Accurate method for correcting the translation position error of ptychography based on quantum particle swarm optimization.

In ptychography, the translation position error will cause the periodic grid deviation and tremendously decrease the reconstruction quality. It is crucial to attain the precise translation position of the probe with respect to the object. The current correction methods may fall into a local optimal value, and miss the better results. An accurate method based on the quantum particle swarm optimization is proposed to globally correct the translation position error and add the randomness to avoid trapping in local optimum. In our proposed method, particles in a quantum bound state can appear at any point in the solution space with a certain probability density. In order words, the corrected translation position can be spread over the searching space, which can acquire the possibility of jumping out of the local optimum. Experiments are conducted to verify that our proposed method can be used to enhance the correction accuracy of the translation position error as well as avoid local optimum.

Determination of Community Structure and Diversity of Seed-Vectored Endophytic Fungi in Alpinia zerumbet.

Endophytic fungi act as seed endosymbiont, thereby playing a very crucial role in the growth and development of seeds. Seed-vectored endophytic fungi establish an everlasting association with seeds and travel from generation to generation. To explore the composition and diversity of endophytic fungi in Alpinia zerumbet seeds, high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing was employed for the following stages: fruit formation period (YSJ1), young fruit period (YSJ2), early mature period (YSJ3), middle mature period (YSJ4), and late mature period (YSJ5). A total of 906,694 sequence reads and 745 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained and further classified into 8 phyla, 30 classes, 73 orders, 163 families, 302 genera, and 449 species. The highest endophytic fungal diversity was observed at YSJ5. The genera with the highest abundance were Cladosporium, Kodamaea, Hannaella, Mycothermus, Gibberella, Sarocladium, and Neopestalotiopsis. Functional Guild (FUNGuild) analysis revealed that endophytic fungi were undefined saprotroph, plant pathogens, animal pathogen-endophyte-lichen parasite-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph, and soil saprotrophs. Alternaria, Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Sarocladium, which are potential probiotics and can be used as biocontrol agents, were also abundant. This study is part of the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations Organization (UNO) to "Establish Good Health and Well-Being."