Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity and its symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is a significant concern because it is a major cause of morbidity. This study aimed to provide in-depth information on the symptoms of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity (CRCT) by exploring literature that concurrently reports the types and symptoms of CRCT in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: A scoping review was performed according to an a priori protocol using the Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines. The participants were patients with breast cancer. The concept was the literature of specifically reported symptoms directly matched with CRCT and the literature, in English, from 2010, and the context was open. The search strategy included four keywords: "breast cancer," "chemotherapy," "cardiotoxicity," and "symptoms." All types of research designs were included; however, studies involving patients with other cancer types, animal subjects, and symptoms not directly related to CRCT were excluded. Data were extracted and presented including tables and figures. RESULTS: A total of 29 articles were included in the study, consisting of 23 case reports, 4 retrospective studies, and 2 prospective studies. There were no restrictions on the participants' sex; however, all of them were women, except for one case report. The most used chemotherapy regimens were trastuzumab, capecitabine, and doxorubicin or epirubicin. The primary CRCT identified were myocardial dysfunction and heart failure, followed by coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, and other conditions. Major tests used to diagnose CRCT include echocardiography, electrocardiography, serum cardiac enzymes, coronary angiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. In all case reports, CRCT was diagnosed through an incidental checkup according to the patient's symptom presentation; however, only 10 of these studies showed a baseline checkup before chemotherapy. The five most common CRCT symptoms were dyspnea, chest pain, peripheral edema, fatigue, and palpitations, which were assessed by patient-reported symptom presentation rather than using a symptom assessment tool. Dyspnea with trastuzumab treatment and chest pain with capecitabine treatment were particularly characteristic. The time for first symptom onset after chemotherapy ranged from 1 hour to 300 days, with anthracycline-based regimens requiring 3-55 days, trastuzumab requiring 60-300 days, and capecitabine requiring 1-7 days. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review allowed data mapping according to the study design and chemotherapy regimens. Cardiac assessments for CRCT diagnosis were performed according to the patient's symptoms. There were approximately five types of typical CRCT symptoms, and the timing of symptom occurrence varied. Therefore, developing and applying a CRCT-specific and user-friendly symptom assessment tool are expected to help healthcare providers and patients manage CRCT symptoms effectively.

Effect of Fluid and Caffeine Management on Quality of Life in Older Women with Overactive Bladder in Rural Korea: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the simplified intervention, consisting of fluid and caffeine management alone in older women with overactive bladder symptoms. Patients and Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used. Rural, community-dwelling older women were recruited at four senior centers in South Korea. Of the 63 participants initially enrolled, 34 met the inclusion criteria. One group (n = 15) used fluid and caffeine management alone (FM), and the other group (n = 12) used a combination of fluid and caffeine management and pelvic floor muscle training (FM+PFMT). Urinary symptom-specific health-related quality of life was measured using the Korean version of KHQ. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. After the intervention, participants were assessed 4 and 8 weeks. A linear mixed model was used for the analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 74.44 ± 5.67 years. Among the nine domains of KHQ, impact on life and physical limitations decreased significantly in both groups, without significant between-group differences. Sleep/energy increased in both groups, and the scores in the FM+PFMT group were significantly improved. The number of micturition episodes per day and the quality of sleep did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: A simplified intervention, consisting of fluid and caffeine management alone can be considered as the first-line intervention to improve health-related quality of life in rural, community-dwelling, older women with overactive bladder symptoms. Healthcare providers should consider providing a relatively simple, but equally effective intervention to maximize the adherence and effectiveness.

Frailty of Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Scoping Review.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the existing literature on frailty experienced by patients with prostate cancer (PC) receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Database and manual searches were conducted to identify relevant studies published in English, with no limitation on the year of publication, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Four databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL-were used for database searches and reference lists, related journals, and Google Scholar were used for manual searches. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies were analyzed for this scoping review. Of these, only 2 were intervention studies, and 1 was a randomized controlled trial. Among the two intervention studies, the multidisciplinary intervention program, including psychological counseling, nutritional coaching, and supervised group physical exercise did not show significant improvement in frailty. In contrast, high-dose vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased frailty. The conceptual and operational definitions of frailty used in each study varied, and the most used one was mainly focused on physical functions. As a result of analyzing the other health-related variables associated with frailty in patients with PC receiving ADT, age, metastases, comorbidities, and incident falls were related to a high frailty level. As for the physiological index, high levels of C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, and fibrinogen, low levels of total testosterone, lymphocyte count, and creatinine were associated with a high level of frailty. A few studies explored the relationship between psychological and cognitive variables and frailty. CONCLUSIONS: Further research related to frailty in patients with PC receiving ADT should be conducted, and effective interventions to manage frailty should be developed. Additionally, research that considers not only the physical domain of frailty but also the psychological, cognitive, and social domains needs to be conducted.

Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Mobile-Based Health Coaching Program for Patients With Prostate Cancer at High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Randomized Waitlist Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a standard treatment for prostate cancer (PC), causes many physical side effects. In particular, it causes metabolic changes such as fasting glucose abnormalities or accumulation of body fat, and its continuation can lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is closely related to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is important to maintain and practice a healthy lifestyle in patients with PC. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led mobile-based program that aims to promote a healthy lifestyle in patients with PC undergoing ADT with MetS risk factors. METHODS: This was a single-blind, randomized, waitlist control interventional study. A total of 48 patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and waitlist control groups at the urology cancer clinic of a tertiary general hospital in South Korea. The inclusion criteria were patients who had undergone ADT for >6 months, had at least 1 of the 5 MetS components in the abnormal range, and could access a mobile-based education program. The experimental group attended a 4-week mobile-based program on exercise and diet that included counseling and encouragement to maintain a healthy lifestyle, whereas the control group was placed on a waitlist and received usual care during the follow-up period, followed by the intervention. The primary outcome was a change in the lifestyle score. The secondary outcomes were changes in 5 MetS components, body composition, and health-related quality of life. The outcomes were measured at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the initiation of the intervention. Each participant was assigned to each group in a sequential order of enrollment in a 4×4 permuted block design randomization table generated in the SAS (SAS Institute) statistical program. A linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 24 participants were randomly assigned to each group; however, 2 participants in the experimental group dropped out for personal reasons before starting the intervention. Finally, 46 participants were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The experimental group showed more positive changes in the healthy lifestyle score (ß=29.23; P≤.001), level of each MetS component (fasting blood sugar: ß=-12.0; P=.05 and abdominal circumference: ß=-2.49; P=.049), body composition (body weight: ß=-1.52; P<.001 and BMI: ß=-0.55; P<.001), and the urinary irritative and obstructive domain of health-related quality of life (ß=14.63; P<.001) over time than the waitlist control group. CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle changes through nurse-led education can improve level of each MetS components, body composition, and ADT side effects. Nurses can induce positive changes in patients' lifestyles and improve the self-management of patients starting ADT through this program. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Research Information Service KCT0006560; http://tinyurl.com/yhvj4vwh.

Transcription Needs Translation Initiation of the Downstream Gene to Continue Downstream at Intercistronic Junctions in E. Coli.

We have reported a gal mutant called galE stop0, wherein the galE stop codon was changed to a sense codon. The experiment results demonstrated that preventing galE translation termination inhibited the production of galE 3' ends. This implies that when the galE translation termination was prevented, the galE 3' ends generation was reduced or impaired. We anticipated that the translation of galE would continue to galT, producing a chimeric protein GalE-GalT. This study verified that the chimeric protein was produced, but unexpectedly, we found that the GalT protein was also synthesized in the mutant, and its amount equaled that in the wild-type. In the wild-type, we also found that the GalE-GalT chimeric protein was produced in an amount equal to that of the GalE protein. These results suggest that translation termination of galE and translation initiation of galT occur independently, thus, corroborating our transcription-translation model: At the cistron junction, transcription, decoupled from translation due to the translation termination of galE, needs translation initiation of galT to continue downstream; otherwise, transcription would be terminated by Rho. RNase E-mediated transcript cleavage also produces the 3' ends of pre-galE mRNA. These findings indicated that RNase E produces the 3' end of mRNA and establishes gene expression polarity.

Menstrual and psychosocial characteristics associated with high-risk of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among university students: a cross-sectional study.

Up to 92 percent of Chinese women of reproductive age have pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). The severe form of PMS (i.e. pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder [PMDD]) negatively affects women's everyday functioning and reproductive health. This study examined the relationships between menstrual, psychosocial characteristics and the risk of PMDD among young Chinese women. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Chinese university students in Hong Kong. Logistic regression was used to compute adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for the association of high-risk PMDD with menstrual and psychosocial characteristics. A total of 541 Chinese university students were recruited. Approximately 53 percent of female students were at high risk of developing PMDD. The high-risk PMDD group was significantly associated with a heavy volume of menstrual flow (aOR = 2.17, 95 percent CI 1.06-4.45), irregular menstrual cycle (1.72, 1.17-2.52), high dysmenorrhea (2.80, 1.95-4.04) and older ages of menarche (0.67, 0.45-0.98) in the menstrual characteristics. In the psychosocial characteristics, high-risk PMDD was significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety (2.19, 1.48-3.32) and depression (2.22, 1.48-3.32), high loneliness (1.94, 1.34-2.79) and low resilience (2.21, 1.52-3.23) levels. Additionally, resilience had a potential moderating effect on the associations between the high risk of PMDD and anxiety, depression and loneliness. The development and delivery of interventions that can enhance resilience and manage psychological distress would be beneficial for young Chinese women's reproductive health.

Attributes of errors, facilitators, and barriers related to rate control of IV medications: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Intravenous (IV) medication is commonly administered and closely associated with patient safety. Although nurses dedicate considerable time and effort to rate the control of IV medications, many medication errors have been linked to the wrong rate of IV medication. Further, there is a lack of comprehensive studies examining the literature on rate control of IV medications. This study aimed to identify the attributes of errors, facilitators, and barriers related to rate control of IV medications by summarizing and synthesizing the existing literature. METHODS: This scoping review was conducted using the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and PRISMA-ScR. Overall, four databases-PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CINAHL-were employed to search for studies published in English before January 2023. We also manually searched reference lists, related journals, and Google Scholar. RESULTS: A total of 1211 studies were retrieved from the database searches and 23 studies were identified from manual searches, after which 22 studies were selected for the analysis. Among the nine project or experiment studies, two interventions were effective in decreasing errors related to rate control of IV medications. One of them was prospective, continuous incident reporting followed by prevention strategies, and the other encompassed six interventions to mitigate interruptions in medication verification and administration. Facilitators and barriers related to rate control of IV medications were classified as human, design, and system-related contributing factors. The sub-categories of human factors were classified as knowledge deficit, performance deficit, and incorrect dosage or infusion rate. The sub-category of design factor was device. The system-related contributing factors were classified as frequent interruptions and distractions, training, assignment or placement of healthcare providers (HCPs) or inexperienced personnel, policies and procedures, and communication systems between HCPs. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to develop effective interventions to improve IV rate control. Considering the rapid growth of technology in medical settings, interventions and policy changes regarding education and the work environment are necessary. Additionally, each key group such as HCPs, healthcare administrators, and engineers specializing in IV medication infusion devices should perform its role and cooperate for appropriate IV rate control within a structured system.

A Caring Program for Health Promotion among Women Who Have Experienced Trauma: A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: Women are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress (PTS) than men, causing several health problems. Nurses should understand and work with women who have experienced trauma and provide interventions to promote their physical, social, and mental health. METHODS: This quasi-experimental pilot study used a one-group pre-test/post-test design. Data were collected from 14 women recruited between December 2019 and May 2020 from a self-sufficiency support center in South Korea for sexually-exploited women who had experienced trauma. The program consisted of six one-on-one intervention sessions per week for six weeks. Each session averaged 60~120 minutes. Participants were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. Changes in outcome variables over time were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests. RESULTS: The caring program for health promotion was divided into six sessions: understanding the self, sharing traumatic events and negative emotions, reframing the meaning of traumatic events, identifying thoughts and physical and emotional responses, developing health promotion activities, and maintaining a positive attitude during the process of change. As a result of the caring program, PTS (F = 36.33, p < .001), depression (F = 24.45, p < .001), health-promoting behaviors (F = 7.06, p =.004), and self-esteem (F = 19.74, p < .001) among the participants differed significantly at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study provides foundational information for the implementation of a theory-driven program by nurses in clinical and community settings to provide comprehensive care for women who have experienced trauma.

Sex differences in lower urinary tract symptoms of Korean workers: Prevalence, mental health, and associated factors.

Objectives: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in workers can aggravate mental health, lower quality of life, and decrease work productivity. We aimed to examine the prevalence of LUTS, sex-related differences in LUTS, mental health of workers with LUTS, and factors associated with LUTS in Korean workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 192 workers from D city and the Gyeongbuk province of South Korea. LUTS were measured using self-reported questionnaires, and mental health was assessed for anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. Differences in characteristics between workers with and without LUTS were analyzed using the chi-square test or independent t-test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with LUTS. Results: Urinary urgency (UU) was significantly more prevalent in men than in women; however, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) was more prevalent in women than in men. The average anxiety and perceived stress scores were significantly higher in men with UU than in men without UU. Men with hypertension or nocturia were more likely to have UU than those without hypertension or nocturia. The anxiety scores significantly increased the odds of UU in men. Advanced age significantly increased the odds of SUI in women. Blue-collar female workers were more likely to develop SUI than their white-collar counterparts. Conclusions: Our study highlighted the prevalence and burden of LUTS among workers. Occupational health providers need to regularly assess workers' bladder storage problems and provide manageable interventions for UU in men and SUI in women.

Effects of a bowel function improvement program for patients with rectal cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a bowel function improvement program for male patients with rectal cancer who underwent low anterior resection. METHODS: A prospective, unblinded, and randomized controlled trial was conducted. The enrolled 42 patients were assigned to the experimental or control group at a 1:1 ratio. The bowel function improvement program comprised a 4-week intensive program (face-to-face education and telephone coaching) and an 8-week maintenance program (text messages). Self-efficacy, bowel function, health-related quality of life, and healthcare resource utilization were measured. Collected data were analyzed using independent t-tests, chi-square tests, analysis of covariance, and generalized estimation equations to evaluate the effects of the program based on intention-to-treat. RESULTS: The bowel function improvement program was effective in improving bowel function 3 months after discharge. Additionally, the number of unplanned pharmacy visits was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, and utilization of other healthcare resources were not statistically or clinically significant. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that the bowel function improvement program for male patients with rectal cancer was effective in improving bowel function and reducing unplanned healthcare resource utilization. The bowel function improvement program can be delivered as a nurse-led program in clinical practice to promote early recovery after low anterior resection. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: KCT0003505. https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/13708.

Effectiveness of Fluid and Caffeine Modifications on Symptoms in Adults With Overactive Bladder: A Systematic Review.

Overactive bladder (OAB) is prevalent in men and women and negatively impacts physical and psychological health. Fluid and caffeine intake modifications, which are lifestyle modification interventions, are simple methods to manage OAB. However, studies that synthesized both interventions and found scientific evidence are scarce. This review aimed to synthesize scientific evidence on whether fluid and caffeine intake modifications are effective for OAB symptoms. PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, KoreaMed, and RISS (Research Information Sharing Service) were used to search for studies and 8 studies were included. The Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2.0) and ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions) were used to assess the quality of selected studies. Due to the heterogeneous outcome variables, a meta-analysis was not conducted. Among the 8 included, 7 studies were randomized controlled trials and one was a quasi-experimental study. Four studies assessed urgency. Caffeine reduction was statistically effective for urgency symptoms, but increasing fluid intake was not. Frequency was assessed in 5 studies, which showed decreasing caffeine and fluid intake was effective in treating the symptoms. Urinary incontinence episodes were assessed in 6 studies, and nocturia in 2. Restricting caffeine intake was effective in treating these 2 symptoms, but restricting both caffeine and fluid intake was not. Quality of life (QoL) was examined in 5 studies, and modifying fluid and caffeine intake significantly improved QoL in 2. Although there were limited studies, our review provides scientific evidence that fluid and caffeine intake modification effectively manages OAB symptoms. Further research should examine acceptability and sustainability of interventions in the long-term and enable meta-analysis.

Association of nutrition management status, frailty, and social contact frequency with life satisfaction in older adults: A moderated mediation model.

OBJECTIVES: As the trend of aging has become global phenomenon, identifying the pathways to life satisfaction for older adults is important for maintaining their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of nutrition management status, frailty, and life satisfaction, and the moderated mediating effect of social contact frequency to this relationship, to older adults in South Korea. METHODS: In this secondary data analysis using the dataset of the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans, the data from 6,663 of the original 10,097 participating older adults who were 65 years or older were included. The independent t-test; chi-square test; and mediating, moderating, and moderated mediating effect analyses were performed. RESULTS: The results confirm a mediating effect of frailty on the relationship between nutrition management status and life satisfaction in older adults. Social contact frequency had a moderating effect on the relationship between frailty and life satisfaction. Finally, a moderated mediating effect of social contact frequency on the mediating effect of frailty was identified. DISCUSSION: This study is the first to identify a specific path to the life satisfaction of older adults in South Korea using large-scale research. In addition, this study provided the basis for preparing basic data necessary to support older adults' life satisfaction in a global aging society. This study is expected to help prepare the necessary intervention measures to improve older adults' quality of life and life satisfaction.

Use of the Tilburg frailty indicator in longitudinal studies with older adults: A scoping review.

AIM: To understand how researchers applied the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) to older adults. The use of the TFI was examined based on the Integral Conceptual Model of Frailty (ICMF). DESIGN: A scoping review. DATA SOURCES: A database search was conducted without a time limit in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and the Cochrane library. A hand search was also conducted. REVIEW METHODS: Research questions were developed based on the population-concept-context framework suggested by the Joanna Briggs Institute (2017). Studies were included if topics were related to the use of the TFI or ICMF and designs were longitudinal studies. RESULTS: A total of 37 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were reviewed according to the tested pathways of the ICMF: determinants of frailty or adverse outcomes, adverse outcomes of frailty and comparison of predictive power between frailty measures. CONCLUSION: The TFI is a useful tool to screen for frailty and predict health outcomes in older adults. Among the pathways of the ICMF, relationships between social factors and frailty were reported in several studies. Despite this relationship, social factors were considered as items to assess the social domain of frailty rather than determinants of frailty. The predictive power of the TFI was not superior to other frailty measures, but it had a high sensitivity. IMPACT: This study demonstrates the usability of the TFI in older adults living in various conditions. Further studies are required to identify more effective ways to screen frailty using the TFI. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public involvement in this study.

The relationship between depression, self-efficacy, social support, and health-promoting behaviors in Korean single-household women.

This descriptive, cross-sectional study purposed to identify the relationship between depression, self-efficacy, social support, and health-promoting behaviors in adult single-household women in Korea. An online survey was completed by 204 adult single-household women in Korea from November to December 2019. The structured questionnaire included items measuring depression, health-related self-efficacy, social support, health-promoting behaviors, and demographic and health-related characteristics. Descriptive statistics were computed, and mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. The average age of the participants was 34.38, and the average duration of living alone was 7.13 years. The health-promoting behavior of single-household women scored 125.85 in average within the possible score range of 52-208. It was verified that social support has a moderated mediating effect that regulates the mediating effect in the pathway by which depression affects health-promoting behaviors through self-efficacy. In conclusion, self-efficacy was found to play a mediating role between depression and health-promoting behaviors, and social support had a moderated mediating effect on the path from depression to health-promoting behaviors through self-efficacy. To encourage the health-promoting behaviors of single-household women, interventions targeting both increased social support and self-efficacy are suggested.

