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Using mobile phones while riding is a form of distracted riding that significantly elevates crash risk. Regrettably, the factors contributing to mobile phone use while riding (MPUWR) among food delivery riders remain under-researched. Addressing this literature gap, the current study employs the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and various socio-economic factors to examine the determinants of MPUWR. The research incorporates data from 558 delivery workers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The study utilizes two analytical methods to empirically test the hypotheses, considering non-linear relationships between variables: Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results reveal mixed impacts of factors connected to job resources. Although social support appears to deter MPUWR, work autonomy and rewards seemingly encourage it. Furthermore, a predisposition towards risk-taking behaviour significantly impacts the frequency of mobile phone usage among delivery riders. Interestingly, riders with higher incomes and those who have previously been fined by the police exhibit more frequent mobile phone use. The findings of this study present valuable insights into the crucial factors to be addressed when designing interventions aimed at reducing phone use among food delivery riders.
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Telefone Celular , Direção Distraída , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Telefone Celular/estatística & dados numéricos , Vietnã , Direção Distraída/estatística & dados numéricos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Apoio Social , Análise de Classes Latentes , Assunção de Riscos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Uso do Telefone Celular/estatística & dados numéricos , Restaurantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Introduction: Technological advancements have the potential to enhance people's quality of life, but their misuse can have a detrimental impact on safety. A notable example is the escalating issue of distracted driving resulting from the use of mobile phones behind the wheel, leading to severe crashes and injuries. Despite these concerns, both drivers' usage patterns and their risk-related associations remain scarcely documented in Mexico. Therefore, this descriptive study aimed to examine the mobile phone usage of Mexican drivers, its relationships to risk awareness and near-miss/crash involvement, and the self-reported underlying reasons for this behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a sample of 1,353 licensed Mexican drivers who took part in a nationwide series of interviews regarding their onboard phone use settings. Results: A significant percentage of drivers (96.8%) recognize using a mobile phone while driving as high-risk behavior. However, only 7.4% reported completely avoiding its use while driving, with 22.4% identified as high-frequency users. Frequency was also found positively associated with the self-reported rate of near-misses and crashes. Furthermore, qualitative data analysis highlights the emergence of a 'sense of urgency' to attend to phone-related tasks in response to daily demands and life dynamics, offering a potential explanation for this behavior. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest common patterns of onboard mobile use among Mexican drivers concerning driving situations and associated risks. This underscores the need for increased efforts to discourage onboard phone use in the country.
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Condução de Veículo , Uso do Telefone Celular , Humanos , Autorrelato , Acidentes de Trânsito , Estudos Transversais , México/epidemiologia , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
An examination of women's experience on public transport in Bangladesh and Cambodia found that victimization does reduce perceived safety or transport use. In a cultural context where women are socialized to fear and avoid public spaces, experiencing victimization may confirm rather than change previous beliefs. Moreover, it is possible that the participants' use of public transport was driven by necessity rather than choice and that they were unable to change travel patterns in response to victimization. These findings underscore the importance of targeting public violence toward women and the broader societal norms that limit their participation in public life.
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ABSTRACT The World Health Organization has emphasized that one of the most important questions to address regarding the covid-19 pandemic is to understand risk factors for disease severity. We conducted a brief review that synthesizes the available evidence and provides a judgment on the consistency of the association between risk factors and a composite end-point of severe-fatal covid-19. Additionally, we also conducted a comparability analysis of risk factors across 17 studies. We found evidence supporting a total of 60 predictors for disease severity, of which seven were deemed of high consistency, 40 of medium and 13 of low. Among the factors with high consistency of association, we found age, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, albumin, body temperature, SOFA score and diabetes. The results suggest that diabetes might be the most consistent comorbidity predicting disease severity and that future research should carefully consider the comparability of reporting cases, factors, and outcomes along the different stages of the natural history of covid-19.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Betacoronavirus , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco , Complicações do Diabetes , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19RESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Chronic back pain is one of the principal causes of long term disability in middle age. Its consequences include decreased worker productivity and increased costs for affected individuals, their employers and society in general. Objective: Determine coping strategies, characteristics of pain including psychological aspects, and quality of life in patients with chronic back pain. Materials and methods: 50 patients from three institutions providing physiotherapy services in the city of Sincelejo, were surveyed. A non-experimental descriptive cross type design was used; each participant underwent treatment with a pain characteristic assessment interview, along with the visual analog scale (VAS), the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (QSC) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire Euroqol (EQ5D2). Results: Most patients had a diagnosis of cervicalgia and low back pain. The perceived intensity of pain was generally moderate. The most frequently used coping strategies was praying and hoping and the least used was catastrophizing. Patients reported a high level of quality of life in terms of self-care and mobility scales. In addition, statistically significant relationships between current pain intensity and coping strategy to ignore it (positive) and between duration of pain and the coping strategy consistent of minimizing pain (negative) were established. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the use of strategies to ignore the pain increases with the intensity of the pain and reduces with longer duration. Additionally, pain perception is sensitive to age and experiences.
