Analysis of Tissue Repair of a New Cement Based on Calcium and Strontium Aluminates: A Triple-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial in an Animal Model.

OBJECTIVE: The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new root canal filling sealer (RCFS) based on tristrontium aluminate and dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate in living tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into three groups: control (polyethylene), sealer (Bio-C Sealer, Londrina, PR, Brazil), and experimental (tristrontium aluminate and dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope to assess different cellular events at different time intervals (7, 15, and 30 days). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (p < 0.05) tests. RESULTS: In the initial period, a moderate inflammatory infiltrate was observed, similar between the endodontic cements groups (p = 0.725). The intensity of the infiltrate decreased with time, with no significant difference among the groups (p > 0.05). The number of young fibroblasts was elevated in all groups evaluated at 7 days. The experimental group showed the highest number of cells at all time intervals, but the difference with the sealer group at 7 (p = 0.001) and 15 days (p = 0.002) and the control group at 30 days was not significant (p = 0.001). Regarding tissue repair events, the amount of collagen fibers increased over the experimental intervals, with no significant difference between the sealer and control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The experimental RCFS based on calcium and strontium aluminates proved to be biocompatible for use in close contact with periapical tissue, inducing a low inflammatory reaction and favoring rapid tissue repair.

Effect of chitosan and Dysphania ambrosioides on the bone regeneration process: A randomized controlled trial in an animal model.

The focus of this triple-blind study was on evaluating the effect of chitosan combined with Dysphania ambrosioides (A) extract on the bone repair process in vivo. In total, 60 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) weighing between 260 and 270 g were randomly selected for this study and distributed into four groups (n = 15). Group C (chitosan), Group CA5 (chitosan + 5% of D. ambrosioides), Group CA20 (chitosan + 20% of D. ambrosioides), and Group CO (Control-Blood clot). In each animal, bone defects measuring 2 mm in diameter were performed in both tibias for placement of the substances. After 7, 15, and 30 days, the animals were sedated and sacrificed using the cervical dislocation technique and the tissues were analyzed under optical microscope relative to the following events: inflammatory infiltrate, necrosis, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, periosteal, and endosteal bone formation. The data were evaluated to verify distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and variance, using the Levene test; as distribution was not normal, data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn nonparametric tests (p < .05). A significant inflammatory infiltrate was observed in Group CA5 (p = .008) in the time interval of 7 days, and in Group C at 15 (p = .009) and 30 (p = .017) days. Osteoblastic activity was more significant in Group CA20 (p = .027) compared with CA5 in the time interval of 7 days. Group CA20 demonstrated a significantly higher endosteal and periosteal bone formation value in the time interval of 7 (p = .013), 15 (p = .004), and 30 days (p = .008) compared with the other groups. The null hypothesis was refuted, bone regeneration was faster in spheres with an association of chitosan and 20% extract, and complete bone repair occurred clinically at 15 days and histologically at 30 days. The spheres proved to be a promising method for the biostimulation of alveolar bone repair and bone fractures.

Conduta de graduandos em Odontologia em relação ao uso de pontas diamantadas nas práticas clínicas e seu estado de conservação / The conduct of dentistry undergraduate students with regard to the use of diamond burs

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a conduta dos graduandos de Odontologia em relação ao uso de pontasdiamantadas e suascondiçõesde conservação.Foram aplicadosquestionários aos98acadêmicosregularmentematriculadosnasdisciplinas clínicas do curso (7° ao 10°períodos), a fim de avaliar as características sobre uso, armazenamento, esterilização e condições das pontas diamantadasutilizadas na prática clínica. Pontas diamantadasforam recolhidas para análise em microscópio eletrônico de varredura(MEV), onde foram observados aspectos relativos ao seu estado de conservação. Foram realizados cálculos de frequência para análise estatística.Observou-se que44,9% dos estudantes utilizavam empacotamento individualpara proceder a esterilização; 27,6% usavamo instrumentopor um períodode 1 a 2 anosaté o seu descartee 87,8% usavamo mesmo instrumento de1 a 2vezespor semana; 66,3% afirmaram que não utilizavam nas clínicas os mesmos instrumentosempregadosem atividades laboratoriais;73,5% empregavam água, sabão e escova para lavagem e45,9% utilizavam luva de procedimento, gorro, máscara e jaleco; 51% empregavam seringa de ar para secagem; 39,8% não faziam desinfecção; 100% utilizavam autoclave; 87,8% relataram boas condições de uso; 59,2% já trocaram seus instrumentos e 81,6% concordam em utilizar o próprio instrumento em sua cavidade bucal. Nas imagens do MEV pode-se observarperdas estruturais de diamantes, processo de oxidação do aglutinante e até perda severa de parte ativadessas pontas diamantadas. Os graduandos apresentaram conduta adequada frente ao armazenamento, utilização e esterilização de suas pontas diamantadas. Entretanto, após análise em MEV as pontas não apresentavam bom estado de conservação (AU).

