The rates of co-occurring behavioural addictions in treatment-seeking individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary report.

Objectives: To assess the rates of co-occurring putative 'behavioural addictions' in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods: Twenty-three international centres specialising in the treatment of OCD were invited to participate in a survey of the rates of behavioural addictions and other relevant comorbidity within their samples.Results: Sixteen of 23 (69.6%) invited centres from 13 countries had sufficient data to participate in the survey. The use of validated diagnostic tools was discrepant, with most centres relying on a 'clinical diagnosis' to diagnose behavioural addictions. The final sample comprised of 6916 patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD. The reported rates of behavioural addictions were as follows: 8.7% for problematic internet use, 6.8% for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder, 6.4% for compulsive buying, 4.1% for gambling disorder and 3.4% for internet gaming disorder.Conclusions: Behavioural addictions should be better assessed for patients with OCD. The absence of diagnostic scales developed specifically for behavioural addictions and overlapping obsessive-compulsive phenomena such as compulsive checking of information on the internet may explain the relatively high rate of problematic internet use in this sample. The study encourages better efforts to assess and to conceptualise the relatedness of behavioural addictions to obsessive-compulsive 'spectrum' disorders.

Standards of care for obsessive-compulsive disorder centres.

In recent years, many assessment and care units for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been set up in order to detect, diagnose and to properly manage this complex disorder, but there is no consensus regarding the key functions that these units should perform. The International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) together with the Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders Network (OCRN) of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) and the Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Section of the World Psychiaric Association (WPA) has developed a standards of care programme for OCD centres. The goals of this collaborative initiative are promoting basic standards, improving the quality of clinical care and enhance the validity and reliability of research results provided by different facilities and countries.

Neurilemoma del muslo de tipo Antoni A / Thigh neurilemoma of Antoni A type

El neurilemoma o schwannoma es un tumor poco frecuente y con origen en las células de Schwann de los nervios periféricos. Generalmente presenta un comportamiento benigno y su malignidad es baja. Se presenta el caso de un paciente que acudió a consulta por aumento de volumen en el tercio proximal del muslo izquierdo. Recibió tratamiento en su área de salud con medicamentos y fisioterapia. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica donde se halló una masa fibrosa, dura con pequeño quiste en su interior. Se envió una muestra para estudio anatomopatológico y se diagnosticó un neurilemoma de tipo Antony A. Se presenta este caso infrecuente y se ofrece una breve revisión de la literatura médica sobre la etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y orientación terapéutica en este raro tumor

Neurilemoma of Schwannoma is a uncommon tumor originating from Shwann cells of peripheral nerves. Generally, has a benign behavior and its malignancy is low. This patient came to consultation due to a increase of the proximal third of left thigh. Patient was treated in his health area with drugs and physiotherapy. Was operated on and we founded a fibrous and hard mass with a interior small cyst. Sample was sended of anatomical and pathologic study diagnosing a type Antony A neurilemoma. This is a uncommon case offering a brief review of medical literature on pathogeny, diagnosis and therapeutical guiding of this infrequent tumor

Le neurinome ou schwannome est une tumeur rare, dont l'origine est aux cellules de Schwann des nerfs périphériques. Elle a en général un comportement bénin, et son taux de malignité est bas. Le cas d'un patient assistant en consultation à cause d'une augmentation du volumen du tiers proximal de la cuisse gauche, est présenté. Il a été traité par médicaments et kinésithérapie. Il a subi une chirurgie, où une masse fibreuse et dure, avec une petite tumeur dans son intérieur, est trouvée. Un prélèvement a été pris pour un examen anatomopathologique, et un neurinome type Anthony A a été diagnostiqué. Ce cas peu fréquent est présenté, et une revue de presse sur la pathogénie, le diagnostic et l'orientation thérapeutique de cette tumeur, est offerte

Condrometaplasia tenosinovial extraarticular / Extra-articular tenosynovitis chondrometaplasia / Chondrométaplasie ténosynoviale extraarticulaire

La condromatosis tenosinovial es una metaplasia idiopática benigna de la membrana sinovial. Se caracteriza por la formación de nódulos cartilaginosos en la membrana sinovial y en la cavidad articular. La localización extraarticular es un hallazgo poco frecuente. Los síntomas predominantes son dolor, inflamación y limitación de los movimientos. Los métodos diagnósticos más efectivos comprenden la radiología, la tomografía computarizada, la resonancia magnética y la ecografía. Se presenta un nuevo caso de condromatosis tenosinovial extraarticular, se incluyen imágenes diagnósticas, se exponen el tratamiento realizado y los resultados histológicos. Además se ofrece una revisión de la literatura médica sobre el tema.

Tenosynovitis chondromatosis is a benign idiopathic metaplasia os sinovial membrane. It is characterized by formation of cartilaginous nodules in synovial membrane and in the articular cavity. Extra-articular location is an infrequent finding. Predominant symptoms are: pain, inflammation and movements limitation. The more effective diagnostic methods include radiology, computed tomography, magnetic resonance and echography. This is a new case of extra-articular tensosynovial chondromatosis where diagnostic images are included, as well as the treatment applied and histological results. Also, a review of medical literature on this subject is offered.

La chondromatose ténosynoviale est une métaplasie idiopatique benigne de la membrane synoviale. Elle est caractérisée par la formation de nodules cartilagineux dans la membrane synoviale et dans la cavité articulaire. Sa localisation extraarticulaire est une anomalie très rare. Les symptômes prédominants sont la douleur, l'inflammation et la limitation des mouvements. Les méthodes diagnostiques les plus effectives comprennent la radiologie, la tomographie informatisée, la résonance magnétique et l'échographie. Un nouveau cas de chondromatose ténosynoviale extraarticulaire, dont les images diagnostiques sont inclues, est présenté; le traitement réalisé et les résultats histologiques sont exposés. Une revision de la littérature médicale est également présentée.

Antibodies against cerebral M1 cholinergic muscarinic receptor from schizophrenic patients: molecular interaction.

We demonstrated the presence of circulating Abs from schizophrenic patients able to interact with cerebral frontal cortex-activating muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR). Sera and purified IgG from 21 paranoid schizophrenic and 25 age-matched normal subjects were studied by indirect immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, dot blot, ELISA, and radioligand competition assays. Rat cerebral frontal cortex membranes and/or a synthetic peptide, with an amino acid sequence identical with that of human M(1) mAChR, were used as Ags. By indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry procedures, we proved that serum-purified IgG fraction from schizophrenic patients reacted to neural cell surfaces from rat cerebral frontal cortex. The same Abs were able to inhibit the binding of the specific M(1) mAChR radioligand [(3)H]pirenzepine. Immunoblotting experiments showed that IgG from schizophrenic patients revealed a band with a molecular mass coincident to that labeled by an anti-M(1) mAChR Ab. Using synthetic peptide for dot blot and ELISA, we demonstrated that these Abs reacted against the second extracellular loop of human cerebral M(1) mAChR. Also, the corresponding affinity-purified antipeptide Ab displayed an agonistic-like activity associated to specific receptor activation, increasing cyclic GMP production and inositol phosphate accumulation, and protein kinase C translocation. This paper gave support to the participation of an autoimmune process in schizophrenia.