concha in rabbits and pigs. Holmium laser radiation is shown to be the most suitable tool for formation of a cartilage. Evidence is provided for the possibility of irreversibly altering the shape of a cartilage during laser radiation. A procedure has been developed for non-invasive correction of the septum of the nose for its curvature. Restored or improved nasal respiration was observed in more than two thirds of the patients. Laser surgery is not of age-limited application, it is noninvasive, can be performed in the outpatient settings and requires no drug treatment in the postoperative treatment.

[Effects of tonsillogenic intoxication on dysmenorrhea in women of childbirth age]. / Vliianie tonzillogennoi intoksikatsii na narushenie menstrual'nogo tsikla u zhenshchin detorodnogo vozrasta.

Because of tonsillogenic intoxication, chronic tonsillitis (CT) impairs reproductive system of women of childbearing age. This may result in dysmenorrhea. CT patients often have hormonal disorders, especially in decompensated CT. Women with dysmenorrhea should be sent for consultation to ENT specialist who will conduct necessary treatment.

[Use of gaseous ozone and ozonized solutions in the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media]. / Primenenie gazoobraznogo ozona i ozonirovannykh rastvorov pri lechenii khronicheskikh gnoinykh srednikh otitov.

Ozone as gas and ozonized solutions were employed as treatment modalities in 28 patients with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. Basing on otoscopy, bacteriological tests of the discharge from the middle ear cavity, number of washings before disappearance of the purulent discharge the conclusion was made that cure of patients on ozone therapy occurs 3-5 days earlier than in ozone-untreated patients. Ozone therapy is a beneficial adjuvant in combined treatment of otitis media.

[Acute sensorineural hearing loss (data of the otorhinolaryngologic clinic of the I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy)]. / Ostraia neirosensornaia tugoukhost' (po materialam kliniki boleznei ukha, gorla i nosa MMA im. I.M. Sechenova).

The authors review the history of the research on acute neurosensory hypoacusis performed at the chair of ENT diseases of the I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Institute in 1916-1995. Etiological, pathogenetic, clinical, therapeutic and prophylactic aspects are considered. The investigators have developed and introduced into practice combined treatment of acute neurosensory hypoacusis the primary components of which are immediate hospitalization, chemotherapy in line with hyperbaric oxygenation and reflex therapy.

[Objective assessment of the olfactory analyzer function based on recording of olfacto-vegetative and olfacto-vestibular reactions]. / Ob"ektivnaia otsenka funktsii oboniatel'nogo analizatora na osnove registratsii ol'fakto-vegetativnykh i ol'fakto-vestibuliarnykh reaktsii.

To register objectively olfactory defects and to assess them qualitatively and quantitatively, the authors propose to use olfactometric techniques reflecting olfactovegetative and olfactovestibular manifestations. Automatic pupillographic complex APK-OI provides speed, time and amplitude parameters of the pupillary and nyctating reflexes. 600 pupillograms and records of the nictation reflex proved high diagnostic significance of these methods. 104 stabilographic examinations (ST-02 unit) illustrated the changes in 12 vestibular parameters prior to and after olfactory impact. The results give grounds for application of olfactovestibular reactions registration as an objective olfactometric test.