[Preparing student nurses for critical care placements, a quasi-experimental mixed study]. / Préparer la venue des étudiants infirmiers en stage de soins critiques, une étude mixte quasi expérimentale.

Weaving a link between the academic pathway in nursing schools and health care facilities. To co-create a new and adaptive training for nursing students called to do a placement in an intensive care unit. To facilitate their integration and reduce their apprehension in a highly technical clinical environment. These are the goals of the Préparéa workshops implemented within the regional teaching and training center for health professions at the Toulouse University Hospital.

[Leadership and advanced practice nurses]. / Le leadership et les infirmiers en pratique avancée.

Clinical leadership is expected of advanced practice nurses with regard to their scope of competencies. The effective implementation of this competency within the teams requires management support. It is a first step towards the reinforcement of clinical leadership in France.

[The compassionate care approach within an institutional framework]. / La démarche de bientraitance au sein d'un cadre institutionnel.

The motivations for promoting a policy for the implementation of a compassionate care approach in the nursing sector appear commendable and respectable. The relatively recent notion of compassionate care seems to be accepted as long as it is used consensually. What is the meaning of compassionate care? Which benchmarks should be used for its implementation within a health institution?

[The patient pathway, an essential element of the care project]. / Le parcours du patient, indispensable au projet de soins.

Constructing an innovative care project in oncology, common to two healthcare institutions with different statuses, was a challenge for the directors of nursing of the Claudius-Regaud Institute and Toulouse university hospital. The patient care pathway was a major organisational element of the project, keyto ensuring high quality patient care, from the diagnosis through to the personalised post-cancer plan.

[Oral communication, for the spread and transfer of knowledge]. / La communication orale, pour la diffusion et le transfert de connaissances.

The continuous improvement of the quality of care in the personalised management of each patient requires practitioners to consciously use the best current data resulting from clinical research. The oral communication of the results of research work is one of the methods of optimising the scientific, pedagogical and social value of nursing and allied healthcare research.

[Perception and attitude toward pain]. / La douleur et le soin,entre l'acte et l'accompagnement.

Traditionally, the pain sends back to the infringement of the flesh and the suffering on the infringement of the psyche. The relation of care and the accompanying are due to nature a social fact of relation. In the right line of a first study (Péoc'h et al., 2007) concerning professional representations of health care professionals with respect to the care of the pain, we studied in the context of the theoretical model of the "social thought" (Rouquette, 1973), attitudes, perceptions and the ideological positions of patients about their pain's living. 244 patients hospitalized within the Hospitals of Toulouse have completed a questionnaire included free associations tasks, attitude answers, and answers concerning the ideological dimension of pain (beliefs, religious or anthropological orientation), in fine, a fourth party entered into a phenomenological perspective. The object "pain" will be suspected under the angle of the consciousness and the lived of the patient by using the protocol of the "narrative story of life" (Le Grand, 1989), with a praxeological design. Results indicate that the conceptions of the pain proposed by the patient make references to two different areas: that of the body (evil, handicap) and that of the psyche (evil-being, suffering). The term suffering reveal the social face of the pain in a double constituent: existential (solitude, incomprehension) and ideological (" it is necessary to take its evil in patience ", P = 73,3 %; chi2 = 39,83, p. < .05). The representation universe of the pain comes along with a certain indecision between these two events of the disease : pain versus suffering.

[Professional values: a strategic component of health professionals. The contribution of decisional research at the Toulouse University Hospital Center]. / Les valeurs professionnelles, une composante de la stratégie d'implication organisationnelle des professionnels de santé... L'apport compréhensif d'une recherche décisionnelle menée au CHU de Toulouse.

The organizational involvement concept is often developed by many researchers and practitioners. This study is in the right inheritance of Allen and Meyer (1990) and Thevenet and Neveu (2002) works who all considered the involvement as "an affective or emotional attachment towards the organization such as an individual strongly involved identifies himself, reinforces his own agreement and enjoys being a member of the organization that employs him". The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of professional values (in terms of adherence to the purposes, norms and values of the establishment upon the subject's involvement in professional activities). 1538 health professionals practising in Toulouse academic hospital center have answered a questionnaire upon the subject's individual perception of his personal involvement in his workplace; the possible working impacts upon his own motivation, the perceptions upon professional values. Results indicate that if involvement is subject to professional values, it turns towards a double determination: technical and axiological or ethical. The professional and axiological dimension introduces a moral position and a cognitive framework that participates in the decision-making action : working together, creating a climate of confidence, trusting the group, and progressing for greater cohesion. The ethical dimension joins historic and humanist values: self respect and altruism; developing human values for oneself and for others. Specifying values is already a project in itself, in terms of consciousness. Understanding those impacts upon health professionals involvements' is also the aim to include the historical of our Care Project in collective interaction, alteration and construction purposes.

[Nurses and nursing care research]. / Les infirmières et la recherche en soins.

Nurses and nursing care research. Nursing practice is fundamentally a work of creation. Unique, singular, appropriate and helpful to the patient, every act of care aims to take root in the subtle fertile soil of the nursing art. A base which, in all humility, invites caregivers to demonstrate curiosity and a critical mind with regard to their practices. At Toulouse university hospital, research into nursing care has been consolidating practices for more than fifteen years.

[Well treatment and ethics of care. Similarities and differences concerning the scientific review]. / Bientraitance et ethique du care.... Similitudes et différences autour d'une recension des ecrits scientifiques.

Neologism or new concept, the term "bientraitance" in french appeared historically in the disciplinary field of childhood and geriatrics. Difficult to translate in the Anglo-American language, this word does not present a theoretical approach and a precise conceptual modeling. Use the term "bientraitance" in opposition with the term "maltreatment" seems reducing the notion. Therefore how to translate accurately the notion of "bientraitance"? Approach etymological, historical, philosophical in a phenomenological perspective can help us understand the concept. The object "bientraitance" will be suspected under the angle of care, caring and ethic of care. This article is structured around three questions: --What is "Bientraitance"? --What is the ethics of care? --What are the similarities and differences? In fine, we will demonstrate that the term of Bientraitance is a cultural consciousness about the professional attitudes (listening, empathy, care) and the professional praxis (each act of care centred about others).

[The Leonetti law relative to the patients' rights and end of life. From educational measurement of knowledge to thinking about professional practices]. / La loi Léonetti relative aux droits des malades et à la fin de vie. De l'évaluation de sa connaissance à la réflexion sur les pratiques professionnelles.

Version 2 of accreditation, known as "certification" by 13 th August 2004 law, introduces assessment practices. The opportunity of introducing these practices, offers to the of introducing these practices, offers to the whole health professional members the possibility of using concretely in their practices, the results and knowledge issued in health taking care research. Registered in a dual approach (research and process quality), the research we have driven aimed to analyze the knowledge, the attitudes and the practices associated to the Léonetti Law Act (Act no 2005-370 from 22nd Apr 2005, in reference with patients' rights and the end of life), towards all kind of health professionals. 1770 of them, working at Toulouse Universitarian Hospital, have answered inquiries which included questions about professional knowledge (confidence person, advanced directives) as well as questions linked with professional practices (attitudes, behaviours, decisions taken ...). The results point out a certain consensus on professional practices: good knowledge about the notion of confidence person, changes in the replies rate about the discriminating variable "seniority", new emerging professional attitudes. This kind of research underlines the deep links between knowledge systems and the attitude requires around palliative care.

[Representations and induced pain: benchmarks, memory, discussion...towards the premises of comprehension]. / Représentations et douleur induite: repère, mémoire, discours ... vers les prémisses d'une compréhension.

As part of qualitative research for the CLUD of the Hospitals of Toulouse, we studied for two years how the social representations of health professionals could contribute to clarify the practices of consideration of "pain resulting from care". As part of the theory of social representations, we rested on the notion of professional representation. Professional representations are representations concerning outstanding objects (pain resulting from care) belonging to a specific professional environment (health professionals). Divided within the considered profession, they constitute a dissimilar process, taking shape and getting out of shape, with which individuals evolve in professional situation (care situations): opinions, behavior, strong lines, knowledge.... The notion was made operational here with 302 health professionals from all social and occupational groups. Although the elements put forward in this article only represent a brief part of the research undertaken, they enable to register our qualitative research in a hermeneutic approach of the studied phenomenon. The examination of the professional representation brought back to the various categories of health actors shows that the status of some of them and of the others is the first differential criterion of strong lines relative to the mentioned professional object. Besides, the own story of the health actor, in his knowledge and opinions, reveals a second particular marker. Yes, "pain resulting from care" is an outstanding object, which is acknowledged within the care units. Yes, "what I am (I, a nurse) would influence my way of taking care of the pain resulting from care".