Interactive structural color displays of nano-architectonic 1-dimensional block copolymer photonic crystals: FOCUS ISSUE REVIEW.

For changing environmental circumstances, interactive structural color (SC) observation is a promising strategy to store and express external information. SCs based on self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) photonic crystals have been a research focus due to their facile and diverse nanostructures relying on the volume ratio of blocks. Their unique nano-architectonics can reflect incident light due to constructive interference of the two different dielectric constituents. Their excellent ability to change nano-architectonics in response to external stimuli (i.e. humidity, temperature, pH, and mechanical force) allows for a programmable and stimuli-interactive BCP SC display. In this review, recent advances in programmable and stimuli-interactive SC displays with the 1-dimensional self-assembled BCP nano-architectonics are comprehensively discussed. First, this review focuses on the development of programmable BCP SCs that can store various information. Second, stimuli-interactive BCP SCs capable of responding reversibly to external stimuli are also addressed. Particularly, reversible BCP SC changes are suitable for rewritable displays and emerging human-interactive BCP SC displays that detect various human information through changes in electric signals with the simultaneous alteration of the BCP SCs. Based on previously reported literature, the current challenges in this research field are further discussed, and the perspective for future development is presented in terms of material, nano-architectonics, and process.

Experience of Nurses with Intravenous Fluid Monitoring for Patient Safety: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Purpose: Medication administration is a complex process and constitutes a substantial component of nursing practice that is closely linked to patient safety. Although intravenous fluid administration is one of the most frequently performed nursing tasks, nurses' experiences with intravenous rate control have not been adequately studied. This study aimed to explore nurses' experiences with infusion nursing practice to identify insights that could be used in interventions to promote safe medication administration. Patients and methods: This qualitative descriptive study used focus group interviews of 20 registered nurses who frequently administered medications in tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected through five semi-structured focus group interviews, with four nurses participating in each interview. We conducted inductive and deductive content analysis based on the 11 key topics of patient safety identified by the World Health Organization. Reporting followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. Results: Participants administered infusions in emergency rooms, general wards, and intensive care units, including patients ranging from children to older adults. Two central themes were revealed: human factors and systems. Human factors consisted of two sub-themes including individuals and team players, while systems encompassed three sub-themes including institutional policy, culture, and equipment. Conclusion: This study found that nurses experienced high levels of stress when administering infusions in the correct dose and rate for patient safety. Administering and monitoring infusions were complicated because nursing processes interplay with human and system factors. Future research is needed to develop nursing interventions that include human and system factors to promote patient safety by reducing infusion-related errors.

Wireless Stand-Alone Trimodal Interactive Display Enabled by Direct Capacitive Coupling.

With recent advances in interactive displays, the development of a stand-alone interactive display with no electrical interconnection is of great interest. Here, a wireless stand-alone interactive display (WiSID), enabled by direct capacitive coupling, consisting of three layers: two in-plane metal electrodes separated by a gap, a composite layer for field-induced electroluminescence (EL) and inverse piezoelectric sound, and a stimuli-responsive layer, from bottom to top, is presented. Alternating current power necessary for field-induced EL and inverse piezoelectric sound is wirelessly transferred from a power unit, with two in-plane electrodes remotely separated from the WiSID. The unique in-plane power transfer through the stimuli-sensitive polar bridge allows stand-alone operation of the WiSID, making it suitable for the wireless dynamic monitoring of medical fluids. Moreover, a haptic wireless stand-alone trimodal interactive display mounted on a human finger is demonstrated, whereby touch is wirelessly displayed in various outputs of EL, inverse piezoelectric sound, and tactile vibration, making it suitable for a wireless three-mode smart braille display.

Quality of life patterns and its association with predictors among non-muscle invasive bladder cancer survivors: A latent profile analysis.

Objective: This study identified group patterns in the quality of life (QOL), as well as examining factors associated with group membership, among non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) survivors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 278 participating NMIBC survivors. Mplus version 7.2 was used to perform the latent profile analysis of QOL using the EORTC QLQ-NMIBC-24. The participants' social support, self-efficacy, knowledge level, depression, perceived severity of and susceptibility of cancer recurrence, and their demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the subgroups, with a logistic regression analysis being adopted to examine the factors associated with the QOL subgroups. Results: The NMIBC survivors based on the QOL were classified into two subgroups: "QOL-high" (81.3%) and "QOL-low" (18.7%). Having ≥ 3 disease recurrences, perceived susceptibility toward and severity of cancer recurrence, and having depressive symptoms were significantly associated with the "QOL-low" group. Conclusions: Participants with frequent recurrences of NMIBC, higher perceived susceptibility and severity levels, and depressive symptoms had lower QOL. Therefore, it is necessary to develop intervention programs targeting participants with these characteristics to improve their QOL.

Interventions on Reducing Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Human Health Care Context: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: Inevitability of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in daily lives of modern society is increasing interests in developing and implementing interventions to prevent or reduce harmful health effects of EDCs in various academic areas. This is a scoping review of intervention studies aimed at reducing exposure to EDCs in the text of human health care. Methods: Scoping review methodology was used to explore the extent, range, and nature of current literature. A comprehensive systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PcycINFO, EMBASE, and RISS was performed for studies published to date. The authors followed Arksey and O'Malley's stages; 1) identification of research questions; 2) identification of relevant studies using a total of six electronic databases; 3) study selection; 4) charting the data; and 5) collation, summarization and reporting of the data. Results: A total of 2114 articles were retrieved, from which 13 articles were included in the final review. Among the 13 studies, 12 conducted interventions regarding dietary modification or replacement of household or personal goods. The duration of interventions ranged from at least three days to a maximum of six months, including six studies with a period of less than ten days. The participants were all healthy populations, eight of which were for adults, three for children or adolescents, and two for families. Outcome of the interventions were measured through concentration of EDCs in urine or/and house air. The effects of the interventions were inconsistent, with 11 studies showing significant changes of EDC concentration while no significant change was found in two studies. Conclusion: The results indicate a need for randomized controlled trials, participant-centered studies promoting active participation and practices of subjects, studies specifying subgroups of participants, and studies including families as units in interventions.

A latent class analysis of life stress among female East Asian college students: A multi-country study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify subgroups of East Asian female college students experiencing life stress frequencies, and examine whether a difference in general characteristics existed between the extracted classes. METHODS: This used a cross-sectional design. Female college students from South Korea (n = 220) and Hong Kong (n = 300) participated in the study. Life stress frequencies using the Life Stress Scale were measured. Latent class analysis as well as binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with extracted classes, and ascertain whether a difference in general characteristics existed between the extracted classes. RESULTS: South Korean participants were classified into two latent groups: "life stress - high" (18.6%) or "life stress - low" (81.4%). Within the Korean latent groups, subjective health status was significantly associated with group classification. In Hong Kong, participants were classified into three latent groups: "life stress - high" (13.7%), "life stress - moderate" (43.9%), and "life stress - low" (42.4%), and the classified groups were significantly associated with the financial status of participants' parents, subjective health status, and body mass index. LIMITATIONS: It is difficult to generalize the results to college females in the whole of South Korea and Hong Kong due to the convenience sampling method. Furthermore, further studies using a longitudinal design will be needed to confirm the variables' causal relationship. CONCLUSIONS: For alleviating the experienced stress frequency, it is important for female college students to have interventions at the family, societal, and national levels, in addition to their individual efforts.