Resumen Introducción: El dolor de espalda crónico es una de las principales causas de discapacidad a largo plazo en la edad madura. Sus consecuencias incluyen disminución de la productividad laboral y aumento en los costos para los individuos afectados, sus empleadores y la sociedad en general. Objetivo: Determinar las estrategias para afrontar el dolor, características de este, incluyendo aspectos psicológicos y calidad de vida en pacientes con dolor de espalda crónico. Materiales y métodos: Se encuestaron 50 pacientes de tres instituciones que prestan servicios de fisioterapia en la ciudad de Sincelejo. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental, descriptivo transversal. A cada participante se le hizo una entrevista de evaluación de las características del dolor junto con la Escala Analógica Visual (VAS), el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento del Dolor (QSC) y el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Euroqol (EQ5D2). Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron un diagnóstico de lumbalgia y cervicalgia. En general su percepción era de dolor moderado. Las estrategias de afrontamiento más utilizadas eran rezar y tener esperanza, mientras que la menos usada era la catastrofización. Los pacientes reportaron un buen nivel de calidad de vida en las escalas de cuidado personal y movilidad. Además, se establecieron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la intensidad del dolor actual y la estrategia de afrontamiento de ignorar el dolor (positiva) y entre la duración del dolor y la capacidad para afrontarlo basada en minimizar el dolor (negativa). Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que el uso de estrategias para ignorar el dolor se incrementa con la intensidad del mismo y disminuye a medida que se prolonga en el tiempo. Adicionalmente, la percepción del dolor es sensible a la edad y a las experiencias.
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HumanosRESUMO
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el diseño y validez de una escala para evaluar salud sexual y reproductiva. Participaron 919 estudiantes mujeres entre 11 a 19 años quienes respondieron el cuestionario, que evalúa actitudes y normas subjetivas, basado en planteamientos de la teoría de comportamiento planeado. Con el objetivo de comprobar la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y un análisis de componentes principales con rotación VARIMAX. Esta investigación incluye dos estudios independientes, en el estudio 1 (prueba piloto) la versión del pilotaje inicialmente constaba de 172 ítems y disminuyó a 78 en la muestra final. Para el estudio 2, en la escala de actitud se reporta una media de 3.68 (D.E. = 1.21) y un a= 0.91. Se extrajeron dos factores agrupados en dos dimensiones que explican un 67.10%; en la escala de normas subjetivas se obtuvo media de 3.80 (D.E. = 1.10) y un a= 0.97. Los ítems se adecuan a la matriz factorial. Se extrajeron 11 factores de los cuales son interpretables 9 y se explican en un 75.89%. En conclusión, el instrumento confirma una confiabilidad adecuada y estabilidad estructural de gran utilidad para la comprensión e implementación de estrategias de acción en sexualidad reproductiva en mujeres adolescentes.
This article describes the design and validation of a scale for evaluating reproductive and sexual health. 919 young females from 11 to 19 years in five Caribbean- Colombian cities were administered the questionnaire that assesses attitudes and subjective norms about the reproductive sexuality, based on the planned behavior theory (Ajzen & Fishbein, 2000). The reliability and validity of the instrument was analyzed through exploratory factorial analysis with principal components and VARIMAX rotation. The methodology includes two independent studies; in study 1 (pilot test) the first questionnaire consisted of 172 items and decreased to 78 in the final sample. For study 2, the attitude scale reported (Mean = 3.68, ED = 1.21) and Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.91. Two factors were extracted and grouped into two dimensions that explain 67.10% of the variance. For the subjective norms scale (Mean = 3.8, ED = 1.1) Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.97 and eleven factors were extracted and grouped into nine dimensions, which explain 75.89% of the variance. The scale showed good reliability and structural stability for the analysis and design of programs for sexual and reproductive health in adolescent girls.
