Human Palatine Tonsils Are Linked to Alzheimer's Disease through Function of Reservoir of Amyloid Beta Protein Associated with Bacterial Infection.

Amyloid-ß (Aß)-peptide production or deposition in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was shown to be caused by chronic inflammation that may be induced by infection, but the role of pathogenic-bacteria-related AD-associated Aß is not yet clearly understood. In this study, we validated the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the Aß-protein load and bacterial infection and that there are effects of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), on the Aß load in the inflammatory environment of human tonsils. Here, we detected Aß-peptide deposits in human tonsil tissue as well as tissue similar to tonsilloliths found in the olfactory cleft. Interestingly, we demonstrated for the first time the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clustered around or embedded in the Aß deposits. Notably, we showed that treatment with S. aureus upregulated the Aß-protein load in cultures of human tonsil organoids and brain organoids, showing the new role of S. aureus in Aß-protein aggregation. These findings suggest that a reservoir of Aß and pathogenic bacteria may be a possible therapeutic target in human tonsils, supporting the treatment of antibiotics to prevent the deposition of Aß peptides via the removal of pathogens in the intervention of AD pathogenesis.

Panic Buying: Modeling What Drives it and How it Deteriorates Emotional Well-being.

This study develops a panic buying model that explains its driving forces and adverse consequences. The data were collected from 415 U.S. nationwide consumers during the outbreak of the current pandemic and analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results indicated that although social learning through traditional media did not significantly affect consumers' fearfulness toward product shortage or panic buying, social learning through social media exerts significant effects on both. The results also provide empirical evidence that consumers' panic buying can trigger them to experience more negative emotions, which proves why such abnormal buying behaviors are an essential matter to be addressed.

Photocatalytic oxidation of urea on TiO2 in water and urine: mechanism, product distribution, and effect of surface platinization.

The photocatalytic oxidation of urea on TiO2 in water was compared with that in urine. Despite the presence of other organic compounds in urine, the oxidation efficiency of urea on TiO2 in urine was higher than that in water. This enhanced oxidation of urea in urine is ascribed to the higher production of •OH (primary oxidant for urea degradation) by the adsorption of PO43- (one constituent of urine) on the TiO2 surface. Among the various anions in urine, only PO43- was adsorbed on the surface of TiO2. Both the production of •OH and the oxidation of urea were enhanced in the presence of PO43-. These results indicate that the enhanced •OH production by in situ surface phosphorylation is the reason for the increased oxidation of urea in urine. Surface platinization of TiO2 enhanced the oxidation of urea in water. However, the oxidation efficiency of urea on Pt/TiO2 in urine was lower than that in water. This behavior is due to the adsorption of PO43- and SO42- in urine on Pt deposits, which inhibits the adsorption of oxygen and the interfacial electron transfer to oxygen. The product distribution (i.e., the molar ratio of NO3- to NH4+) in water was different from that in urine because the negatively charged surface of TiO2 in urine attracts the positively charged area of carbamic acid (intermediate) and encourages its decomposition into NH4+ and not into NO3-.

The deep vein thrombosis caused by lymphocele after endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.

Pelvic lymphocele is a postoperative complications than can result after endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Radical prostatectomy have many risk factors of deep vein thrombosis including location of target organ, malignancy, old age, Trendelenburg position, pelvic lymph node dissection, and long procedure time. A 57-year-old man with a localized prostate cancer was treated with endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Deep vein thrombosis was detected as a first sign of pelvic lymphocele. Lymphocele was managed with a percutaneous drainage without sclerosant. We report a case of deep vein thrombosis due to pelvic lymphocele after endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy.