Avaliação volumétrica das mamas em pacientes submetidas à lipoenxertia com uso de expansão pré-operatória (BRAVA®): experiência da Santa Casa de São Paulo / Volumetric assessment of breasts in patients undergoing fat grafting with pre-operative expansion (BRAVA®): experience of Santa Casa de São Paulo

Introdução: O enxerto autólogo de tecido adiposo exibe qualidades desejáveis para utilização como material de preenchimento. Contudo, a grande barreira para o seu maior desenvolvimento foram os resultados pouco previsíveis e o alto índice de absorção da gordura enxertada ao longo do tempo. O objetivo é realizar avaliação volumétrica das mamas de pacientes submetidas à lipoenxertia com uso de expansão pré-operatória (BRAVA®). Métodos: Foram operadas 19 pacientes no período entre março de 2012 e junho de 2015 na disciplina de Cirurgia Plástica da Santa Casa de São Paulo. Os parâmetros avaliados por ressonância nuclear magnética (pré e 6 meses pós-operatório) foram: Volume Aumentado=Volume Pós-operatório - Volume Pré operatório; Percentual de Aumento=Volume Aumentado/ Volume Pré operatório x100; Percentual de Integração=Volume Aumentado/Volume Enxertado x 100. Resultados: O volume médio das mamas no pré-operatório foi de 294,73 ml e de 458,42 ml no pós-operatório. O volume médio de enxerto foi de 274,4 ml (150-350 ml). Em relação aos parâmetros avaliados, o volume médio de aumento foi de 168,42 ml (90-270 ml), o percentual médio de aumento foi de 58,98% (23-90%) e o percentual médio de integração foi de 62,36% (30-80%). Conclusão: A utilização da expansão externa (BRAVA®) na mama mostrou-se um método efetivo nas taxas de integração do enxerto de gordura, bem como no aumento global do volume mamário.

Introduction: Autologous fat graft possesses the desired qualities of a filling material. However, the largest barriers to its further development are unpredictable results and high rate of absorption of the grafted fat over time. The objective is to perform a volumetric assessment of the breasts in patients undergoing fat grafting using pre-operative external expansion (BRAVA®). Methods: Nineteen patients were operated between March 2012 and June 2015 in the Service of Plastic Surgery, Santa Casa de São Paulo. The parameters evaluated using nuclear magnetic resonance (pre-operatively and 6 months post-operatively) were the following: augmented volume=postoperative volume - pre-operative volume; percentage of augmentation=augmented volume/pre-operative volume x 100; percentage of integration=augmented volume/volume grafted x 100. Results: The average volume of the breasts in the pre- and post-operative periods were 294.73 ml and 458.42 ml, respectively. The average graft volume was 274.4 ml (150-350 ml). The following parameters were assessed: average volume augmentation, 168.42 ml (90-270 ml); average percentage of augmentation, 58.98% (23-90%); and average percentage of integration, 62.36% (30-80%). Conclusion: The use of external expansion (BRAVA®) in breasts was effective in increasing the rates of integration of the fat grafts and the overall augmentation in breast volumes.

Local complications after industrial liquid silicone injection: case series.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze a case series of patients who underwent injection of industrial liquid silicone in a clandestine manner and by unauthorized persons. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients treated between September 2003 and December 2010. Data regarding gender, age, location and volume of silicone injected, time between application and clinical manifestations, complications, treatment and outcome were collected. Early manifestations were defined as occurring within 30 days of injection and late manifestations, the ones arising after this period. RESULTS: We treated 12 patients, eight were male, seven transsexuals. The volume injected ranged from 5 ml to 2000 ml, being unknown in three cases. The most often used injected sites were the thighs and buttocks. Eight patients had early manifestations, with inflammation and/or infection. Surgical debridement was necessary in five cases. Three patients with a history of injection in the breast region underwent adenomastectomy. There was one death due to refractory septic shock. CONCLUSION: The use of industrial liquid silicone should be completely contraindicated as a filling material and modification of body contouring, and may have serious complications, even death.

Complicações locais após a injeção de silicone líquido industrial: série de casos / Local complications after industrial liquid silicone injection: case series