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La creciente tasa de embarazos en adolescentes y la alta incidencia de las infecciones de transmisión sexual (entre ellas el VIH/SIDA), son temáticas en torno a la salud y en especial la salud sexual y reproductiva, que han recibido gran atención por parte de investigadores y de la opinión pública en general. Recientemente, se ha encontrado que los adolescentes llevan a cabo con facilidad comportamientos de riesgo para su salud sexual y reproductiva y aquellos que no han presentado dichos comportamientos también muestran altos niveles de intención para llevarlos a cabo. Se ha hipotetizado que además de variables cognitivas como las actitudes, normas subjetivas, control conductual percibido y la intención, la personalidad de los jóvenes es un aspecto que juega un papel importante en su salud sexual y reproductiva. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre las variables de la TCP y las características de personalidad y los resultados sugieren que la direccionalidad de estas correlaciones se encuentra asociada con el tipo específico de comportamiento o situación que se está evaluando.
The increasing rate of pregnancies in teenagers and the high incident of the infections of sexual transmission (HIV/ AIDS, for example), these are health related issues (and especially the sexual and reproductive health), which have received great attention on the part of investigators and of the public opinion in general. Recently, there has been evidenced that teenagers carry out very easily risk sexual behaviors, and those who have not presented the above mentioned behaviors also show high levels of intention to carry out them. There is the hypothesis that besides cognitive variables such as attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention, the personality of the young persons is an aspect that plays an important paper in their sexual and reproductive health. Significant correlations were found between the variales of the TPB and the personality traits; the results suggest that the direction of these correlations is associated with the specific type of behavior or situation that is assessed.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento Reprodutivo , Personalidade , Sexualidade , Teoria Psicológica , Colômbia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Modelos PsicológicosRESUMO
Este artículo presenta la construcción y comprobación de la confiabilidad de un instrumento para evaluar las actitudes y normas subjetivas en el comportamiento sexual y reproductivo en varones en dos estudios. La escala fue administrada a 965 estudiantes varones escolarizados, entre 11 a 19 años de edad, en la región Caribe colombiana. En el Estudio 1 (pilotaje) el cuestionario constituido por 150 ítems se redujo a 78 en la prueba final. En la escala de actitud protección (Media = 4.1 y DE = 1.07) se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0.93 y en la de actitud abstinencia/retardo (Media = 3.6 y DE = 1.26), un alfa de 0.88 y homogeneidad elevada con correlación ítem-total superiores a 0.6. Para la escala de creencias categorizada como normas subjetivas (Media = 3.79 y DE = 1.08) la estimación del alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.98 y homogeneidad adecuada con correlaciones superiores a 0.66. La evaluación de la validez de constructo mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio y análisis de componentes principales con rotación VARIMAX, denota adecuación satisfactoria de los datos a la matriz factorial en el Estudio 2 (escala definitiva). En conclusión el instrumento es confiable, de estructura estable para la medición de actitudes y normas subjetivas en sexualidad reproductiva y contribuirá a establecer acciones específicas en programas, acorde a las expectativas en salud sexual y reproductiva de los adolescentes varones.
This paper presents the construction and testing of the reliability of an instrument to assess attitudes and subjective norms sexual and reproductive behavior of young males. The scale was administered to 965 male students (From of 11 to 19 years) enrolled at school in the Colombian Caribbean region. This work includes two independent studies, in the Study 1 (pilot) the questionnaire consisted of 150 items and it was reduced to 78. In the protective attitude scale (Mean = 4.1 and SD = 1.07) was obtained Cronbach's alpha of 0.93 and for the abstinence / delay attitude (Mean = 3.6 and SD = 1.26) an alpha of 0.88 with high homogeneity. The total correlation item was greater than 0.6 for all the attitude scales. On the scale of beliefs represented by the subjective norms (Mean = 3.79 and SD = 1.08) the estimation of Cronbach's alpha was 0.98 with correlations above 0.66. In Study 2 (final stop), the construct validity assessment using factorial analysis and principal components analysis with VARIMAX rotation reported a satisfactory fit of the data to the array factor. In conclusion, the instrument has a reliable and stable structure for the measurement of attitudes and subjective norms for sexuality and reproductive health, and it is useful to help in the setting of programs.
