Global prevalence of hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus - a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

PURPOSE: Hypomagnesemia, characterized by low magnesium levels, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of hypomagnesemia prevalence in individuals with T2DM as well as its potential implications for diabetes management and complications. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Research Gate to identify relevant studies between January 2008 and August 2023. We focused on observational studies related to serum magnesium levels and Type 2 Diabetes in individuals aged 19 and older. Newcastle Ottawa tool was used for quality assessment. A random effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM. RESULTS: We identified a total of 671 studies, and after screening 383 abstracts and full texts by two independent reviewers, we identified 19 eligible studies encompassing 4192 patients diagnosed with T2DM. The mean age was 55.4 (SD, 4.39) years with a mean HbA1C level of 8.01. The pooled prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM was 32% (95% CI: 22-36%) out of 4192 cases. On subgroup analysis, the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in male and female were 19.8% and 20.1%, respectively. Geographically, Asia had the highest prevalence of hypomagnesemia with 31.9% (95% CI: 24-41.1%). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis highlights a significant prevalence of hypomagnesemia in individuals with T2DM, emphasizing the need for further investigation due to the intricate nature of the association between serum magnesium levels and T2DM.

Splenic infarction: an uncommon yet significant complication in COVID-19 patients - a case series report and literature review.

Splenic infarction is a rare complication observed in some patients affected by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), with poorly understood clinical features and prognosis. We analyzed the histopathological reports and clinical data from six adult patients admitted to a tertiary care center between 10 October 2020, and 10 January 2021, diagnosed with COVID-19 and splenic infarct. Confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis was established through a nasopharyngeal swab while uncertain diagnoses, children, and non-hospitalized patients were excluded. Splenic infarct was confirmed by abdominal CT scan. The findings indicated a direct impact of the virus on the spleen, evident through a decline in lymphocyte counts. These results emphasize the significance of comprehending the potential complications and pathological changes associated with COVID-19, particularly concerning splenic involvement. The literature review employed a specific keyword search strategy focusing on COVID-19 and splenic infarction case reports. The review highlighted the association between COVID-19 and an increased risk of thromboembolism, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and managing clotting issues. It also underscored the need to consider splenic infarction as a potential complication in COVID-19 patients with abdominal pain. The study highlighted the diverse nature of splenic infarction in COVID-19 patients, necessitating a multidisciplinary management approach and calls for further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies.