Critical Review on Balanites aegyptiaca Delile: Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological Properties and Nanointerventions.

Balanites aegyptiaca Delile (BA) is an enduring xerophytic woody and spinous flowering tree and is commonly known as desert date or Ingudi (Hingot). It belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, which is specific to be drought areas of Nigeria, Africa, South Asia and India (Rajasthan). In Ayurveda, this traditional medicinal plant is reported for the management of jaundice, syphilis, yellow fever, metabolic disorders, liver, and spleen problems. The main aim of the review is to compile its medicinal uses and further advancements to showcase the promises inherited in various parts of the plant for the benefit of mankind. As per the literature survey, various researchers have focused on the detailed investigation of BA including the phytopharmacological evidence, chemical constituents, nano-formulations, commercialized products, and clinical trials. Several remarkable scaffolds and isolated compounds like diosgenin, yamogenin, balanitin1/2, balanitin 3, bal4/5, bal6/7, rutin-3-glycosides, 3,7-diglycosides, (3, 12, 14, 16)-(12-hydroxycholest-5-ene-3,16-diyl-bis)-D-glucopyranoside and balanitoside have been identified. Additionally, this traditional plant has been scientifically proven by in vitro and in vivo. Based on the complete review of this plant, most of the compounds have been isolated from the fruit and kernel part. Additionally, based on the literature, a histogram was developed for pharmacological activity in which antidiabetic study was found to be more compared to other pharmacological activity. As a spinous desert dates, this plant needs to be explored more to bring out newer phytochemicals in the management of various diseases.

Identification of behenic acid as medicinal food for the diabetes mellitus: structure-based computational approach and molecular dynamics simulation studies.

Vegetables, fruits, and spices have a pivotal role in maintaining the metabolism and have diversified health welfares. The food products have medicinal values (Medifood) and benefitted prophylactically and simultaneously; health experts recommend them due to their synergistic effect on medicine. Therefore, research thrusts have developed medifood and counted in the field of pharma-nutrition. Type II diabetes mellitus is one of the foremost progressive metabolic disorders, which affects several millions of people around the globe due to ignorance of food habits. Improvement in lifestyle and intake of habitual food may improve the diabetic conditions. In the present study, we performed in silico studies of fatty acids on the free fatty acid 1 receptor to identify fatty acids readily available in daily food content. Additionally, molecular dynamic simulation study to recognize the dynamic behavior of protein-fatty acid complex. The in silico results suggest that 04 fatty acids may be promising in which behenic acid was most potential and showed binding energy of - 110.857 kcal/mol. The stability of the protein-ligand complex is confirm in simulation studies, with occupancy of 95% and 84%, respectively. Behenic acid is present in different parts of the Moringa tree and may serve as medifood in type II diabetes mellitus.

Recent update on nano-phytopharmaceuticals in the management of diabetes.

Due to changed lifestyle and other reasons, diabetes has become one of the common metabolic disorder of the globe. Numerous therapeutic options are available, which controls the plasma glucose levels. However, most of the drugs are associated with some undesired side effects. Owing to the side effects and enhanced understanding of the phytochemicals, an inclination toward herbal medicine is seen in the population. These herbal products are also associated with concerns like poor aqueous solubility, compromised permeation, and a low degree of bioavailability. So, the emergence of nanotechnology in the herbal medicine is required to nullify the associated concerns of conventional antidiabetic drugs. The present review aims to compile the literature available for the nano-interventions pertinent to herbal products for diabetes management.

Drug-Drug Binary Solids of Nitrofurantoin and Trimethoprim: Crystal Engineering and Pharmaceutical Properties.

With the aim of developing multidrug solids through a tuned crystal engineering approach, we have selected two antiurinary infective drugs, namely, nitrofurantoin (NF) and trimethoprim (TMP) and isolated eight binary drug-drug solid solvates along with a nonsolvated cocrystal. Crystal structure analyses were performed for eight of these solids and rationalized in terms of known supramolecular synthons formed by pyrimidine, imide, and amine functionalities. Notably, the TMP-NF anhydrous cocrystal and its ionic cocrystal hydrate exhibit enhanced equilibrium solubilities compared to pure NF or the simple NF hydrate. Furthermore, the ionic cocrystal hydrate exhibits greater antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli, compared to the parent TMP and NF at the lowest concentration of 3.9 µg/mL. This study indicates initial pathways using the cocrystal methodology that would help to eventually arrive at an antiurinary cocrystal with optimal properties.