[Vitamin D concentration in type 1 diabetic children. Association with glycemic control, lipidic and bone metabolism]. / Concentración de vitamina D en niños diabéticos de tipo 1. Asociación con el control glucémico y el metabolismo óseo y lipídico.

Introduction: Introduction: vitamin D plays a key role in regulating insulin secretion and its deficit seems to confer an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. In this study, we have tried to analyze the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our type 1 diabetic children population and if their deficiency is related to a worse control of the disease, as well as with their bone and lipid metabolism. Material and methods: this is a retrospective study, in which both clinical and laboratory data were available for 124 children who were controlled in the Pediatric Diabetes Unit of our Hospital. Results: the median vitamin D concentration of the total sample was 25.41 (7.43) ng/ml, higher in males than in females (p = 0.006); 43.55 % of patients had good metabolic control with glycosylated hemoglobin lower than 7.5 %. Slightly lower glucose and cholesterol concentrations and higher bone alkaline phosphatase concentrations were found when vitamin D concentration was ≥ 20 ng/ml. Conclusions: we have not found any significant differences in relation to metabolic control between children with sufficient and insufficient concentration of vitamin D. The children in the present study presented very similar vitamin D concentrations to those found in a study made in healthy children, and a good metabolic control of their diabetes, with bone and lipid profiles being more favorable when they had good metabolic control.

Introducción: Introducción: debido a que la vitamina D juega un papel primordial en la regulación de la secreción de insulina y su déficit parece conferir un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus, se ha pretendido analizar la prevalencia del déficit de vitamina D en nuestra población de niños diabéticos de tipo 1 y si se relaciona con un peor control de la enfermedad, así como con el metabolismo lipídico y óseo. Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio retrospectivo en el cual se disponía de los datos clínicos y analíticos de 124 niños diabéticos de tipo 1, controlados en la Unidad de Diabetes Pediátrica de nuestro hospital. Resultados: la concentración mediana de vitamina D del total de la muestra fue de 25,41 (7,43) ng/mL, siendo más elevada en el sexo masculino que en el femenino (p = 0,006). Un 43,55 % de los niños presentaron buen control metabólico, con hemoglobina glicosilada inferior al 7,5 %, siendo la concentración de glucosa y la de colesterol ligeramente más bajas, y la de fosfatasa alcalina ósea más elevada cuando la concentración de vitamina D era ≥ 20 ng/ml. Conclusiones: no hemos encontrado diferencias significativas en el control metabólico de los niños con concentración suficiente o insuficiente de vitamina D. Los niños del estudio tenían concentraciones de vitamina D muy parecidas a las de un estudio similar en niños sanos, así como un buen control metabólico de su diabetes, siendo su perfil óseo y lipídico más favorable cuando presentaban buen control metabólico.

[Experience in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in a paediatric allergy clinic]. / Nuestra experiencia en enterocolitis inducida por proteínas de la dieta en la consulta de alergología pediátrica.

INTRODUCTION: Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) is a gastrointestinal syndrome due to a non-IgE mediated food hypersensitivity.. The most common triggers are cow's milk and soy. Fish is one of the most frequently reported causes in Spain. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with (FPIES) in a Paediatric Allergy Clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out by reviewing medical records of patients diagnosed with FPIES in the Paediatric Allergy Unit of the Miguel Servet Children's Hospital from the years 2007 to 2017. RESULTS: A total of 135 patients were diagnosed during the study period, of whom 45% were male and 55% were female. The mean age at diagnosis was 11±1.5 months and the mean age of improvement was 2 years and 6 months±2.5 years (n=83). A personal history of atopy was observed in 31.9%. The main trigger foods were: white fish (41.4%), cow's milk (25.1%), and egg (15.5%). A conversion to IgE-mediated allergy was seen in 4.4% of patients. There was vomiting in 81.5% of the cases, with a mean of 1.75±1.1hours of latency, as well as diarrhoea in 41.5%, with a mean of 7.86±15.16hours of latency, and decline in 30.4% with a mean latency of 3.81±11.57hours. DISCUSSION: In our series, the most frequent trigger of the FPIES was fish. It was manifested mainly by late vomiting and a tolerance was reached mostly at 2 years 6 months.