Assessing respiratory epidemic potential in French hospitals through collection of close contact data (April-June 2020).

The transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 within hospitals can exceed that in the general community because of more frequent close proximity interactions (CPIs). However, epidemic risk across wards is still poorly described. We measured CPIs directly using wearable sensors given to all present in a clinical ward over a 36-h period, across 15 wards in three hospitals in April-June 2020. Data were collected from 2114 participants and combined with a simple transmission model describing the arrival of a single index case to the ward to estimate the risk of an outbreak. Estimated epidemic risk ranged four-fold, from 0.12 secondary infections per day in an adult emergency to 0.49 per day in general paediatrics. The risk presented by an index case in a patient varied 20-fold across wards. Using simulation, we assessed the potential impact on outbreak risk of targeting the most connected individuals for prevention. We found that targeting those with the highest cumulative contact hours was most impactful (20% reduction for 5% of the population targeted), and on average resources were better spent targeting patients. This study reveals patterns of interactions between individuals in hospital during a pandemic and opens new routes for research into airborne nosocomial risk.

Association between Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the indirect methods of evaluating insulin resistance (IR) and blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters in a population of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional study performed at the Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB, in the Portuguese acronym) involving PCOS patients diagnosed from January 2011 to January 2013. Four indirect methods, namely, fasting blood insulin level, fasting glucose/insulin ratio (G/I), homeostatic model-assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), were used to obtain the IR diagnosis. The data were analyzed using the test of proportions, the Chi-square test, and Fisher exact test, when indicated. RESULTS: Out of the 83 patients assessed, aged 28.79 ± 5.85, IR was found in 51.81-66.2% of them using the G/I ratio and the QUICKI, respectively. The test of proportions did not show a significant difference between the methods analyzed. The proportion of IR diagnoses was statistically higher in obese women than in women with normal body mass index (BMI). We observed a statistically significant association between all the methods for diagnosing IR and BMI, waist circumference (WC) and lipid accumulation product (LAP). With regards to arterial hypertension (AH), we observed a significant association according to three methods, with the exception of the ratio G/I. CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance prevalence varied according to the diagnostic method employed, with no statistical difference between them. The proportion of IR diagnoses was statistically higher in obese women than in women with normal BMI. We observed a significant association between IR and WC, BMI, LAP, as well as dyslipidemia and AH in a high proportion of patients.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre os métodos indiretos de avaliação de resistência à insulina (RI) e parâmetros pressóricos, antropométricos e bioquímicos em uma população de pacientes com síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP). MéTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado no Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB), envolvendo pacientes que apresentaram o diagnóstico de SOP no período de janeiro de 2011 a janeiro de 2013. O diagnóstico de RI foi obtido por meio de quatro métodos indiretos: insulinemia de jejum, relação glicemia de jejum/insulinemia de jejum (G/I), avaliação da resistência à insulina através do modelo homeostático (HOMA-IR) e índice quantitativo de sensibilidade à insulina (QUICKI). Os dados foram analisados utilizando o teste de proporções, o teste do Qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher, quando indicado. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 83 pacientes com idade média de 28,79 ± 5,85 anos. A RI foi diagnosticada em 51,81­66,27% dos casos pela relação G/I e QUICKI, respectivamente, e o teste de proporções não evidenciou diferença significativa entre os métodos analisados. A proporção de diagnósticos de RI foi estatisticamente maior em mulheres obesas em comparação à proporção de mulheres com índice de massa corporal (IMC) normal. Foi observada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre todos os métodos diagnósticos de RI e IMC, circunferência da cintura (CC) e produto de acumulação lipídica (LAP). Quanto à hipertensão arterial (HA), foi observada associação significativa de acordo com três métodos, com exceção da relação G/I. CONCLUSãO: A prevalência de RI variou conforme o método diagnóstico utilizado, mas não houve diferença estatística entre eles. A proporção de diagnósticos de IR foi maior nas mulheres obesas do que naquelas com peso normal. Foi observada associação significativa entre RI e CC, IMC e LAP, assim como com dislipidemia e HA em uma proporção elevada de pacientes.

Conservative treatment and follow-up of vaginal Gartner's duct cysts: a case series.

BACKGROUND: In women, during embryologic development, the paired Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts fuse distally and develop into the uterus, cervix, and upper vagina. If the Wolffian ducts persist in vestigial form, they can lead to Gartner's cysts, mainly located in the right wall of the vagina. This is one of the few studies of Gartner's cysts with a series of consecutive cases over a long period of time who were exclusively subject to clinical observation. Although Gartner's cysts are found in approximately 0.1 to 0.2% of women, controversy exists regarding the course of action to be taken. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the cases of four women who were 38-years old, 53-years old, 37-years old, and 49-years old at their first appointment and who were of mixed ethnicity, mixed ethnicity, black, and mixed ethnicity respectively. The follow-up of these patients ranged from 2 to 17 years. In these four cases the location of the cysts was the right wall of the vagina. Transvaginal ultrasound was the test of choice for diagnostic confirmation. In the cases presented in this study, the women were asymptomatic and chose to be observed clinically. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study reporting long-term clinical observation of these lesions. This study shows that conservative treatment can be a safe option for asymptomatic patients with vaginal Gartner's duct cysts.