Obsessive-compulsive disorder among individuals of Hispanic and Latin American ancestry: Cultural considerations for assessment and psychotherapy.

Research specific to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among individuals of Hispanic and Latin American (H/L) ancestry is limited, as are culturally relevant assessment and treatment recommendations. This article discusses the implications of underrepresentation of H/L populations in OCD research and emphasizes the need to consider issues related to assessment, treatment, and structural barriers that hinder delivery of culturally appropriate first-line psychotherapy. Recommendations for assessment and treatment are provided to aid clinicians in distinguishing culturally normative thoughts and behaviors from OCD, as well as to inform the implementation of psychotherapeutic interventions with cultural humility. This manuscript offers recommendations for future research to tackle health equity concerns with respect to assessment and treatment and structural factors limiting access to culturally appropriate psychotherapy. Wide-scale efforts are needed to comprehensively understand how H/L cultures intersect with various OCD presentations and to further disseminate treatments to populations that have historically lacked access to mental health care.

Evaluation of rhizomania infection on sugar beet quality in multi-year field assessment.

Rhizomania is one of the most destructive and damaging sugar beet diseases that has spread in different regions of Iran. In order to evaluate the genotypic, environmental, and genotype by environmental variability of sugar beet genotypes under rhizomania infection, variance components were estimated from the trial series in 7 years. Required data, such as yield and quality parameters, were collected from value for cultivation and use trials. Results of analysis of variance showed that the environment was the source that explained most of the variability, except for amino-N and alkalinity. Quality traits were also influenced by the environment × cultivar interaction, so that 4.8% (white sugar content) to 46.1% (alkalinity) variance was observed. In contrast, genetic variation was much lower, between 1.2% (potassium) and 27.4% (amino-N). A strong and negative correlation was found between root yield, sugar yield, and white sugar content with the disease index, which obviously illustrates the negative impact of the rhizomania on root weight and as a consequence on the dependent traits. The cluster analysis of the cultivars based on the quantitative and qualitative traits and the disease index showed that the range of variation in traits, such as the disease index, varied from 6.25 for the susceptible cultivar to 1.25 for the resistant one. This indicates the existence of sufficient genetic diversity among cultivars in terms of this trait. High impurity accumulation was observed in Shiraz region compared with Mashhad. In conclusion, it is observed that rhizomania has a significant effect on the impurity concentration in the root, especially sodium, potassium, and amino-N. This is very important in the sugar industry because sugar extraction depends on the concentration of these impurities, in addition to the sugar content of each cultivar.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B (MEN2B) delayed diagnosis: importance of opportune recognition of MEN2 Syndromes in pediatric thyroid cancer

ABSTRACT Background: RET proto-oncogene mutations are responsible for familial thyroid medullary carcinoma and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and 2B. These syndromes develop specific biomarkers and, in the case of MEN2B, clinically observable stigmas. However, the diagnosis of patients with MEN2B is usually delayed. Because of the close genotype-phenotype correlation, molecular testing is the final approach for the diagnosis to establish preventive care and therapeutic behaviors. Discussion: pM918T is classified as ''highest risk'' for medullary carcinoma with a 50% of lifetime risk for developing pheochromocytoma. Most cases of MEN2B are due to a de novo mutation. Even with the increased risk of developing pheochromocytoma, our 24-year-old patient does not yet present one. Other factors may be involved in the modulation of the phenotype in different populations. Case report: We present the case of a woman diagnosed with a thyroid nodule at the age of nine. She underwent a total thyroidectomy plus radical cervical lymph node dissection, with a diagnosis and initial management of papillary thyroid carcinoma. During the evolution of the disease, she developed pulmonary metastases. At the age of 24, after her first endocrinological evaluation, typical physical manifestations of MEN2B were observed. A re-evaluation of the original thyroidectomy revealed a medullary carcinoma, with positive manifestation CEA and calcitonin. The analysis of RET proto-oncogene identified a de novo mutation in exon 16 (pM918T). Conclusion: The timely diagnosis of MEN2B offers opportunities to make appropriate preventive and therapeutic decisions that may change the natural evolution of the disease and its complications.

Description of the female of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) deorsa (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) / Descripción de la hembra de Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) deorsa (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)

Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) deorsa (Pérez, Ogusuku, Monje & Young, 1991) was described on the basis of a single male; the female is being described here from specimens collected in Ollantaytambo, Cusco, Peru. Diagnoses for the Pintomyia genus, Pifanomyia subgenus, Verrucarum series and both sexes of Pi. deorsa are presented, as well as an identification key to distinguish the females of the Verrucarum series.

Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) deorsa (Pérez, Ogusuku, Monje & Young, 1991) fue descrita en base a un solo espécimen macho; la hembra es descrita aquí a partir de especímenes colectados en Ollantaytambo, Cusco, Perú. El diagnóstico para en género Pintomyia, el subgénero Pifanomyia, la série Verrucarum y ambos sexos de Pi. deorsa son presentados, así como claves para la identificación y separación de las hembras de la serie Verrucarum.

A Chemogenomic Screen Reveals Novel Snf1p/AMPK Independent Regulators of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc1p) is a key enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis and is essential for cell viability. To discover new regulators of its activity, we screened a Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion library for increased sensitivity to soraphen A, a potent Acc1p inhibitor. The hits identified in the screen (118 hits) were filtered using a chemical-phenotype map to exclude those associated with pleiotropic drug resistance. This enabled the identification of 82 ORFs that are genetic interactors of Acc1p. The main functional clusters represented by these hits were "transcriptional regulation", "protein post-translational modifications" and "lipid metabolism". Further investigation of the "transcriptional regulation" cluster revealed that soraphen A sensitivity is poorly correlated with ACC1 transcript levels. We also studied the three top unknown ORFs that affected soraphen A sensitivity: SOR1 (YDL129W), SOR2 (YIL092W) and SOR3 (YJR039W). Since the C18/C16 ratio of lipid acyl lengths reflects Acc1p activity levels, we evaluated this ratio in the three mutants. Deletion of SOR2 and SOR3 led to reduced acyl lengths, suggesting that Acc1p is indeed down-regulated in these strains. Also, these mutants showed no differences in Snf1p/AMPK activation status and deletion of SNF1 in these backgrounds did not revert soraphen A sensitivity completely. Furthermore, plasmid maintenance was reduced in sor2Δ strain and this trait was shared with 18 other soraphen A sensitive hits. In summary, our screen uncovered novel Acc1p Snf1p/AMPK-independent regulators.

Leishmania OligoC-TesT as a simple, rapid, and standardized tool for molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru.

Molecular methods such as PCR have become attractive tools for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), both for their high sensitivity and for their specificity. However, their practical use in routine diagnosis is limited due to the infrastructural requirements and the lack of any standardization. Recently, a simplified and standardized PCR format for molecular detection of Leishmania was developed. The Leishmania OligoC-TesT is based on simple and rapid detection using a dipstick with PCR-amplified Leishmania DNA. In this study, we estimated the diagnostic accuracy of the Leishmania OligoC-TesT for 61 specimens from 44 CL-suspected patients presenting at the leishmaniasis clinic of the Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Peru. On the basis of parasitological detection and the leishmanin skin test (LST), patients were classified as (i) confirmed CL cases, (ii) LST-positive cases, and (iii) LST-negative cases. The sensitivities of the Leishmania OligoC-TesT was 74% (95% confidence interval (CI), 60.5% to 84.1%) for lesion aspirates and 92% (95% CI, 81.2% to 96.9%) for scrapings. A significantly higher sensitivity was observed with a conventional PCR targeting the kinetoplast DNA on the aspirates (94%) (P = 0.001), while there was no significant difference in sensitivity for the lesion scrapings (88%) (P = 0.317). In addition, the Leishmania OligoC-TesT was evaluated for 13 CL-suspected patients in two different peripheral health centers in the central jungle of Peru. Our findings clearly indicate the high accuracy of the Leishmania OligoC-TesT for lesion scrapings for simple and rapid molecular diagnosis of CL in Peru.

La docencia en medicina: foro por los ochenta años de la cátedra de medicina tropical / Teaching in medicine: forum for eighty years the chair of tropical medicine

El primero de febrero de 2006 se inició en la Facultad de Medicina, la Conmemoración del Octogésimo Aniversario de la Cátedra de Medicina Tropical y su acto central fue el foro: LA DOCENCIA EN MEDICINA a fin de evaluar y actualizar las estrategias en la enseñanza/aprendizaje de los estudiantes que cursan pregrado médico en la Universidad Central. El artículo tiene como propósito narrar, describir, y evaluar la experiencia ¿Cómo efectuar un foro organizado con estudiantes de la carrera de medicina? Primeramente se describe la metodología empleada y luego la información obtenida: La mayoría de los asistentes se enteraron de esta actividad por invitaciones de profesores, estudiantes y un afiche publicitario; la interacción estudiante/paciente/profesor (medicina centrada en el paciente, fue la estrategia docente preferida); la evaluación mediante selección escrita y la continua, los métodos evaluativos más adecuados y el posgrado médico de la Universidad Central, el tema más solicitado para un próximo foro. La vigencia del binomio indivisible estudiante/profesor es lo determinante en la actualización docente en medicina

On february 1st 2006 the commemoration of the eightieth anniversary of the Department of Tropical Medicine started in the of faculty of medicine, and its central act was the forum: Teaching in Medicine, with the purpose of evaluating and updating in the strategies teaching/learning process of the students who attend to pregraduate medicine school in the Central University of Venezuela. This article aims to the narration, description and evaluation of the experience: How to do an organized forum with students from the medicine career? In the first place, we describe the used methodology and then the obtained information: the majority of the assistants became aware of the activity troungh professors and students invitations, and a publicity poster. Students/professor interaction, patient focused medicine, preferred docent strategy, continuous or written evaluation, most appropriate evaluation methods, and Medical Postgraduate studies in the Central University, the most requested subject for a future forum. The current status of the student/professor indivisible binomial is the determinant factor in the teaching update in medicine

Cloning and characterization of the Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Hsp70 gene. Diagnostic use of the C-terminal fragment rLb70(513-663).

Cross-reactions between Leishmania braziliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi caused by common antigenic determinants hinder the specific diagnosis of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (CL and MCL). Therefore, the usefulness of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) from L. braziliensis for differential serodiagnosis was investigated. The single-copy gene encoding Hsp70, consisting of 663 amino acids, was isolated from a genomic DNA library. The antigenicity data show that Hsp70 is an immunodominant antigen highly recognized (84%) by sera of patients with CL and MCL and to a lesser extent by chagasic patients (18.75%). Antigenic mapping of the 5 overlapping fragments into which the protein was split showed that the main antigenic determinants are located in the carboxy-terminal end. The linear antigenic determinants that show cross-reactions with chagasic sera are located in the fragment rLb70(352-518). The carboxy-terminal fragment rLb70(513-663) presents 70% sensitivity and 100% specificity, so it could be a potential candidate for specific serodiagnosis of CL and MCL caused by L. braziliensis.

Contenido de cromo en alimentos y estimación de su ingestión dietaria en el noroeste de México / Chromium content in foods and dietary intake estimation in the Northwest of Mexico

El cromo es un nutriente indispensable en el metabolismo de carbohidratos y lípidos. En este estudio se determinó el contenido de cromo de los veinte principales alimentos de la dieta en el noroeste de México y se estimó la ingestión promedio diaria basándose en la canasta de consumo de alimentos de esta población. Se analizó el contenido de cromo mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica por técnica de horno de grafito, utilizando para la digestión de los alimentos el método de horno de microondas. La ingestión promedio de cromo se estimó considerando el consumo promedio diario por persona y el contenido de cromo de los alimentos analizados en este estudio. El contenido de cromo en los veinte principales alimentos se encontró en el rango de 0.0004 a 0.1641 µg/g en base seca. El queso fresco fue el alimento que presentó mayor contenido, seguido de sopa de pasta, tortilla de trigo, pan y carne. Los principales alimentos aportadores de cromo en la dieta fueron: la tortilla de harina de trigo (20 por ciento) seguido de queso fresco (11 por ciento), tortilla de maíz (11 por ciento), la sopa de pasta (10 por ciento), leche (10 por ciento) carne (9 por ciento) y pan blanco (8 por ciento). La ingestión de cromo diaria fue de 30,43 ñ 1,6 µg/d los valores de cromo obtenidos para alimentos analizados son considerados bajos. Así mismo la ingestión de cromo proveniente de la dieta no alcanza a cubrir l cantidad considerada como segura y adecuada, por lo que se puede decir que la población de esta región del noroeste de México podría tener un subconsumo de este nutrimiento

Efecto de la suplementación con una dosis masiva de vitamina A en niños de 6 a 36 meses de edad / Effect of massive vitamin A supplement in children from 6 to 36 months of age

Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de la suplementación con una dosis masiva de vitamina A en el estado nutricio de dicha vitamina y del hierro, en niños de zonas urbanas marginadas de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron 60 niños (6-36 meses), a los que se les administró una dosis de 100 00 UI (6-12 meses) y 200 000 UI (12-36 meses) de vitamina A en el Día Nacional de Salud de la Secretaría de Salud (junio de 1994). Se midieron niveles séricos de retinol, carotenioide, hierro, transferrina y ferritina, en tres fases: basal, a las dos semanas y después de tres meses. Resultados. En la primera fase, la mediana de retinol fue 0.7 µmol/l; en la segunda aumentó a 0.97 µmol/l (p< 0.001), y en la tercera disminuyó a 0.83 µmol/l (p> 0.05). Un 6.3 por ciento de los niños presentó deficiencia severa de vitamina A al inicio, y no se encontró ningún caso en las fases posteriores a la suplementación. En la fase basal, 42 por ciento de los casos presentaron deficiencia moderada y la mayoría fue normal en las siguientes fases. No hubo diferencias en los niveles de hierro y transferrina (p> 0.05), pero sí en ferritina (p< 0.001), lo que indica un mejoramiento en las reservas de hierro a los tres meses. Conclusiones. Las campañas de distribución de dosis masivas pueden tener un impacto importante en el estado nutricio de vitamina A y hierro

Consumo de fibra dietética, sodio, potasio y calcio y su relación con la presión arterial en hombres adultos normotensos / Dietary fiber, energy, spdium, potassium and calcium intake and its relationship to blood pressure in normotensive male adults

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del consumo de fibra dietética, energía, sodio, potasio y calcio sobre la presión arterial de un grupo de adultos normotensos, tomando en cuenta indicadores tales como la edad, el sexo la actividad física y la obesidad. Material y métodos. Se evaluaron 38 sujetos del sexo masculino de 30 a 45 de edad, normotensos, aparentemente sanos y residentes de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Se midió la presión arterial y se arealizó una evaluación dietética, antropométrica y de actividad física. Resultados. La dieta resultó ser alta en fibra y en grasa. El sodio estaba 56 por ciento por arriba de la recomendación en 87 por ciento de los casos y fue la variable que más efecto mostró sobre la presión diastólica. De los sujetos estudiados, 36.9 por ciento tenían sobrepeso y obesidad, y se encontró una asociación significativa entre el índice de masa corporal y la presión diastólica y sistólica. Conclusiones. Existe una asociación significativa entre la hipertensión arterial y el alto consumo de sodio, el sobrepeso y la obesidad en sujetos normotensos