The objective of this study was to examine the conduct of Dentistry undergraduate students regarding the use of diamond burs, as well as the conditions of the bursthemselves. Questionnaires were applied to the 98 students regularly enrolled in the clinical subjects of the course (from the 7th to the 10th semesters) to evaluate the characteristics with regards to use, storing, sterilization, and conditions of the diamond burs used in clinical practice. The diamond burs were collected for analysis in an electron microscope (EM), where aspects related to their state of conservation were observed. Frequency calculations were carried out for the statistical analysis. It was found that 44.9% of the students storedthe burs in isolation for sterilization; 27.6% used the same instrument for a period that varied from 1 to 2 years before discarding it; and 87.8% used the same instrument once or twice a week; 66.3% stated they did not use in clinic the same instruments used in lab activities; 73.5% used water, soap, and a brush to cleanthe bur, and 45.9% used gloves, cap, mask, and lab coats for thisprocedure; 51% used the air syringeto dry the bur; 39.8% did not disinfectthem; 100% used autoclave; 87.8% reported good usage conditions; 59.2% had exchanged their instruments; and 81.6% agreed to use their own instruments in their oral cavity. The images from the EM show the structural loss of diamonds, the oxidation process of the bonding metal, and even the severe loss of the active part of the diamond tips. The students presented an adequate behavior regarding the storing, using, and sterilizing of the diamond burs. However, an analysis using the EM showed that the burs were not well preserved (AU).

Profile of Public Dentistry Contests in the Southeast Region of Brazil / Perfil de Concursos Públicos de Odontologia para a Estratégia Saúde da Família da Região Sudeste do Brasil

Public contest is one of the best ways for health professionals to enter the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and other public health services. The objective of this study was to verify the profile of Dentistry public examinations in the southeast region, as well as to analyze the coherence between the proposal of FHS and the content on the professionals selection for this position. The examinations were retrieved by means of research of the sites: PCI Concursos and Folha Dirigida and sites of companies of greater representativeness in the competitive bidding in the states of the southeast region. From the entire southeastern region, 266 competitive examinations were obtained for the position of dental surgeon, from 2001 to 2017. For the data analysis,, three categories were created: QG, for the questions that included the general questions present in the tests; QT, individual technical questions that balance the requirements related to specific knowledge; and QC, corresponding to the questions related to collective character. In all the tests analyzed, the specific knowledge (QC and QT) had a higher prevalence among the contents charged. Among the areas that involved the individual technical questions, the subjects of Surgery, Dentistry, Stomatology and Pathology were the ones with the highest prevalence. Through the results, it can be seen that the public examinations for dental surgeons who want to work in the FHS in the states of the southeast region, most of them deal with knowledge of clinical dentistry specialties. (AU)

O concurso público é uma das melhores formas de inserção dos profissionais de saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e em outros serviços de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o perfil de provas de concursos públicos de Odontologia da região sudeste, bem como analisar a coerência entre a proposta da ESF e o conteúdo da seleção de profissionais para este cargo. Os exames foram recuperados por meio de pesquisa em dois sites bastante acessados que disponibilizam provas de concurso público no Brasil: PCI Concursos e Folha Dirigida e em sites de empresas de maior representatividade nas licitações de concurso nos estados da região sudeste. De toda a região foram obtidas 266 provas de concursos para o cargo de cirurgião dentista, no período de 2001 a 2017. Para análise dos dados foram criadas três categorias: QG, para os quesitos que englobaram as questões gerais presentes nas provas; QT, questões técnicas individuais que equivalem aos quesitos relacionados aos conhecimentos específicos; e QC, correpondendo aos quesitos relacionados ao caráter coletivo. Em todas as provas analisadas, os conhecimentos específicos (QC e QT) tiveram maior prevalência entre os conteúdos cobrados. Dentre as áreas que envolveram os quesitos técnicos individuais, as disciplinas de Cirurgia, Dentística, Estomatologia e Patologia foram as de maior prevalência. Através dos resultados, percebe-se que os concursos públicos para os cirurgiões dentistas que querem atuar na ESF nos estados da região sudeste, abordam em sua maioria conhecimentos de especialidades clínicas da Odontologia. (AU)