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Testes Psicológicos , Psicometria , SexualidadeRESUMO
Objetivo:Proponer un esquema de clasificación conceptual (ECC) basado en el método de análisis de contenidos, con el fin determinar brechas en el conocimiento en cuanto a las variables de condiciones de trabajo que impactan la Calidad de Vida Laboral. Materiales y métodos: Seutilizó una metodología integral de clasificación que considera 54 artículos científicos comprendidos en el periodo 1992 - 2012, a partir de los cuales se estructuraron diferentes categorías, tales como: año de publicación del artículo, titulo de la revista científica en la cual se publicó y un esquema conceptual basado en preguntas. Resultados:Las investigaciones relacionadas con el tema de estudio han aumentado en la última década. El total de artículos revisados aumentó de 6 en el período 1992 - 2001 a 48 en el período 2002 - 2012. Por otra parte, el 76 % de los artículos analizados llega a la conclusión de que existe una estrecha relación entre las condiciones de trabajo analizadas y el impacto en la salud física y mental de los trabajadores. No obstante, con un porcentaje del 9 % diferentes investigaciones exponen la relación entre las condiciones favorables de trabajo y el incremento en la productividad. Conclusiones: Los avances realizados en el campo han dado frutos y actualmente se están estimando nuevas metodologías y/o herramientas que permitan evaluar las condiciones a las que están expuestos los trabajadores, y de esta manera involucrarlos a conseguir no solo los objetivos financieros y de operaciones de la empresa, sino también los beneficios en pro de su desarrollo personal y profesional.
Objective: Propose a conceptual classification scheme (CCS) based on the content analysis method, in order to determine gaps in knowledge regarding to the working conditions variables that impact the Quality of Work Life. Materials and methods: We used an integral methodology that considers around 54 scientific papers of the period 1992-2012, from which, we structured different categories of classification like year of publication, title of the journal and a conceptual framework based on questions. Results:The amount of research related to the topic of study has increased over the past decade. The total increased from 6 articles reviewed in the period 1992-2001 to 48 in the period 2002-2012. Moreover, 76 % of the articles analyzed concludes that there is a close relationship between working conditions and the impact on physical and mental health workers; however, with a rate of 9 % different research present the relation between the favorable conditions of work and the increased of productivity. Conclusions: Advances in the field have induced to estimate new methodologies and / or tools, in order to evaluate the conditions that workers are exposed and thus involve not only achieve financial and operations objectives, but also, the benefits towards their personal and professional development.
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Este estudio de 1.777 adolescentes escolares varones y mujeres entre 11 a 19 años en el Caribe colombiano, tuvo doble objetivo: diseñar y validar dos escalas de intención en sexualidad reproductiva y analizar diferencias de género. El pilotaje de las escalas constaba de 8 ítems y se redujo a 6; la comprobación de la fiabilidad y validez mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y de componentes principales con rotación VARIMAX arrojó dos factores: Intención de Protección e Intención de Riesgo, explicados entre 69. por ciento y 7 por ciento respectivamente. En la Intención de Protección masculina (M = 3.87 y D.E = 1.29) y de Riesgo (M = 2.56 y D.E = 1.18) obtuvieron un alfa entre 0.74 y 0.86, y en la Intención de Protección femenina (M = 3.49 y D.E = 1.35) y de Riesgo (M = 1.50 y D.E = 0.89) osciló entre 0.78 y 0.86. En conclusión, la confiabilidad y estabilidad estructural son adecuadas y existen diferencias de género en las escalas.
The study of 1777 male and female adolescent students of 11 - 19 years in the Colombian Caribbean had two objectives: development and validation of two reproductive health intention scales and analyze gender differences. The pilot of the scale consisted of 8 items and was reduced to 6, to check the reliability and validity using factor analysis and principal components with VARIMAX rotation yielded two factors: Intention and Intention Risk Protection, explained between 69 percent and 7percent respectively. In the male Protection Intent (M = 3.87 and SD = 1.29) and risk (M = 2.56 and SD = 1.18) obtained an alpha between 0.74 and 0.86, and in Protection of Intent to female (M = 3.49 and SD = 1.35) and risk (M = 1.50 and SD = 0.89) ranged between 0.78 and 086. In conclusion, the reliability and structural stability are adequate and there are gender differences in the scales.