RESUMO
This paper presents an overview of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Paraguay, as part of a multicentric study, seeking to identify the possibilities of PHC as a factor for reorganizing the health system. The methodology adopts the comprehensive PHC concept, and takes into consideration the system's segmentation, formed by the public sector of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Social Security, a not-for-profit private sector, a private for-profit sector and a mixed sector. The study analyzes 5 dimensions: stewardship, financing, resources, integration/continuity, intersectorality/participation, through reviewing data from the literature and official documents, and key informant interviews (experts, decision-makers, professionals and civil society). Advances in health policy legislation since the 1990, with gratuity for all age groups, have been observed. Public spending on health is among the lowest in Latin America. PHC is provided through different vertical programs, with poor coordination and articulation, though a recent political shift prioritizes the progressive implementation of Family Health teams. In conclusion, PHC can contribute to improve health, equity and participation.
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Paraguai , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economiaRESUMO
En este artículo se presentan una visión panorámica de la Atención Primaria en Salud (APS) en Paraguay, parte de un estudio multicéntrico para identificar las posibilidades de la APS como reordenador del sistema. Adopta el concepto de APS abarcadora y lleva en consideración la segmentación del sistema, conformado por: el sector público del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, el Seguro Social (Instituto de Previsión Social), el sector privado sin fines de lucro, privado con fines de lucro y mixto. Analiza cinco dimensiones: rectoría, financiamiento, recursos, integración/continuidad, intersectorialidad/participación, por medio de la revisión de literatura, documentos oficiales, y entrevistas con actores claves (expertos, gestores, profesionales y sociedad civil). Visualiza avances en el marco jurídico sanitario desde los años 1990, orientado a la gratuidad en todos los grupos de edad, concretizada en 2008. El gasto público en salud está entre los más bajos de América Latina. La APS se desarrolla en diferentes programas verticales, con escasa coordinación y articulación, pero un cambio reciente en la política prioriza la instalación progresiva de equipos de Salud Familiar. En conclusión, la APS puede contribuir para aumentar la salud, equidad y participación.
This paper presents an overview of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Paraguay, as part of a multicentric study, seeking to identify the possibilities of PHC as a factor for reorganizing the health system. The methodology adopts the comprehensive PHC concept, and takes into consideration the system's segmentation, formed by the public sector of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Social Security, a not-for-profit private sector, a private for-profit sector and a mixed sector. The study analyzes 5 dimensions: stewardship, financing, resources, integration/continuity, intersectorality/participation, through reviewing data from the literature and official documents, and key informant interviews (experts, decision-makers, professionals and civil society). Advances in health policy legislation since the 1990, with gratuity for all age groups, have been observed. Public spending on health is among the lowest in Latin America. PHC is provided through different vertical programs, with poor coordination and articulation, though a recent political shift prioritizes the progressive implementation of Family Health teams. In conclusion, PHC can contribute to improve health, equity and participation.