Common venous renal trunk in two dogs: Multidetector computed tomographic imaging findings.

In dogs, variation in the branching pattern of renal veins is rare with only few patterns reported. This report describes two unusual anomalies of the renal vein branching patterns in two dogs. In dog 1, a common renal trunk drained both kidneys, in a T-shape pattern, in the caudal vena cava after a long right perirenal course. In dog 2, a common venous trunk branched cranially from the pre-renal segment of an azygos-caudal vena cava venous trunk and divided into the renal veins in a Y-shape pattern. Proper knowledge of the possible anatomical variations in renal venous drainage may be helpful during imaging assessment and surgical planning of several canine diseases involving the abdominal vasculature and retroperitoneal space.

Deficiencia de anticuerpos específicos: inmunodeficiencia primaria asociada a alergia respiratoria / Specific antibody deficiency: primary immunodeficiency associated to respiratory allergy

La deficiencia de anticuerpos específicos con inmunoglobulinas séricas y linfocitos B normales (SAD) es una inmunodeficiencia primaria caracterizada por una capacidad alterada de responder a antígenos específicos, especialmente polisacáridos. OBJETIVO: Describir las características clínicas de pacientes con SAD y destacar la asociación entre una inmunodeficiencia primaria y enfermedades alérgicas. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo en enfermos con SAD atendidos en un hospital público entre agosto de 2007 y julio de 2015. Se descartó otra inmunodeficiencia primaria o secundaria. El diagnóstico se basó en infecciones recurrentes y una respuesta anormal a la vacuna neumocócica polisacárida con medición de IgG específica para 10 serotipos de neumococo. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 12 pacientes, 4 varones, con una edad promedio de 6 años; predominaron las neumonías recurrentes (91,7%) y otras infecciones respiratorias e invasivas. Los 12 enfermos con SAD tenían asma asociada; 11, rinitis alérgica y otras alergias. Tres pacientes no respondieron a ninguno de los 10 serotipos contenidos en la vacuna neumocócica polisacárida y la mayoría de los que lo hicieron fue a títulos bajos. El tratamiento con vacuna neumocócica conjugada fue favorable en 11/12 enfermos. CONCLUSIÓN: En niños mayores de 2 años con infecciones respiratorias recurrentes o infecciones invasivas por S. pneumoniae con inmunoglobulinas normales recomendamos investigar SAD, más aún si tienen enfermedad alérgica asociada.

Specific antibody deficiency (SAD) with normal immunoglobulin and normal B cells is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by reduced ability to produce antibodies to specific antigens especially polysaccharides. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with SAD emphasizing the association between primary immunodeficiency and allergic diseases. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive study showing patients with SAD treated at a public hospital between August 2007 and July 2015. Other secondary or primary immunodeficiency was discarded. The diagnosis of SAD was based on recurrent infections and abnormal response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine assessed by specific IgG to 10 pneumococcal serotypes. Results: Twelve patients were included, 4 males, mean age 6 years, recurrent pneumonia predominated (91.7%) as well as other respiratory and invasive infections. All patients with SAD had associated asthma, 11 had allergic rhinitis, and other allergies. Three patients did not respond to any of the 10 serotypes contained in pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and those who responded were with low titers. Treatment with conjugate pneumococcal vaccine was favorable in 11/12 patients. CONCLUSION: In children older than 2 years with recurrent respiratory infections or invasive S. pneumoniae infections with normal immunoglobulin we recommend to investigate SAD, especially if they have a concurrent allergic disease.

[Specific antibody deficiency: Primary immunodeficiency associated to respiratory allergy]. / Deficiencia de anticuerpos específicos: inmunodeficiencia primaria asociada a alergia respiratoria.

Specific antibody deficiency (SAD) with normal immunoglobulin and normal B cells is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by reduced ability to produce antibodies to specific antigens especially polysaccharides. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with SAD emphasizing the association between primary immunodeficiency and allergic diseases. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive study showing patients with SAD treated at a public hospital between August 2007 and July 2015. Other secondary or primary immunodeficiency was discarded. The diagnosis of SAD was based on recurrent infections and abnormal response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine assessed by specific IgG to 10 pneumococcal serotypes. RESULTS: Twelve patients were included, 4 males, mean age 6 years, recurrent pneumonia predominated (91.7%) as well as other respiratory and invasive infections. All patients with SAD had associated asthma, 11 had allergic rhinitis, and other allergies. Three patients did not respond to any of the 10 serotypes contained in pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and those who responded were with low titers. Treatment with conjugate pneumococcal vaccine was favorable in 11/12 patients. CONCLUSION: In children older than 2 years with recurrent respiratory infections or invasive S. pneumoniae infections with normal immunoglobulin we recommend to investigate SAD, especially if they have a concurrent allergic disease.

[Chronic granulomatous disease: three cases with different presentations]. / Enfermedad granulomatosa crónica: tres casos clínicos con diferentes formas de presentación.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare form of primary immunodeficiency disease, characterized by an abnormal susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, and it is caused by a deficit in the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex (NADPH), resulting in the inability to generate reactive oxygen species that destroy microorganisms. The diagnosis is based on clinical characteristics and analysis of phagocytes, and later confirmed by molecular studies. Its management should consider antimicrobial prophylaxis, a search for infections and aggressive management of these. OBJECTIVE: To describe three cases of CGD emphasizing their forms of presentation and to conduct a review of the condition. CASE REPORTS: Three case reports, two of them first cousins, are presented. Molecular diagnosis was reached in one of the cases. Recurrent infections, abscesses, adenitis, granulomas and complications are identified to facilitate the suspected diagnosis of CGD, bearing in mind the importance of early diagnosis and genetic counseling. CONCLUSIONS: EGC is a rare congenital primary immunodeficiency disorder, mostly with X-linked inheritance, autosomal recessive form, and a specific presentation form. Its diagnosis should be timely to avoid complications. Prophylaxis and aggressive treatment of infections should be performed, as well as genetic counseling.