OBJETIVO: analisar uma série de casos de pacientes submetidos à injeção de silicone líquido industrial de maneira clandestina e por pessoas não habilitadas. MÉTODOS: análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes atendidos no período de setembro de 2003 a dezembro de 2010. Foram avaliados: sexo, idade, local e volume de silicone injetado, tempo decorrido entre a aplicação e as manifestações clínicas, complicações, tratamento e evolução. Definiu-se como precoce as manifestações ocorridas até 30 dias da injeção e manifestações tardias após este período. RESULTADOS: Foram atendidos 12 pacientes, oito eram do sexo masculino, sendo sete transexuais. O volume injetado variou de 5ml a 2000ml, sendo desconhecido em três casos. Os locais mais frequentemente utilizados para injeção foram a região de coxas e glúteos. Oito casos apresentaram manifestações precoces, com quadros de inflamação e/ou infecção. Foi necessária a realização de desbridamento cirúrgico em cinco casos. Três pacientes com histórico de injeção na região mamária foram submetidas à adenomastectomia. Houve um óbito por quadro de choque séptico refratário. CONCLUSÃO: O uso do silicone líquido industrial deve ser totalmente contraindicado como material de preenchimento e modificação do contorno corporal, podendo apresentar graves complicações e até mesmo óbito.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze a case series of patients who underwent injection of industrial liquid silicone in a clandestine manner and by unauthorized persons. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients treated between September 2003 and December 2010. Data regarding gender, age, location and volume of silicone injected, time between application and clinical manifestations, complications, treatment and outcome were collected. Early manifestations were defined as occurring within 30 days of injection and late manifestations, the ones arising after this period. RESULTS: We treated 12 patients, eight were male, seven transsexuals. The volume injected ranged from 5ml to 2000ml, being unknown in three cases. The most often used injected sites were the thighs and buttocks. Eight patients had early manifestations, with inflammation and/or infection. Surgical debridement was necessary in five cases. Three patients with a history of injection in the breast region underwent adenomastectomy. There was one death due to refractory septic shock. CONCLUSION: The use of industrial liquid silicone should be completely contraindicated as a filling material and modification of body contouring, and may have serious complications, even death.

Modelo prático para treinamento de anastomose microvascular / Practical training model for microvascular anastomosis", "_e": "n

A técnica de anastomose microcirúrgica é desafiadora e requer treinamento extenso, dedicação e tempo. Os autores descrevem um modelo de treinamento acessível, prático e fácil, que utiliza retalho abdominal proveniente de abdominoplastias. O calibre dos vasos epigástricos superficiais encontrados nos retalhos abdominais excisados variou de 1,2 mm a 2 mm, dependendo do índice de massa corporal da paciente no pré-operatório. Esse retalho permitiu o treinamento de anastomoses microcirúrgicas em vasos de diferentes calibres. Esses vasos permaneciam com pequena quantidade de sangue em seu lúmen, o que permitia testar a qualidade e a patência das anastomoses. Esse modelo de treinamento em vasos abdominais humanos, quando comparado aos modelos animais ou inanimados, permite transição mais rápida e real aos pacientes. A prática de dissecção e de anastomoses terminoterminais e terminolaterais de uma maneira efetiva e prática aperfeiçoa a destreza cirúrgica.

The microsurgical anastomosis technique is practically challenging and requires extensive training, dedication, and time for inexperienced surgeons to perfect. In the present report, we describe an accessible, practical, and simple training model, which involves the use of an abdominal flap obtained from abdominoplasties. The caliber of the superficial epigastric vessels found in the excised abdominal flaps ranged from 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm, depending on the preoperative body mass index of the patient. This flap facilitated the training of microsurgical anastomosis in blood vessels with different calibers. These vessels had a small amount of remnant blood within the lumen, which enabled the testing of the quality and patency of the anastomosis. This training model involving human abdominal vessels allows for a quicker transition to actual operative situations, compared to the use of animal or inanimate models. Moreover, effective practice of dissection and end-to-end and end-to-side anastomoses using our model helps in the development of skill and surgical dexterity.

Retalho fasciocutâneo bipediculado para tratamento de meningomieloceles / Bipedicled fasciocutaneous flap in the meningomyeloceles treatment

Introdução: Os defeitos congênitos do tubo neural e tecidos associados são classificados como disrafismos espinhais, sendo a meningomielocele a forma mais grave. Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia do retalho fasciocutâneo bipediculado bilateral no tratamento das meningomieloceles. Método: A técnica foi utilizada em 9 pacientes com diagnóstico de meningomielocele, no período de dezembro de 2006 a janeiro de 2009. Os pacientes foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica nas primeiras 36 horas de vida, com atuação conjunta das equipes de Neurocirurgia e de Cirurgia Plástica. Resultados: Observou-se que a principal localização do defeito foi a região lombossacra (77,78%), seguida da toracolombar (11,11%) e torácica (11,11%). A utilização do retalho fasciocutâneo bipediculado bilateral possibilitou o fechamento da lesão em todos os casos. O defeito apresentava, em média, 32,1 cm2. A única complicação observada nesta série foi a epiteliólise segmentar do retalho na linha média, observada em 1 (11,1%) paciente. Discussão: A escolha do retalho fasciocutâneo bipediculado bilateral utilizada nos casos apresentados deve-se à segurança em relação à vascularização, menor tempo cirúrgico quando comparado aos retalhos musculares, facilidadeda dissecção, aplicabilidade e baixos índices de complicação. Conclusão: O retalho fasciocutâneo bipediculado e bilateral é adequado para o tratamento das meningomieloceles.

Introduction: Neural tube defects and associated tissues are classified as spinal dysraphism, being the most severe one the meningomyelocele. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of the bilateral bipedicled fasciocutaneous flap in the meningomyeloceles treatment. Methods: Nine patients were operated on meningomyelocele from December 2006 to January 2009. The patients had a surgery correction performed in the first 36 hours of life, with the presence of Neurosurgery and Plastic Surgery teams. Results: The main location of the defect was in the lumbosacral region (77.78%), followed by the thoracolumbar (11.11%) and the thoracicone (11.11%). In all the cases, the bilateral bipedicled fasciocutaneous flap was performed to close the defect. Discussion: The bilateral bipedicled fasciocutaneous flap was chosen owing to the security regarding vascularization, the shorter surgical time compared to muscles flaps, dissection facility, applicability and low rate of complications. Conclusion: The bilateral bipedicled fasciocutaneous flap is an adequate treatment for meningomyelocele.

Increased survival of free fat grafts with platelet-rich plasma in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: Numerous applications of autogenous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been studied so far; however, its property of enhancing the survival of free fat grafts has not been defined yet. In the literature, many reports are anecdotal and few include controls to definitely determine the role played by PRP in these grafts. OBJECTIVE: PRP was investigated to study its effect in free fat grafts' survival in a rabbit model. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 30 New Zealand male rabbits aged 6 months received 0.8 g fat tissue (harvested by scissors dissection from the scapular area of the own animal) in the ears and were randomised into two groups. Group 1 (PRP group) was given the combination of 0.8 g of free fat graft and 1 ml of PRP. Group 2 (control group) received 0.8 g of free fat graft and 1 ml of saline solution. The rabbits were followed up for a period of 6 months after the procedure and then euthanised. The grafted tissue was stained with haematoxylin-eosin and submitted to microscopical evaluation. Graft histopathology was investigated for adipocyte viability, number of blood vessels and the presence of necrosis and fibrosis. All data were statistically analysed by the differences between the study groups. RESULTS: Three major effects of the addition of PRP in the free fat graft were observed. Group 1 showed a significantly higher fat survival weight as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Histopathological investigations revealed that the number of viable adipocytes and blood vessels was higher in group 1, and still, a larger number of necrotic areas and fibrosis were detected between group 2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Application of autogenous PRP can enhance free fat graft survival in rabbits.

Sutureless closure of the upper eyelids in blepharoplasty: use of octyl-2-cyanoacrylate.

BACKGROUND: Skin adhesives provide an alternative to sutures for skin closure. The use of octyl-2-cyanoacrylate in blepharoplasty has been reported by some authors, but difficulties in applying the product and the real benefits of its use are still controversial. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to show a simple technique for closing the upper incision in blepharoplasty with octyl-2-cyanoacrylate instead of sutures and to discuss its benefits. METHODS: Eight female patients who underwent blepharoplasty had the upper incision closed with octyl-2-cyanoacrylate, for a total of 16 eyelids studied. Temporary stitches were placed along the incision and pulled by traction to approximate the skin borders. After apposition of the skin borders, high viscosity octyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond; Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ) was used to close the incision. The stitches were removed immediately after glue crust formation, leaving the incision without sutures. The procedure was timed and a Hollander wound scale was used to evaluate the aesthetic results. RESULTS: Approximation of the skin borders with temporary stitches made it easier to apply octyl-2-cianoacrylate. The average gap between the skin borders was 1.0 cm. No major complications were encountered, although minor wound dehiscence occurred in 2 eyelids (12.5%). The closure time averaged 6.9 minutes and the aesthetic results were considered very good or excellent. CONCLUSIONS: Closure of the upper eyelids using octyl-2-cianoacrylate and temporary stitches removed immediately after glue crust formation is a safe and easily reproduced technique, with no differences in aesthetic outcome compared with suture closure.

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis.

The congenital infiltrating lipomatosis (LCI) represents a distinct, clinical and pathological aspect of fat soft-tissue neoplasia; very few cases of which have been described in literature. In 1983, Slavin and Cols described the main characteristics of LCI as:(1) non-encapsulated tumours containing mature adipocites, (2) fat infiltration in muscles and adjacent soft parts, (3) absence of malignant characteristics, (4) absence of lipoblasts, (5) presence of fibrous elements, increased number of vessels and nerves and (6) adjacent bone hypertrophy. In this article, we describe a congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face in a child and discuss the diagnoses and the treatment of this disease.

Açäo do noretindrone em pacientes com endometriose e galactorréia / Effect of norethindrone in patients with endometriosis and galactorrhea

Estudou-se a açäo do acetato de noretindrome em 18 pacientes portadoras de endometriose pélvica moderada. Nove apresentavam galactorréia espontânea (grupo A) e as demais (grupo B) eram destituídas do sinal. O fármaco foi administrado por seis meses, na dose de 30 mg/dia, VO. Para a apreciaçäo dos resultados levou-se em consideraçäo dados clínicos e as concentraçöes médias de prolactina no sangue periférico, antes e após o tratamento. Pôde-se concluir que: (1) As pacientes com galactorréia apresentaram concentraçäo plasmática média de prolactina estatisticamente mais elevada do que as portadoras do sintoma antes do tratamento (valor basal); (2) Observou-se significativamente diminuiçäo da prolactinemia média nas 18 pacientes, ao se comparar o valor basal com o obtido após seis meses de tratamento; (3) A galactorréia persistiu em três (33,4%) casos