Effect of Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Intraoperative Spikes, High-Frequency Oscillations, and Phase-Amplitude Coupling in MRI-Normal Hippocampus.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on spikes, high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), and phase-amplitude coupling using a modulation index in MRI-normal hippocampus, with the aim of evaluating the utility of intraoperative electrocorticography in identifying the epileptogenic hippocampus during sevoflurane administration. METHODS: Eleven patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy with a normal hippocampus on MRI underwent extra-operative electrocorticography evaluation. Patients were assigned to the Ictal (+) or Ictal (-) group depending on whether the parahippocampal gyrus was included in the seizure onset zone. Intraoperative electrocorticography was performed under 0.5 and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane. The rates of spikes, ripples, fast ripples (FRs), ripples on spikes, FRs on spikes, and MI HFO(3-4 Hz) were evaluated. RESULTS: During the intraoperative electrocorticography procedure, sevoflurane administration was found to significantly increase the rate of spikes, ripples on spikes, fast ripples on spikes, and MI HFO(3-4 Hz) in the Ictal (+) group (P < 0.01). By contrast, the Ictal (-) group exhibited a paradoxical increase in the rate of ripples and fast ripple (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the administration of sevoflurane during intraoperative electrocorticography in patients with MRI-normal hippocampus can lead to a dose-dependent enhancement of epileptic biomarkers (spikes, ripples on spikes, fast ripples on spikes, and MI (HFO 3-4)) in the epileptogenic hippocampus, while paradoxically increasing the rate of ripples and fast ripple in the nonepileptogenic hippocampus. These results have significant implications for the identification of the MRI-normal hippocampus that requires surgical intervention and preservation of the nonepileptogenic hippocampus.

Evaluation of biomarkers for doxorubicin­induced cardiac injury in rats.

Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is a leading cause of failure in drug development and predicting its occurrence in non-clinical studies is the primary preventive measure. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in biomarkers during acute and chronic myocardial injury induced by doxorubicin (DOX) in rats. A rat model of acute myocardial injury was established through a single-dose, intraperitoneal injection of DOX (40 mg/kg), the changes in biomarkers were measured at 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after administration, following DOX administration, creatine kinase (CK) and fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) levels increased between 8 and 24 h, whereas cardiac troponin I (cTnI) peaked at 8 h. To establish a chronic myocardial injury model, rats received 1, 2 or 3 mg/kg DOX weekly by caudal vein injection for 2, 4, 6 or 7 weeks, the changes in biomarkers were detected at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, the results showed that cTnI increased significantly after 2 and 8 weeks of administration. A significant increase in FABP3 and microRNA (miR)-146b levels was observed after 8 weeks of administration. Receiver operating characteristic curve and correlation analysis showed that cTnI and miR-146b had relatively high predictive values for chronic myocardial injury (area under the curve, 0.83 and 0.71, respectively) and were closely correlated with myocardial damage. These data suggested that CK, cTnI and FABP3 were relatively sensitive to DOX-induced acute myocardial injury, whereas cTnI and miR-146b were relatively sensitive to DOX-induced chronic myocardial injury.

Rational Construction of a N, F Co-doped Mesoporous Cobalt Phosphate with Rich-Oxygen Vacancies for Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Supercapacitors.

Transition-metal phosphates have been widely applied as promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. In this study, we report a simple method to prepare a N, F co-doped mesoporous cobalt phosphate with rich-oxygen vacancies by in-situ pyrolysis of a Co-phosphate precursor with NH4 + cations and F- anions. Due to this heteroatom doping, it could achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at lower overpotential of 276 mV and smaller Tafel slope of 57.11 mV dec-1 on glassy carbon. Moreover, it could keep 92 % of initial current density for 35 h, indicating it has an excellent stability and durability. Furthermore, the optimal material applied in supercapacitor displays specific capacitance of 206.3 F g-1 at 1 A ⋅ g-1 and maintains cycling stability with 80 % after 3000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical properties should be attributed to N, F co-doping into this Co-based phosphate, which effectively modulates its electronic structure. In addition, its amorphous structure provides more active sites; moreover, its mesoporous structure should be beneficial to mass transfer and electrolyte diffusion.

Rational Design of a N,S Co-Doped Supermicroporous CoFe-Organic Framework Platform for Water Oxidation.

It remains a challenge to rational design of a new metal-organic framework (MOF) as highly efficient direct electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we developed a simple and effective method to explore a new pillared-layered MOF with syringic acid as a promising OER electrocatalyst. The isostructural mono-, heterobimetallic MOF and N,S co-doped MOF by mixing thiourea were quickly synthesized in a high yield under solvothermal condition. Moreover, the optimized N,S co-doped MOF exhibits the lowest overpotential of 254 mV at 10 mA cm-2 on a glass carbon electrode and a small Tafel slope of 50 mV dec-1 , especially, this catalyst also possesses long-term electrochemical durability for at least 16 h. According to the characterization, the incorporation of N and S atoms into this heterobimetallic CoFe-based MOF could modify its pore structure, tune the electronic structure, accordingly, improve the mass and electron transportation, and facilitate the formation of active species, as a consequence, the improved activity of this new N,S co-doped MOF for OER should be mainly be ascribed to higher electrochemical activation toward the active species via in situ surface modification during the OER process.

Endothelin B receptor promotes the proliferation and immune escape of malignant gliomas.

PURPOSE: As a kind of difficult to cure tumour, malignant gliomas have attracted widespread attention. The proliferation and immune escape of tumour cells were closely related to the development of malignant gliomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endothelin B receptor (NTBR) in gliomas. METHODS: RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of NTBR mRNA in glioma tissue and glioma cell lines. The expression of NTBR in glioma tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. MTT assay was used to detect the viability of U87 cells after adding NTBR. Cell cloning assay was used to detect the cell proliferation ability. Western blot was used to detect the expression of TGF-ß and the expression of Treg after adding NTBR to U87. RESULT: The expression of NTBR in glioma tissues and cells was significantly higher than that in the control group by RT-PCR. After adding NTBR, cell proliferation of U87 was significantly enhanced and TGF-ß and Treg were significantly expressed. It was suggested that NTBR could contribute to tumour immune escape in glioma, and it was found that there was a positive correlation between NTBR expression and different stages in malignant gliomas. CONCLUSION: Endothelin B receptor can increase the proliferation of glioma cells and tumour immune escape. The expression of endothelin B is closely related to the clinical stage of glioma.

Alkaloids from Lycoris caldwellii and their particular cytotoxicities against the astrocytoma and glioma cell lines.

Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the bulbs of Lycoris caldwellii afforded four new alkaloids, (+)-N-methoxylcarbonyl-nandigerine (1), (+)-N-methoxycarbonyl-lindcarpine (2), (+)-10-O-methylhernovine N-oxide (3), and (+)-3-hydroxy-anhydrolycorine N-oxide (4). Structural elucidation of all the compounds were performed by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, in addition to high resolution mass spectrometry. All the alkaloids were in vitro evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against eight tumor cell lines (BEN-MEN-1, CCF-STTG1, CHG-5, SHG-44, U251, BGC-823, HepG2, and SK-OV-3). Alkaloids 1 and 2 exhibited particular cytotoxic activities against astrocytoma and glioma cell lines with IC50 of 9.2-11.3 µM and 10.4-12.2 µM respectively.