[The dynamics of demographic indices in the Republic of Bashkortostan].

The article presents results of analysis of demographic indices in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The primary data for analysis was acquired from official public statistics. The dynamics of fertility and mortality indices in 1985-2018 is described. The prognostication of indices dynamics up to 2025 was made. The distribution of mortality indices by gender, age, causes of death, place of residence is proposed for 2012, 2015 and 2018. Four periods with increasing or decreasing of fertility and mortality was allocated. The linear correlation made up to r = -0.492, p<0.01, i.e., with decreasing of birth rate increasing in mortality occurred. The assessment of dynamics of mortality in 2015-2018 established that young age groups (15-29 years old) are characterized by significant increasing of mortality in every subsequent age group as compared with previous age group. Between 2012 and 2018, total mortality decreased from 13.2 ‰ to 12.4 ‰. Males and females aged 40-44 and females aged 45-49 and 50-54 had such negative trend as increasing of mortality as compared with 2012 and 2015. The decreasing of indices of overall mortality occurred only among males. In males, mortality rate exceeded mortality rate in females up to 1.33 times in 2012, up to 1.29 times in 2015 and up to 1.23 times in 2018. The mortality rate of rural population is 1.3 times higher than mortality rate of urban population. While mortality rate of able-bodied population is 1.4 times higher. The increasing of mortality occurred due to malignant neoplasms, while the growth rate was more pronounced among rural population as compared with urban population. The mortality of respiratory diseases is more than 2 times higher in rural areas and of diseases of the digestive system is 1.5 times higher among rural population. The established growth trends in mortality among rural population due to respiratory and digestive diseases and decreasing of mortality of diseases of the circulatory system and significant decreasing of such cases as "elder age" can be explained by probability of defects in encoding of causes of death.

[The Medical Social Characteristics of Rural Women].

The article presents the results of medical social characteristics of rural women aged from 20 to 60 years (average age is 44.6+-1.2 years). One third of them have secondary special education, 75% are married, 46% are working mainly in agricultural sector. Out of all working women 25.8% are exposed to unfavorable industrial factors, 20.3% are working in areas related to intensive labor processes. In 77.3% of respondents there is no centralized water supply and sewerage in home accommodations and there is no gas heating in 45.4% of respondents. About half of all surveyed women mentioned environmental pollution with livestock, poultry keeping and farm enterprises waste. The low level of living was noted more than 80% of respondents. more than 70% suffer from improper feeding and 46% have overweight. The rate of occurrence of chronic diseases made up to 212.3 per 100 examined women. In the structure of morbidity diseases of blood circulation system made up to 28.2%. The health self-estimate of women demonstrated that 2.1% of women consider their health as excellent, 11.3% - as a good one, 54.4% as a satisfactory one and 32.2% as a bad one.