RESUMO
Rats were treated orally with ayahuasca (AYA) on gestation days (GD) 6-20 at doses corresponding to one-(1X) to eight-fold (8X) the average dose taken by a human adult in a religious ritual, and the pregnancy outcome evaluated on GD21. Rats treated with 4X and 8X doses died during the treatment period (44 and 52%), and those that survived showed kidney injury. Rats surviving the 8X dose showed neuronal loss in hippocampal regions and in the raphe nuclei, and those from the 2X dose neuronal loss in CA1. Delayed intrauterine growth, induced embryo deaths and increased occurrence of foetal anomalies were observed at the 8X dose. At non-lethal doses, AYA enhanced embryolethality and the incidence of foetal soft-tissue and skeleton anomalies. This study suggested that AYA is developmentally toxic and that its daily use by pregnant women may pose risks for the conceptus.
Assuntos
Banisteriopsis , Bebidas/toxicidade , Alucinógenos/toxicidade , Preparações de Plantas/toxicidade , Teratogênicos/toxicidade , Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos , Anormalidades Múltiplas/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Encéfalo/anormalidades , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Embrião de Mamíferos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal , Rim/anormalidades , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/anormalidades , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Troca Materno-Fetal , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Ratos Wistar , Esqueleto/anormalidades , Esqueleto/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/anormalidades , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ureter/anormalidades , Ureter/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/anormalidades , Útero/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The acute toxicity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxic effects of BC were studied. Cytotoxicity of BC was evaluated in cultured C3A hepatoma cells (HepG2/C3A) using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay. Acute toxicity was tested in adults Wistar rats treated with a single dose of BC. The genotoxicity of BC was evaluated in vivo by the micronucleus assay. BC (0.33-170 µg/mL) added to C3A cell culture medium caused no elevation in LDH release over the background level recorded in untreated cell wells. The treatment with the BC in a single oral dose (2000 mg/kg body weight) caused no deaths or signs of toxicity. BC attenuated CP-induced and inhibition the incidence of MNPCE (female: 46.94%; male: 22.7%) and increased the ratio of PCE/NCE (female: 46.10%; male: 35.25%). There was no alteration in the LDH release in the wells where C3A cells were treated with increasing concentrations of BC compared to the wells where the cells received the cell culture medium only (background of approximately 20% cell death), indicated that in the dose range tested BC was not cytotoxic. BC was not cytotoxic, genotoxic or acutely toxic. BC attenuated CP-induced genotoxic and myelotoxic effects.