RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The most common organ affected due to tuberculosis (TB) is the lungs. Extrapulmonary TB is less common. Musculoskeletal organs are affected in around 8% of all tubercular patients, of which the spine is affected in almost half of the patients. The criteria for diagnosing spinal TB are quite difficult and we use an array of investigations for the same. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in the Neurosurgery and Microbiology Department at IMS and SUM Hospital between January 2021 and November 2023, and data were collected and tabulated in an Excel sheet. One hundred patients with spinal TB were evaluated, and their age, sex, samples sent, diagnostic investigation, duration of diagnosis from hospital admission, histopathology results, and surgical intervention (done or not) were recorded. RESULTS: The best investigation done to diagnose spinal TB was imaging and surgical/computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy. The earliest result to diagnose spinal TB was histopathology. The yield of positivity in pus culture, smear microscopy, and true nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) was found to be low even though sensitivity was on the higher side. CONCLUSION: Even though we have an array of investigations for diagnosing spinal TB, the best and the earliest diagnosing test was imaging plus CT-guided biopsy. The confirmation is made in the biopsy. Finding acid-fast bacteria (AFB) and NAAT tests are additional beneficial tests to supplement the diagnosis. Hence, we can conclude that sending for tests like AFB in pus, NAAT, and GeneXpert is a wastage of biological samples and delays in diagnosis.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose da Coluna Vertebral , Humanos , Tuberculose da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Tuberculose da Coluna Vertebral/microbiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Biópsia , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Chromobacterium violaceum, a facultative anaerobic proteobacterium, is particularly isolated from water and soil in tropical areas and has been implicated in few infections like septicemia, visceral abscesses, skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis and diarrhea. But urinary tract infection caused by it is very rare. Limited awareness about this pathogen and inappropriate antibiotic therapy contribute to a high mortality rate. Here, we describe an unusual case of urinary tract infection by Chromobacterium violaceum in a young immuno-competent male which was managed aggressively with proper antibiotics as per the culture sensitivity report.