Anxiety presented by children facing dental treatment / Ansiedade apresentada por crianças frente ao tratamento odontológico

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the profile of children from 6 to 12 years of age, in relation to anxiety towards dental treatment and evaluate the main factors that trigger anxiety in this population. Methods: The sample was composed of 200 children with an average age of 8.5 years who attended the Clinic of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Campina Grande and the Basic Healthcare Units of the municipality of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil between June 2015 and May 2016. Anxiety was assessed using the Dental Anxiety Scale and the Venham Picture Test. The Chi-Square test and Fisher's exact test were used to explore the level of significance of the associations between the variables Results: Anxiety was observed in the majority of children (Dental Anxiety Scale - 89% and Venham Picture Test - 70.5%) and the predominant levels were low to moderate. The child´s age group was significantly associated with anxiety (p=0.014) by the Venham Picture Test, while gender did not present this correlation. Anxiety was influenced by all the factors studied: making the appointment, waiting room, rotary instrument and periodontal scaling. Conclusion: The majority of children presented anxiety and the trigger factors: making the appointment, waiting room, rotary instrument and periodontal scaling contributed considerably to its development.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o perfil das crianças de 6 a 12 anos de idade, com relação à ansiedade frente ao tratamento odontológico e avaliar os principais fatores desencadeadores de ansiedade nesta população. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 200 crianças com idade média de 8,5 anos que frequentaram a Clínica-Escola de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande e as Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família do município de Patos-PB entre junho de 2015 e maio de 2016. A ansiedade foi avaliada utilizando a Dental Anxiety Scale e o Venham Picture Test. O teste Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher foram usados para explorar o nível de significância das associações entre as variáveis. Resultados: A ansiedade foi observada na maioria das crianças (Dental Anxiety Scale - 89% e Venham Picture Test - 70,5%) e os níveis predominantes foram baixo e moderado. A faixa etária da criança foi associada significativamente à ansiedade (p=0,014) através do teste Venham Picture Test, ao passo que o gênero não apresentou essa correlação. A ansiedade sofreu influência de todos os fatores estudados: marcação da consulta, sala de espera, caneta odontológica e raspagem periodontal. Conclusão: A maioria das crianças apresentou ansiedade e os fatores desencadeadores marcação da consulta, sala de espera, caneta odontológica e raspagem periodontal atuaram consideravelmente para o seu desenvolvimento.

Caracterização do componente curricular Odontologia para Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais nos cursos de Odontologia do estado da Paraíba / Characterization of the curricular component Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs in the Dental courses of the state of Paraíba

A regulamentação da especialização em Odontologia para Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais surgiu por meio da resolução 25/2002 do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO). De acordo com a lei nº 9.394/96, os cursos de graduação possuem autonomia didático-científica para estabelecer sua estrutura curricular. Dessa forma, conteúdos relacionados à Odontologia para Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais (OPNE) poderão ou não estar presentes na matriz curricular dos cursos de Odontologia. O objetivo da pesquisa foi caracterizar a disciplina de OPNE nos cursos de Odontologia do estado da Paraíba. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Um formulário foi produzido e as informações foram coletadas nos sítios web dos cursos. Foi possível coletar informações de nove dos onze cursos em funcionamento no estado. Em seis deles os conteúdos estavam presentes e a nomenclatura variava de uma instituição para outra. A oferta da disciplina foi obrigatória em 100% dos cursos avaliados e em cinco a abordagem era teórico/clinica, sendo que em um não constava informação. Dois cursos disponibilizavam a disciplina no 8º e 9º semestres, com carga horaria média de 62,2 horas. Em 50% dos casos os conteúdos tinham conexão com outras disciplinas e em 60% funcionavam como disciplina independente. Conclui-se que os cursos de graduação em Odontologia do estado da Paraíba possuem, na sua maioria, a disciplina de OPNE em sua estrutura curricular. Não existe uma padronização quanto à nomenclatura, carga horária e período em que a mesma é ofertada (AU).

The regulatory standards of the specialization in Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs emerged through the resolution 25/2002 of the Federal Council of Dentistry. According to the Law 9394/96, the courses of graduate have a scientific-didactic autonomy to establish their curricular program. Thus, the Course of Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs (DPSN) may or may not be present in the curricular matrix of Dentistry courses. The objective of the research was to characterize the discipline of DPSN in the Dentistry courses of the state of Paraíba. This is a cross-sectional quantitative study. A questionnaire was produced, and information was collected through the official website of educational institutions. From 11 courses, it was possible to collect information of 9. In 6 of them the discipline was present, and the nomenclature varied from one college to another. The course offer was compulsory in 100% of the courses and in 5 the presentation was theoretical / clinical, only 1 did not include information. Two courses provided the discipline in the 8th and 9th semester and the average time load of all subjects was 62.2 hours. In 50% the subjects had connections with others disciplines and in 60% they worked independently. Thus, it was concluded that most of the dentistry courses in the state of Paraíba offer the discipline of DPSN in their curricular matrices. There is not a standard nomenclature, time load and course offer semester (AU).

Effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides on the healing process of the in vivo bone tissue.

The focus of this double-blind randomized study was on evaluating the effect of an aqueous extract of Mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) on the bone repair process in vivo. In total, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly selected for this study, and divided into 3 groups (n = 12): Group HS (Hemostatic Sponge), Group SM (Hemostatic Sponge with Mastruz) and Group BC (Blood Clot). In each animal, bone defects measuring 2 mm in diameter were performed in both tibias for placement of the substances. After 3 and 10 days, the animals were sacrificed, and the tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope relative to the following events: inflammatory infiltrate; necrosis; young fibroblasts; osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity; endosteal and periosteal bone formation; and bone repair. The results were assessed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < .05). Inflammatory infiltrate demonstrated difference between Groups SM and BC in the time interval of 3 days (p = .004); an event related to the presence of the fibrin sponge and liquid of the extract, which induced a foreign body initial reaction. The presence of young fibroblasts (p = .003), osteoclastic (p = .003), and osteoblastic (p = .020) activity was statistically significant between Groups HS and BC in the time interval of 10 days; performance was related to the presence of the sponge within bone. As regards injured bone tissue repair, Group SM demonstrated a higher level of regenerative capacity (p = 0.004), due to a larger quantities of endosteal and periosteal bone formation, demonstrated in Group SM. The aqueous extract of mastruz stimulated bone neoformation, presenting wound closure with bone tissue at the end of 10 days.

Conhecimento de médicos e enfermeiros sobre saúde bucal na primeira infância / Knowledge of physicians and nurses about oral health in early childhood

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como propósito verificar o conhecimento de médicos e enfermeiros, inseridos na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, no município de Patos, Paraíba,sobre a saúde bucal para crianças de 0 a 36 meses. Material e Métodos: O estudo foi do tipo transversal, observacional, adotando como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário específico. A amostra foi composta por 63 profissionais, sendo 28 médicos e 35 enfermeiros. Após coletados, os dados foram trabalhados pela estatística descritiva e submetidos ao teste estatístico Exato de Fisher considerado significativo ao nível de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Acerca do conhecimento à prevenção em odontologia, 96,8% dos profissionais perceberam a cárie dentária como uma doença, que surge pela falta de higiene e dieta inadequada. Relataram não saber como é removido obiofilme dental em crianças de 0 a 36 meses (46%) e que o flúor serve para evitar a cárie (71,4%). 65,1% dos profissionais compreendem que a primeira visita ao dentista deve ser realizada antes do nascimento dos dentes e 76,2% disseram que o dente decíduo pode ser tratado. Observou se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis“orientação sobre saúde bucal” e gênero (p=0,04), onde11,1% do gênero masculino relataram não ter tido orientação quanto à saúde bucal. Conclusão: Conclui-se que existe uma fragilidade no conhecimento sobre saúde bucal, na primeira infância, o que torna importante a capacitação dessas classes para que o trabalho se torne mais integrado, com troca efetiva de saberes e práticas.

Objective: To verify the knowledge of physicians and nurses working in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Patos, PB, Brazil, in relation to the oral health of children aged 0 to 36months. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study using a specific questionnaire for data collection. A total of 63 professionals (28 physicians and 35nurses) were selected to compose the sample. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and then submitted to Fisher’s exact test, with a 5% significance level (p<0.05). Results: As to their knowledge about preventive dentistry, 96.8% of the professionals considered dental caries as a disease resulting from poor oral hygiene and inadequate nutrition. In addition, 46% of them did not know how dental biofilm can be removed in children (0-36 months old) and71.4% reported that fluoride might avoid dental caries. A totalof 65.1% of the professionals knew that the first visit to the dentist should be done before the primary teeth are erupted;and 76.2% said that deciduous teeth can be treated. A statistically significant difference was observed between the variables “oral health orientation” and gender (p=0.04), inwhich 11.1% of males reported having not received oral health orientation. Conclusion: There is a fragility in the knowledge of physicians and nurses on oral health in early childhood, which makes their training very important so that to promote an integrated health care based on an effective exchange of knowledge and practices.